kingchenc
d2f99efd78
The original taxonomy was four classical families plus a statistics group, with the F1-F12 expansion slotted in as sub-categories. This regroups the whole 71-indicator catalogue into eight top-level families, each with at least five members: Moving Averages (12), Momentum Oscillators (13), Trend & Directional (9), Price Oscillators (5), Volatility & Bands (12), Trailing Stops (5), Volume (9), Price Statistics (7). - Wiki: docs/wiki/indicators/ reorganised into eight family folders; all 71 indicator pages moved with `git mv`. Every internal cross-link is normalised to `../<family>/Indicator-X.md`, each page's `Family` field is set to its new family, and two pre-existing `../Indicator-Chaining.md` links (should have been `../../`) are corrected. A link check confirms every relative wiki link resolves. - Indicators-Overview.md fully rewritten around the eight families; Home.md indicator reference and the README family table follow suit. - Warmup-Periods.md gains the eight F13 indicators; CHANGELOG records the 46-indicator expansion (25 -> 71) and the eight-family taxonomy. - Tests: Node indicators.test.js and Python test_new_indicators.py cover all eight new indicators (Node 91/91, Python 117/117 green). cargo fmt + clippy (core/wickra/data/wasm/node) clean; 508 core tests, 25 data tests and 74 doctests green.
172 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
172 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
# T3
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> Tillson T3 — a six-fold cascaded EMA recombined with a volume factor `v`
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> to give a smooth, low-lag trend line.
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## Quick reference
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| Field | Value |
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|-------|-------|
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| Family | Moving Averages |
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| Input type | `f64` (single close) |
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| Output type | `f64` |
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| Output range | unbounded; tracks the input price scale |
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| Default parameters | `period` required; `v = 0.7` (Python default) |
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| Warmup period | `6·period − 5` |
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| Interpretation | Smooth trend line with less lag than a same-period EMA. |
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## Formula
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T3 is the *generalised DEMA* (`GD`) applied three times. Tim Tillson's
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expansion of `GD(GD(GD(price)))` over six chained EMAs — `e1 … e6`, each
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of the same `period`, where `e2 = EMA(e1)`, `e3 = EMA(e2)`, … — is:
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```
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v2 = v², v3 = v³
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c1 = −v3
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c2 = 3·v2 + 3·v3
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c3 = −6·v2 − 3·v − 3·v3
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c4 = 1 + 3·v + v3 + 3·v2
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T3 = c1·e6 + c2·e5 + c3·e4 + c4·e3
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```
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The four coefficients always sum to `1`, so a constant price series maps
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to itself. The volume factor `v` controls the lag/overshoot trade-off:
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`v = 0` collapses T3 to the plain triple-cascaded EMA `e3`; the
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conventional `v = 0.7` adds a corrective hump that sharpens turns.
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## Parameters
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| Name | Type | Default | Valid range | Description |
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|----------|---------|----------------|-------------|-------------|
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| `period` | `usize` | none | `>= 1` | Length of every EMA in the cascade. `period = 0` errors with `Error::PeriodZero`. |
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| `v` | `f64` | `0.7` (Python) | `[0.0, 1.0]`| Volume factor. Non-finite or out-of-range values error with `Error::InvalidPeriod`. |
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The Python binding defaults `v` to `0.7` via `#[pyo3(signature = (period, v=0.7))]`;
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`period` is always explicit. The Node and WASM constructors take both
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arguments explicitly.
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## Inputs / Outputs
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From `crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/t3.rs`:
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```rust
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impl Indicator for T3 {
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type Input = f64;
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type Output = f64;
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// update(&mut self, input: f64) -> Option<f64>
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}
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```
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A single `f64` close in, an `Option<f64>` out. Python maps this to
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`float | None` / `numpy.ndarray` (NaN warmup); Node to `number | null` /
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`Array<number>` (NaN warmup).
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## Warmup
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`T3::new(period, v).warmup_period() == 6·period − 5`. Each stage of the
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SMA-seeded EMA cascade adds `period − 1` bars of delay: `e1` seeds at
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input `period`, `e2` at `2·period − 1`, …, `e6` at `6·period − 5`. T3
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emits its first value once `e6` is ready, since the output formula needs
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`e3` through `e6`.
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## Edge cases
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- **Constant series.** Because `c1 + c2 + c3 + c4 = 1` for any `v`, a flat
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input series produces a flat output equal to the constant
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(`coefficients_sum_to_one` and `constant_series_yields_the_constant`
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pin this).
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- **`v = 0`.** The coefficients become `c1 = c2 = c3 = 0`, `c4 = 1`, so
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`T3` is exactly the third stage of the EMA cascade
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(`zero_volume_factor_collapses_to_triple_cascaded_ema` pins this).
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- **NaN / infinity inputs.** Non-finite inputs are silently dropped — the
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cascade is not advanced — and the previous valid value is returned.
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- **Reset.** `t3.reset()` clears all six EMAs and the cached value.
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## Examples
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### Rust
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```rust
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use wickra::{BatchExt, Indicator, T3};
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fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
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let prices: Vec<f64> = (1..=40).map(f64::from).collect();
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let mut t3 = T3::new(3, 0.7)?;
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let out = t3.batch(&prices);
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println!("warmup_period = {}", t3.warmup_period());
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println!("first ready index = {:?}", out.iter().position(Option::is_some));
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Ok(())
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}
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```
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Output:
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```
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warmup_period = 13
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first ready index = Some(12)
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```
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`T3(3, 0.7)` warms up after `6·3 − 5 = 13` inputs, so the first non-`None`
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output sits at index `12`. On a pure ramp the output then tracks the input
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trend with a smooth, near-constant offset.
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### Python
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```python
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import numpy as np
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import wickra as ta
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t3 = ta.T3(5) # v defaults to 0.7
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prices = np.linspace(100.0, 140.0, 60)
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out = t3.batch(prices)
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print("warmup_period =", t3.warmup_period())
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print("ready values:", np.count_nonzero(~np.isnan(out)))
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```
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Output:
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```
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warmup_period = 25
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ready values: 36
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```
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### Node
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```javascript
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const ta = require('wickra');
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const t3 = new ta.T3(5, 0.7);
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const prices = Array.from({ length: 60 }, (_, i) => 100 + i);
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console.log('warmupPeriod:', t3.warmupPeriod());
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console.log('last:', t3.batch(prices).at(-1));
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```
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## Interpretation
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`T3` is a "best of both" trend line — close to `Tema` in lag reduction but
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visibly smoother, because the six-EMA cascade filters noise the
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three-EMA `Tema` lets through. Use it as a single trend filter or as the
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slow leg of a crossover where you want a clean line. Raise `v` toward `1`
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for sharper turns (more overshoot), lower it toward `0` for maximum
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smoothness (`v = 0` is just a triple EMA).
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## Common pitfalls
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- **Treating `v` as optional outside Python.** Only the Python binding
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defaults `v` to `0.7`; the Rust, Node and WASM constructors require it.
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- **Underestimating warmup.** `6·period − 5` grows fast — a `T3(20)` needs
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`115` bars before its first value.
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## References
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Tim Tillson, "Better Moving Averages", *Technical Analysis of Stocks &
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Commodities* (1998). The six-EMA expansion and coefficient formulas here
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match Tillson's published derivation and TA-Lib's `T3`.
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## See also
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- [Indicator-Tema.md](../moving-averages/Indicator-Tema.md) — the three-EMA relative.
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- [Indicator-Dema.md](../moving-averages/Indicator-Dema.md) — the two-EMA relative.
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- [Indicator-Zlema.md](../moving-averages/Indicator-Zlema.md) — low-lag average via de-lagging.
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- [Indicators-Overview.md](../../Indicators-Overview.md) — the full taxonomy.
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