Bump version to 1.1.3

* feat: add MT5 order metadata, coverage report, and env-backed CLI config

* fix: align review-driven trading and history contracts

* Bump pdmt5 to 1.1.0

* test: stabilize history gaps CLI assertion

* fix: address review follow-ups for gaps and filling mode

.agents/skills/local-qa/scripts/qa.sh

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ uv run pyright .
 uv run pytest
 
 # Markdown
-npx -y prettier --write './**/*.md'
+npx -y prettier --write './**/*.{md,json}'
 
 # GitHub Actions
 case "${OSTYPE}" in

.agents/skills/pr-feedback-triage/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+---
+name: pr-feedback-triage
+description: Triage pull request review comments into fixes, replies, clarification requests, or open follow-ups while respecting safe execution modes.
+allowed-tools: Bash(git:*), Bash(gh:*), mcp__github__*, Read, Grep, Glob, Edit, MultiEdit, Write
+---
+
+# PR Feedback Triage
+
+Triage pull request review feedback, decide what action each thread needs, make focused fixes when allowed, and report or resolve only what is actually handled.
+
+## When to Use
+
+- A PR has review comments, requested changes, unresolved review threads, or bot review findings.
+- The user asks to address, respond to, or resolve PR feedback.
+- The user provides a PR URL/number, a branch with an associated PR, or copied comments.
+
+Do not use this skill for a first-pass code review with no existing feedback; use a code review skill instead.
+
+## Inputs
+
+- Pull request URL or number, or a current branch that has an associated pull request.
+- Repository checkout or platform access sufficient to inspect the PR diff and review feedback.
+- Optional reviewer priorities from the user, such as "only address blocking comments" or "do not reply on the PR platform".
+- Optional operating mode flags: `dry_run`, `no_push`, and `no_reply`.
+
+If no PR or review comments are identifiable, ask for the target PR or the copied comments before proceeding.
+
+## Modes
+
+- `dry_run`: inspect review feedback and report the triage only. Do not edit files, run write-mode formatters, commit, push, post replies, or resolve review threads.
+- `no_push`: local edits and verification are allowed, but do not push commits or otherwise update the remote branch. Report the local diff or local commits that still need to be pushed. Do not resolve threads whose resolution depends on unpushed local edits.
+- `no_reply`: do not post replies, submit reviews, or resolve review threads. Provide suggested replies and resolution actions in the final report instead.
+
+When a mode disables an action, skip that destructive or externally visible action even if normal workflow text would otherwise allow it.
+
+## Preflight
+
+1. Identify the current branch and target PR.
+2. Check tracked local changes with `git diff --name-only` and `git diff --cached --name-only`. Ignore untracked files unless the review feedback explicitly concerns them.
+3. Check unpushed commits before relying on remote review feedback.
+4. If tracked local changes or unpushed commits exist, warn that existing PR comments may not cover the latest local state. In `normal` mode, push only when the user request or repository workflow allows it; otherwise continue with a clearly reported limitation.
+
+## Feedback Collection
+
+Gather the complete feedback set before editing:
+
+- Fetch unresolved review threads, requested-change reviews, inline comments, copied comments, and PR-level summary comments.
+- Use whichever authenticated GitHub-capable interface is available and reliable. This skill explicitly permits both `gh` and GitHub MCP tools; paginate results and do not inspect only the first page of threads or comments.
+- For bot reviewers that post both summary comments and inline comments, prefer inline comments for actionable triage. Incorporate summary findings only when they contain distinct severity, rationale, or fix instructions not already captured from inline comments.
+- Summary comments may be excluded from triage when they do not add distinct actionable context.
+- Preserve every thread/comment identifier needed to reply or resolve later.
+- Compare each comment with the current diff and file contents because review lines can become outdated.
+
+## Deduplication and Ordering
+
+Build one triage record per distinct finding:
+
+- Prefer exact review-thread identity when available.
+- For duplicate bot findings appearing in both summary and inline comments, merge by exact issue title first, then by file path plus line range as a fallback.
+- Prefer inline comments for location and current code context.
+- Use summary comments only for distinct severity, category, rationale, or detailed agent prompts that are not already available from inline comments.
+- Preserve the reviewer’s exact issue title and original wording where practical. Do not rename findings in a way that would make replies hard to map back to comments.
+- Preserve the reviewer’s original ordering unless the user asks for priority reordering. Many review bots already order findings by severity.
+
+Each triage record should track: original title, reviewer, source IDs, location, current applicability, severity/priority if available, disposition, planned action, verification, reply text if any, resolution decision, platform action attempted, and final platform state.
+
+## Resolution Policy
+
+In normal mode, `Resolve conversation` is the default action for any review thread that has been fully handled. A thread is handled when the requested change is implemented and verified, the current code already satisfies the comment, the comment is outdated and no longer applies, or a deliberate deferral/won't-fix response has been posted with a clear reason.
+
+Keep a thread open only when it still needs reviewer, maintainer, or product input, the fix is local-only and not pushed, verification is missing for a material change, or the user explicitly requested `dry_run`, `no_push`, or `no_reply` behavior that prevents resolution.
+
+When resolving a thread, add a concise reply first only if it provides useful context, such as what changed, why no code change was needed, why a finding was intentionally deferred, or why the original comment is now outdated. Do not add noisy replies for self-evident fixes unless project norms require them.
+
+## Platform Comment Style
+
+- Keep every posted reply or comment brief: one sentence by default, two short sentences only when necessary.
+- Do not post PR-level summary or status comments by default. Omit them when they only restate completed fixes, resolved threads, or verification already visible in commits/checks.
+- Avoid templates, long bullet lists, exhaustive status logs, and duplicated explanations in platform comments.
+- For simple fixes, already-addressed findings, or outdated findings, prefer `resolve_only` over adding a reply.
+
+## Platform Action Contract
+
+Do not treat triage as complete until every incorporated source ID reaches an explicit terminal state:
+
+- `resolved`: a platform resolve action succeeded, or a re-check shows the thread is already resolved.
+- `replied_left_open`: a reply or question was posted and the thread is intentionally left unresolved.
+- `not_resolvable`: the source is a PR-level summary comment or copied comment that has no platform-level resolve action; post a brief reply only when useful.
+- `skipped_by_mode`: `dry_run`, `no_push`, or `no_reply` prevented the external action.
+- `failed_action`: a reply or resolve action was attempted and failed; include the attempted action and failure in the final summary.
+
+In normal mode, build and execute a platform action queue after fixes are verified and pushed when needed:
+
+- `reply_then_resolve`: use for handled threads where the reviewer needs context before resolution.
+- `resolve_only`: use for self-evident fixes and already-addressed or outdated threads where an extra reply would add noise.
+- `reply_leave_open`: use only for clarification requests, blocked work, or intentionally open follow-ups.
+- `reply_only`: use for PR-level comments or summaries that cannot be resolved, only when a short reply adds value.
+
+For duplicate findings, execute the terminal action for every source thread ID, not only the primary triage record. If one finding is represented by three unresolved inline threads, all three must be resolved or explicitly left open.
+
+## GitHub Action Guidance
+
+Use whichever authenticated GitHub-capable interface is available and reliable, preferably `gh` or GitHub MCP. Prefer interfaces that expose review-thread resolution state. For GitHub inline review threads, use the thread node ID and the GraphQL `resolveReviewThread` mutation, or an equivalent GitHub MCP resolve-thread tool, rather than assuming that a reply resolves the conversation.
+
+A reliable pattern is:
+
+1. Re-fetch review threads and comments immediately before acting.
+2. Reply to the thread when the action queue says a reply is needed.
+3. Resolve the review thread by node ID when the terminal state should be `resolved`.
+4. Re-fetch unresolved review threads after the action queue completes.
+5. Retry any expected-to-be-resolved thread that is still unresolved once; if it still remains unresolved, mark it `failed_action` instead of claiming completion.
+
+Example GraphQL mutation shape:
+
+```graphql
+mutation ($threadId: ID!) {
+  resolveReviewThread(input: { threadId: $threadId }) {
+    thread {
+      id
+      isResolved
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+A posted reply alone is sufficient only for `reply_leave_open`, `reply_only`, or `not_resolvable` sources. For handled inline review threads, reply and resolve are separate actions.
+
+## Flow
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+  A[Identify PR and branch state] --> B[Collect all review feedback]
+  B --> C[Deduplicate and preserve source IDs]
+  C --> D[Inspect current diff and code]
+  D --> E{Classify each triage record}
+  E -->|Fix| F[Implement minimal change]
+  E -->|Answer| G[Prepare concise reply]
+  E -->|Clarify| H[Prepare question and leave open]
+  E -->|Already addressed or Outdated| I[Prepare evidence]
+  E -->|Defer or Won't fix| J[Document reason]
+  F --> K[Verify]
+  G --> L{Mode}
+  H --> L
+  I --> L
+  J --> L
+  K --> L
+  L -->|dry_run| M[Report triage only]
+  L -->|no_push| N[Report local diff or commits]
+  L -->|no_reply| O[Report suggested replies/actions]
+  L -->|normal| P[Commit/push if changed]
+  P --> R[Execute reply/resolve action queue]
+  R --> S[Re-fetch threads and retry unresolved handled threads once]
+  M --> Q[Final summary]
+  N --> Q
+  O --> Q
+  S --> Q
+```
+
+## Compact Workflow
+
+1. **Collect all relevant feedback**
+   - Identify the PR and gather unresolved review threads, requested-change reviews, inline comments, copied comments, and PR-level summaries.
+   - Paginate all platform calls and keep comment/thread IDs for later replies and resolution.
+   - For bot reviews, prioritize inline comments and incorporate summary findings only when they add distinct actionable context.
+
+2. **Classify each triage record**
+   - **Fix**: Valid requested change; make the smallest focused edit when not in `dry_run`.
+   - **Answer**: No code change needed; prepare a concise explanation.
+   - **Clarify**: Ambiguous, conflicting, or missing context; reply with the question and leave unresolved.
+   - **Already addressed**: Current code already satisfies it; prepare evidence.
+   - **Outdated**: Commented code or issue no longer exists; prepare evidence.
+   - **Defer / Won't fix**: Valid concern intentionally not changed now; document a specific reason.
+
+3. **Act according to the classification and mode**
+   - Keep edits scoped to the review feedback.
+   - Follow reviewer-provided fix instructions literally when they are still applicable; deviate only when the current code proves the instruction is stale or unsafe.
+   - In `dry_run`, stop at triage, proposed fixes, suggested replies, and verification plan.
+   - In `no_push`, local edits are allowed, but do not push or resolve threads whose fix is only local. Reply or resolve non-code, already-addressed, or outdated threads only when the action does not depend on unpushed work and `no_reply` is not set.
+   - In `no_reply`, do not post replies or resolve threads; report suggested replies/actions instead.
+   - In normal mode, commit and push changed code when appropriate, then execute the platform action queue for every incorporated source ID.
+
+4. **Verify before claiming completion**
+   - For fixes, run appropriate checks or explain why they could not run.
+   - Re-inspect the updated diff and comment context to confirm the concern is resolved.
+   - Re-fetch review threads after reply/resolve actions and confirm all expected-to-be-resolved thread IDs are resolved.
+   - Do not mark a thread resolved if it still needs reviewer, maintainer, or product input.
+   - If a resolve or reply operation fails, retry once when safe; then report `failed_action` with the affected source ID and reason.
+
+5. **Finish**
+   - Normal mode: commit/push changes when appropriate, post only useful short replies/comments, omit PR-level summaries when they add no value, resolve all handled threads by default, and reconcile the final unresolved set.
+   - Safe modes: report the local state and the exact replies/resolution actions a human could take.
+
+## Reply Guidance
+
+- Keep inline replies short: one sentence by default, two short sentences only when needed.
+- For fixed findings, mention the concrete change or commit only if it helps the reviewer.
+- For already-addressed or outdated findings, cite the current code path or behavior only as briefly as needed.
+- For deferred or won't-fix findings, provide the reason and any follow-up issue or owner if known.
+- Avoid posting PR-level summary comments unless they communicate a decision, blocker, or requested reviewer action.
+- If a reply or resolve operation fails, continue with the remaining threads and report the failure in the final summary.
+
+## Final Summary Checklist
+
+- Mode used: `normal`, `dry_run`, `no_push`, or `no_reply`
+- Counts by disposition: fixed, answered, clarified/left open, already addressed, outdated, deferred/won't-fix
+- Counts by platform terminal state: resolved, replied-left-open, not-resolvable, skipped-by-mode, failed-action
+- Threads resolved, intentionally left open, already resolved, or resolution actions skipped by mode
+- Any expected-to-be-resolved thread that remained unresolved after retry
+- Verification run or planned
+- Commits pushed, local diff/commits, or "none"
+- Remaining open items and who needs to respond

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -62,6 +62,19 @@ jobs:
       runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     secrets:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+  github-codeql-analysis:
+    if: >
+      github.event_name == 'push'
+      || github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+      || (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.workflow == 'lint-and-test')
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+      actions: read
+    uses: dceoy/gh-actions-for-devops/.github/workflows/github-codeql-analysis.yml@main  # zizmor: ignore[unpinned-uses]
+    with:
+      language: >
+        ["python"]
   dependabot-auto-merge:
     if: >
       github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.actor == 'dependabot[bot]'
@@ -73,5 +86,7 @@ jobs:
       contents: write
       pull-requests: write
       actions: read
+      checks: read
+      statuses: read
     with:
       unconditional: true

.github/workflows/opencode.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+---
+name: Pull request review and mention bot using OpenCode
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - ready_for_review
+  issue_comment:
+    types:
+      - created
+  pull_request_review_comment:
+    types:
+      - created
+  pull_request_review:
+    types:
+      - submitted
+  issues:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - assigned
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+jobs:
+  opencode-review:
+    if: >
+      github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+      && contains(fromJSON('["OWNER","MEMBER","COLLABORATOR"]'), github.event.pull_request.author_association)
+      && (! github.event.pull_request.draft)
+      && (! startsWith(github.head_ref, 'dependabot/'))
+      && (! startsWith(github.head_ref, 'renovate/'))
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+      issues: write
+      id-token: write
+      actions: read
+    uses: dceoy/gh-actions-for-devops/.github/workflows/opencode-review.yml@main  # zizmor: ignore[unpinned-uses]
+    with:
+      model: opencode-go/kimi-k2.7-code
+    secrets:
+      OPENCODE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.OPENCODE_API_KEY }}
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+  opencode-bot:
+    if: >
+      (
+        (github.event_name == 'issue_comment' || github.event_name == 'pull_request_review_comment')
+        && contains(fromJSON('["OWNER","MEMBER","COLLABORATOR"]'), github.event.comment.author_association)
+        && (contains(github.event.comment.body, '/oc') || contains(github.event.comment.body, '/opencode'))
+      ) || (
+        github.event_name == 'pull_request_review'
+        && contains(fromJSON('["OWNER","MEMBER","COLLABORATOR"]'), github.event.review.author_association)
+        && (contains(github.event.review.body, '/oc') || contains(github.event.review.body, '/opencode'))
+      ) || (
+        github.event_name == 'issues'
+        && contains(fromJSON('["OWNER","MEMBER","COLLABORATOR"]'), github.event.issue.author_association)
+        && (
+          (contains(github.event.issue.body, '/oc') || contains(github.event.issue.title, '/oc'))
+          || (contains(github.event.issue.body, '/opencode') || contains(github.event.issue.title, '/opencode'))
+        )
+      )
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+      issues: write
+      id-token: write
+      actions: read
+    uses: dceoy/gh-actions-for-devops/.github/workflows/opencode-bot.yml@main  # zizmor: ignore[unpinned-uses]
+    with:
+      model: opencode-go/glm-5.2
+    secrets:
+      OPENCODE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.OPENCODE_API_KEY }}
+      GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_TOKEN || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

AGENTS.md

@@ -1,81 +1,37 @@
 # Repository Guidelines
 
-## Commands
+## Project Structure & Module Organization
 
-### Development Setup
+`mt5cli/` contains the package source. Important modules include `cli.py` for the Typer command-line app, `client.py` and `sdk.py` for public MT5 client/session APIs, `history.py` for SQLite history collection, `storage.py` and `converters.py` for export behavior, and `schemas.py` for normalized dataset contracts. `tests/` holds pytest coverage for CLI behavior, SDK contracts, trading helpers, history, and utilities. `docs/` and `mkdocs.yml` define the MkDocs site and API reference. `skills/mt5cli/SKILL.md` documents the mt5cli agent skill.
 
-```bash
-uv sync
-```
+## Build, Test, and Development Commands
 
-### Code Quality and Documentation
+- `uv sync` installs runtime and development dependencies from `pyproject.toml` and `uv.lock`.
+- `uv run mt5cli --help` runs the local CLI entry point.
+- `uv run ruff format .` formats Python files.
+- `uv run ruff check --fix .` lints and applies safe fixes.
+- `uv run pyright .` runs strict type checking.
+- `uv run pytest` runs doctests, branch coverage, and the test suite.
+- `uv run mkdocs serve` previews documentation locally; `uv run mkdocs build` validates the docs build.
 
-**Important**: Run these before committing or creating a PR.
+Use `.agents/skills/local-qa/SKILL.md` for pre-handoff QA. It runs `.agents/skills/local-qa/scripts/qa.sh`, which formats, lints, type-checks, tests, formats Markdown, and checks GitHub workflows.
 
-1. **format, lint, and test**: Use `local-qa` skill.
-2. **Documentation build** (if any public API changes): `uv run mkdocs build`
+## Coding Style & Naming Conventions
 
-## Architecture
+Target Python `>=3.11,<3.14`. Use Ruff’s configured 88-character line length and Google-style docstrings. Pyright is strict, so prefer explicit public type annotations and narrow exception handling. Keep module, function, and variable names in `snake_case`; classes and enums use `PascalCase`. Preserve the package’s small, typed helper style rather than adding broad abstractions.
 
-### Key Dependencies
+## Design Principles
 
-- **pdmt5**: Pandas-based data handler for MetaTrader 5 (core library)
-- **typer**: CLI framework for building command-line interfaces
-- **click**: Parameter type customization for CLI options
-- **pandas**: Core data manipulation and analysis
+Apply KISS, DRY, and YAGNI when changing code. Prefer the simplest implementation that satisfies the current CLI/API contract. Remove duplication when shared behavior is already proven by at least two concrete call sites, but avoid generic helpers for speculative reuse. Do not add configuration flags, extension hooks, or alternate backends until a real repository use case requires them.
 
-### Package Structure
+## Testing Guidelines
 
-- `mt5cli/`: Main package directory
-  - `__init__.py`: Package initialization and exports (`detect_format`, `export_dataframe`)
-  - `cli.py`: CLI application with typer-based commands for data export
-  - `utils.py`: Constants, enums, parameter types, parsers, and export utilities
-  - `__main__.py`: Entry point for `python -m mt5cli`
-- `tests/`: Comprehensive test suite (pytest-based)
-  - `test_cli.py`: Tests for CLI commands and collect-history behavior
-  - `test_utils.py`: Tests for utility constants, parameter types, parsers, and export functions
-- `docs/`: MkDocs documentation with API reference
-  - `docs/index.md`: Main documentation
-  - `docs/api/`: Auto-generated API documentation for all modules
-- Modern Python packaging with `pyproject.toml` and uv dependency management
-
-### Quality Standards
-
-- Type hints required (pyright strict mode)
-- Comprehensive linting with 35+ rule categories (ruff)
-- Test coverage tracking with 100% (pytest-cov)
-- Parametrized tests for input/result matrices using `pytest.mark.parametrize` (pytest)
-- Test doubles (mocks, stubs) using `pytest_mock` for external dependencies (pytest-mock)
-- Pydantic models for data validation and configuration
-
-### Documentation workflow
-
-1. Add Google-style docstrings to functions/classes
-2. Local preview: `uv run mkdocs serve`
-3. Build: `uv run mkdocs build`
-4. Deploy: `uv run mkdocs gh-deploy`
+Tests use pytest, pytest-mock, doctests, and pytest-cov. Test files should match `tests/test_*.py`, classes `Test*`, and functions `test_*`. Coverage is configured with `fail_under = 100`, so add focused tests for every behavior change. Mock MT5/pdmt5 boundaries; do not require a live MetaTrader terminal in unit tests.
 
 ## Commit & Pull Request Guidelines
 
-- Run QA checks using `local-qa` skill before committing or creating a PR.
-- Branch names use appropriate prefixes on creation (e.g., `feature/...`, `bugfix/...`, `refactor/...`, `docs/...`, `chore/...`).
-- When instructed to create a PR, create it as a draft with appropriate labels by default.
+Recent history uses concise imperative commits, sometimes with conventional prefixes such as `feat:` or `chore:` and PR numbers appended by GitHub. Keep commits scoped to one logical change. Pull requests should describe behavior changes, note tests run, link related issues, and call out MT5/live-trading risk where relevant.
 
-## Code Design Principles
+## Security & Configuration Tips
 
-Always prefer the simplest design that works.
-
-- **KISS**: Choose straightforward solutions and avoid unnecessary abstraction.
-- **DRY**: Remove duplication when it improves clarity and maintainability.
-- **YAGNI**: Do not add features, hooks, or flexibility until they are needed.
-- **SOLID/Clean Code**: Apply these as tools, only when they keep the design simpler and easier to change.
-
-## Development Methodology
-
-Keep delivery incremental, test-backed, and easy to review.
-
-- Make small, safe, reversible changes.
-- Prefer `Red -> Green -> Refactor`.
-- Do not mix feature work and refactoring in the same commit.
-- Refactor when it improves clarity or removes real duplication (Rule of Three).
-- Keep tests fast, focused, and self-validating.
+Never commit account credentials, broker passwords, exported private data, or local `.venv` contents. Treat `order_send` and CLI `order-send --yes` as live execution paths; gate examples and tests so they cannot place real trades accidentally.

README.md

@@ -2,10 +2,18 @@
 
 [![CI/CD](https://github.com/dceoy/mt5cli/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/dceoy/mt5cli/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
 
-Command-line tool for exporting MetaTrader 5 data to CSV, JSON, Parquet, and SQLite3.
+Generic MT5 data and execution infrastructure for Python applications. Export from the CLI or import a small, stable Python API in downstream packages.
+
+The [Public API Contract](docs/api/public-contract.md) lists stable SDK exports (`mt5cli.STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS`), CLI commands, internal helpers, and responsibilities that remain out of scope (strategy logic, backtests, optimization).
 
 Built on top of [pdmt5](https://github.com/dceoy/pdmt5), a pandas-based data handler for MetaTrader 5.
 
+## Architecture
+
+- **pdmt5** — canonical MT5 client, DataFrame/trading primitives, and MT5 constant parsing (`TIMEFRAME_*`, `COPY_TICKS_*`, order types).
+- **mt5cli** — public `MT5Client` API, standardized dataset schemas, storage helpers, CLI commands, and SQLite history collection built on pdmt5.
+- **mt5api** — sibling HTTP adapter for remote MT5 access; not a dependency of mt5cli.
+
 ## Features
 
 - **Multi-format export**: CSV, JSON, Parquet, and SQLite3 output formats
@@ -21,7 +29,105 @@ Built on top of [pdmt5](https://github.com/dceoy/pdmt5), a pandas-based data han
 pip install -U mt5cli MetaTrader5
 ```
 
-## Usage
+Parquet export is not included by default. To enable it, install the `parquet` extra:
+
+```bash
+pip install -U "mt5cli[parquet]" MetaTrader5
+```
+
+## Python API (downstream packages)
+
+Import `MT5Client` for generic MT5 data access, schema normalization, and optional order primitives.
+
+```python
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from mt5cli import (
+    MT5Client,
+    build_config,
+    collect_history,
+    mt5_session,
+    update_history_with_config,
+)
+from mt5cli.schemas import DataKind, normalize_dataframe
+from mt5cli.utils import Dataset, export_dataframe
+
+# Persistent session for multiple calls
+with mt5_session(build_config(login=12345, server="Broker-Demo")) as client:
+    rates = client.copy_rates_range(
+        "EURUSD",
+        timeframe="H1",
+        date_from="2024-01-01",
+        date_to="2024-02-01",
+    )
+    positions = client.positions()
+    check = client.order_check({"action": 1, "symbol": "EURUSD", "volume": 0.1})
+
+# Normalize MT5 frames to the public schema contract before storage
+closed_rates = normalize_dataframe(
+    rates, DataKind.rates, symbol="EURUSD", timeframe="H1"
+)
+export_dataframe(closed_rates, Path("rates.csv"), "csv")
+
+# Bulk SQLite history (same behavior as collect-history CLI command)
+collect_history(
+    Path("history.db"),
+    symbols=["EURUSD"],
+    date_from=datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC),
+    date_to=datetime(2024, 2, 1, tzinfo=UTC),
+    datasets={Dataset.rates, Dataset.history_deals},
+)
+
+# Incremental append for automated pipelines
+update_history_with_config(
+    output="history.db",
+    symbols=["EURUSD"],
+    config=build_config(login=12345),
+)
+```
+
+Schema contracts live in `mt5cli.schemas` (`DataKind`, `validate_schema`, `normalize_dataframe`). Export and storage helpers are in `mt5cli.utils` (`Dataset`, `export_dataframe`) and `mt5cli.history`.
+
+`MT5Client.order_send()` is a live execution primitive: it can place real trades on the connected account. mt5cli does not implement strategy logic, signal generation, backtesting, or optimization — downstream applications must gate live execution explicitly.
+
+### Trading lifecycle and state helpers
+
+Trading applications can depend on `mt5cli` imports only; terminal path,
+credentials, server, and timeout are forwarded to `pdmt5.Mt5Config`, numeric
+login strings are coerced to integers, and empty login strings are treated as
+unset. Pass `allow_whole_dollar_env=True` to expand `${ENV_VAR}` and bare
+`$ENV_NAME` placeholders in connection string parameters before coercion.
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import (
+    build_config,
+    calculate_spread_ratio,
+    create_trading_client,
+    get_account_snapshot,
+    mt5_trading_session,
+)
+
+# Login from environment — numeric string is coerced to int automatically
+config = build_config(login="$MT5_LOGIN", allow_whole_dollar_env=True)
+
+with mt5_trading_session(
+    path=r"C:\Program Files\MetaTrader 5\terminal64.exe",
+    login="12345",
+    password="from-env-or-secret-store",
+    server="Broker-Demo",
+) as client:
+    account = get_account_snapshot(client)
+    spread = calculate_spread_ratio(client, "EURUSD")
+
+client = create_trading_client(login=12345, server="Broker-Demo")
+try:
+    positions = client.positions_get_as_df(symbol="EURUSD")
+finally:
+    client.shutdown()
+```
+
+## CLI usage
 
 ```bash
 # Export account information to CSV
@@ -38,9 +144,10 @@ mt5cli -o ticks.json ticks-from --symbol EURUSD \
 # Export symbols to SQLite3 with custom table name
 mt5cli -o data.db --table symbols symbols --group "*USD*"
 
-# Export with connection credentials
-mt5cli --login 12345 --password mypass --server MyBroker-Demo \
-  -o positions.csv positions
+# Export with connection credentials from env or placeholders
+MT5_LOGIN=12345 MT5_PASSWORD=secret MT5_SERVER=MyBroker-Demo \
+  mt5cli -o positions.csv positions
+MT5_PATH="/path/to/terminal64.exe" mt5cli -o positions.csv positions
 ```
 
 Run as a Python module:
@@ -51,39 +158,58 @@ python -m mt5cli -o account.csv account-info
 
 ## Commands
 
-| Command                | Description                                                                                                  |
-| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| `rates-from`           | Export rates from a start date                                                                               |
-| `rates-from-pos`       | Export rates from a start position                                                                           |
-| `latest-rates`         | Export latest rates from a start position                                                                    |
-| `rates-range`          | Export rates for a date range                                                                                |
-| `ticks-from`           | Export ticks from a start date                                                                               |
-| `ticks-range`          | Export ticks for a date range                                                                                |
-| `ticks-recent`         | Export ticks from a recent trailing window                                                                   |
-| `account-info`         | Export account information                                                                                   |
-| `terminal-info`        | Export terminal information                                                                                  |
-| `version`              | Export MetaTrader 5 version information                                                                      |
-| `last-error`           | Export the last error information                                                                            |
-| `symbols`              | Export symbol list                                                                                           |
-| `symbol-info`          | Export symbol details                                                                                        |
-| `symbol-info-tick`     | Export the last tick for a symbol                                                                            |
-| `minimum-margins`      | Export minimum-volume buy and sell margin requirements                                                       |
-| `market-book`          | Export market depth (order book)                                                                             |
-| `orders`               | Export active orders                                                                                         |
-| `positions`            | Export open positions                                                                                        |
-| `history-orders`       | Export historical orders                                                                                     |
-| `history-deals`        | Export historical deals                                                                                      |
-| `recent-history-deals` | Export historical deals from a recent trailing window                                                        |
-| `mt5-summary`          | Export terminal/account status summary                                                                       |
-| `order-check`          | Check funds sufficiency for a trade request                                                                  |
-| `order-send`           | Send a trade request to the trade server (`--yes` required)                                                  |
-| `collect-history`      | Bundle rates, ticks, history-orders, and history-deals for one or more symbols into a single SQLite database |
+| Command                | Description                                                                                                                                           |
+| ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `rates-from`           | Export rates from a start date                                                                                                                        |
+| `rates-from-pos`       | Export rates from a start position                                                                                                                    |
+| `latest-rates`         | Export latest rates from a start position                                                                                                             |
+| `rates-range`          | Export rates for a date range                                                                                                                         |
+| `ticks-from`           | Export ticks from a start date                                                                                                                        |
+| `ticks-range`          | Export ticks for a date range                                                                                                                         |
+| `ticks-recent`         | Export ticks from a recent trailing window                                                                                                            |
+| `account-info`         | Export account information                                                                                                                            |
+| `terminal-info`        | Export terminal information                                                                                                                           |
+| `version`              | Export MetaTrader 5 version information                                                                                                               |
+| `last-error`           | Export the last error information                                                                                                                     |
+| `symbols`              | Export symbol list                                                                                                                                    |
+| `symbol-info`          | Export symbol details                                                                                                                                 |
+| `symbol-info-tick`     | Export the last tick for a symbol                                                                                                                     |
+| `minimum-margins`      | Export minimum-volume buy and sell margin requirements                                                                                                |
+| `market-book`          | Export market depth (order book)                                                                                                                      |
+| `orders`               | Export active orders                                                                                                                                  |
+| `positions`            | Export open positions                                                                                                                                 |
+| `history-orders`       | Export historical orders                                                                                                                              |
+| `history-deals`        | Export historical deals                                                                                                                               |
+| `recent-history-deals` | Export historical deals from a recent trailing window                                                                                                 |
+| `mt5-summary`          | Export terminal/account status summary                                                                                                                |
+| `order-check`          | Check funds sufficiency for a trade request                                                                                                           |
+| `order-send`           | Send a raw trade request to the trade server (`--yes` required; expert path)                                                                          |
+| `close-positions`      | Close open positions by `--symbol` or `--ticket` (`--yes` required for live; `--dry-run` available; optional `--deviation` / `--comment` / `--magic`) |
+| `collect-history`      | Collect rates, history-orders, and history-deals for one or more symbols into a single SQLite database (ticks opt-in via `--dataset ticks`)           |
+| `history-gaps`         | Export a SQLite-only one-row-per-gap report from managed rate compatibility views without connecting to MT5                                           |
+| `grafana-schema`       | Create or refresh Grafana-ready views and indexes in an existing SQLite database (idempotent, no MT5 connection)                                      |
+| `snapshot`             | Snapshot current account, position, order, and terminal state into SQLite for live Grafana dashboards                                                 |
 
 Use `order-check` to validate a request payload before running `order-send --yes`.
+`close-positions` is the safer high-level alternative that builds correct close
+requests automatically. At least one `--symbol` or `--ticket` must be provided.
+CLI connection flags fall back to `MT5_LOGIN`, `MT5_PASSWORD`, `MT5_SERVER`,
+and `MT5_PATH` when unset, and explicit CLI values still win.
+
+### `history-gaps`
+
+Inspect collected SQLite rate views offline and export one row per detected gap.
+For managed compatibility views, the command infers bar spacing from the view
+name. Use `--granularity-seconds` for custom tables or views.
+
+```bash
+mt5cli -o gaps.json history-gaps --sqlite3 history.db
+mt5cli -o eurusd.csv history-gaps --sqlite3 history.db --table rate_EURUSD__M1_1
+```
 
 ### `collect-history`
 
-Collect several historical datasets per symbol into one SQLite database in a single MT5 session. Pick datasets with repeatable `--dataset` (default: all four), choose conflict behavior with `--if-exists append|replace|fail` (default: `fail`), and optionally derive `cash_events` / `positions_reconstructed` views from `history_deals` via `--with-views`.
+Collect several historical datasets per symbol into one SQLite database in a single MT5 session. Pick datasets with repeatable `--dataset` (default: `rates`, `history-orders`, `history-deals`; add `--dataset ticks` when tick-level history is required — tick data can grow the SQLite database quickly), choose conflict behavior with `--if-exists append|replace|fail` (default: `fail`), and optionally derive `cash_events` / `positions_reconstructed` views from `history_deals` via `--with-views`.
 
 ```bash
 mt5cli -o history.db collect-history \
@@ -95,13 +221,116 @@ mt5cli -o history.db collect-history \
 
 History orders and deals are fetched per symbol and concatenated, so the symbol filter is applied consistently across all datasets. The `cash_events` view is derived from symbol-filtered `history_deals`, so account-level cash events with empty or non-matching symbols may be excluded. The `rates` table records the requested `timeframe` so appended runs at different timeframes remain distinguishable. The `positions_reconstructed` view aggregates trade deals by `position_id`, excludes positions without closing-side entries, and uses volume-weighted open/close prices; reversal deals (`DEAL_ENTRY_INOUT`) are reported via `volume_reversal` / `reversal_count` columns.
 
+### Grafana-ready SQLite dashboards
+
+mt5cli can prepare a SQLite database for use as a Grafana datasource (via the [SQLite plugin](https://grafana.com/grafana/plugins/frser-sqlite-datasource/) or similar). Most `grafana_*` views expose an integer epoch-second `time` column for use in Grafana time-series panels. Two views (`grafana_realized_pnl`, `grafana_trade_stats`) are static symbol-level summaries with no `time` column — use them in table or stat panels.
+
+#### Prepare the schema (idempotent, no MT5 connection needed)
+
+```bash
+mt5cli -o history.db grafana-schema
+```
+
+This creates snapshot tables (`account_snapshots`, `position_snapshots`, `order_snapshots`, `terminal_snapshots`, `snapshot_runs`) and all `grafana_*` views and indexes in the SQLite database. Safe to run repeatedly — all operations are idempotent.
+
+#### Snapshot current account state
+
+```bash
+mt5cli -o history.db snapshot \
+  --symbol JP225 --symbol HK50 --symbol NL25 \
+  --with-account --with-positions --with-orders --with-terminal \
+  --with-grafana-schema
+```
+
+Appends one timestamped row per data type. Never places orders or modifies trading state. Run periodically (e.g. from a cron job or a loop) to build a time-series account history.
+
+#### SDK usage
+
+```python
+from pdmt5 import Mt5DataClient, Mt5Config
+from mt5cli import update_observability, update_observability_with_config
+
+# Reuse an already-connected client
+client = Mt5DataClient(config=Mt5Config(login=12345))
+client.initialize_and_login_mt5()
+try:
+    update_observability(
+        client=client,
+        output="history.db",
+        symbols=["EURUSD", "GBPUSD"],  # optional position/order filter
+        include_account=True,
+        include_positions=True,
+        include_orders=True,
+        include_terminal=True,
+        with_grafana_schema=True,
+    )
+finally:
+    client.shutdown()
+
+# Standalone wrapper that opens/closes MT5 automatically
+update_observability_with_config(
+    output="history.db",
+    config=Mt5Config(login=12345),
+)
+```
+
+#### Available Grafana views
+
+**Time-series views** (integer epoch-second `time` column; snapshot views also expose `run_id`):
+
+| View                         | Source               | Description                                                |
+| ---------------------------- | -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `grafana_rates`              | `rates`              | OHLCV bars with integer epoch `time`                       |
+| `grafana_ticks`              | `ticks`              | Tick data with integer epoch `time`                        |
+| `grafana_history_deals`      | `history_deals`      | All deals with epoch `time`                                |
+| `grafana_history_orders`     | `history_orders`     | All historical orders; adds epoch `time` from `time_setup` |
+| `grafana_trade_deals`        | `history_deals`      | Trade deals only (`type IN (0,1)`)                         |
+| `grafana_cash_events`        | `history_deals`      | Non-trade deals (deposits, dividends, etc.)                |
+| `grafana_symbol_pnl`         | `history_deals`      | Per-close-deal profit/loss per symbol                      |
+| `grafana_account_snapshots`  | `account_snapshots`  | Account balance/equity/margin time series                  |
+| `grafana_position_snapshots` | `position_snapshots` | Open position snapshots over time                          |
+| `grafana_order_snapshots`    | `order_snapshots`    | Active order snapshots over time                           |
+| `grafana_terminal_snapshots` | `terminal_snapshots` | Terminal connectivity snapshots                            |
+
+**Static summary views** (no `time` column; use in table or stat panels, not time-series):
+
+| View                   | Source          | Description                           |
+| ---------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------- |
+| `grafana_realized_pnl` | `history_deals` | Cumulative realized PnL per symbol    |
+| `grafana_trade_stats`  | `history_deals` | Win/loss counts and profit per symbol |
+
+#### Example Grafana queries
+
+```sql
+-- Equity curve over time
+SELECT time, equity FROM grafana_account_snapshots ORDER BY time;
+
+-- Rolling balance by account login
+SELECT time, login, balance FROM grafana_account_snapshots
+WHERE login = $login ORDER BY time;
+
+-- Open positions at latest successful snapshot
+SELECT symbol, volume, profit FROM grafana_position_snapshots
+WHERE run_id = (SELECT MAX(run_id) FROM snapshot_runs WHERE status = 'ok');
+
+-- Realized PnL by symbol
+SELECT symbol, total_profit FROM grafana_trade_stats ORDER BY total_profit DESC;
+```
+
+#### Grafana and telemetry API docs
+
+The shipped Grafana helpers are documented in [`docs/api/grafana.md`](docs/api/grafana.md), including `publish_grafana_copy()` for creating a WAL-safe published SQLite copy for Grafana.
+
+OpenTelemetry metrics are documented in [`docs/api/telemetry.md`](docs/api/telemetry.md), including `enable_otel_metrics()`, `configure_metrics()`, the `mt5cli[otel]` extra, and `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT`.
+
 ### Incremental history SDK
 
 For automated pipelines, use the importable incremental API instead of re-fetching fixed date ranges:
 
 ```python
 from pdmt5 import Mt5Config, Mt5DataClient
-from mt5cli import Dataset, update_history, update_history_with_config
+from mt5cli import update_history, update_history_with_config
+from mt5cli.utils import Dataset
 
 # Reuse an already-connected pdmt5 client (does not open/close MT5)
 client = Mt5DataClient(config=Mt5Config(login=12345))
@@ -132,12 +361,30 @@ update_history_with_config(
 - **`collect-history`**: explicit date-range export into SQLite.
 - **`update_history`**: incremental append based on existing SQLite `MAX(time)` per symbol (and timeframe for rates); account-level deals use a separate cursor when `include_account_events=True`.
 - **`rates` table**: normalized storage with `symbol` and `timeframe` columns.
-- **Rate compatibility views**: mt5cli manages all `rate_*` views. Naming is `rate_<symbol>__<timeframe>` when a symbol has one timeframe, otherwise `rate_<symbol>__<granularity>_<timeframe>` (for example `rate_EURUSD__M1_1`). Stale `rate_*` views are dropped and recreated when rates change for offline tools such as mteor optimize.
+- **Rate compatibility views**: mt5cli manages all `rate_*` views. Naming is `rate_<symbol>__<timeframe>` when a symbol has one timeframe, otherwise `rate_<symbol>__<granularity>_<timeframe>` (for example `rate_EURUSD__M1_1`). Stale `rate_*` views are dropped and recreated when rates change for offline downstream tools.
 - **Rate view resolution**: use `resolve_rate_view_name()` / `resolve_rate_view_names()` to map symbols and granularities to existing SQLite compatibility views without creating databases. Both accept `None` (or a missing path) and return deterministic default names unless `require_existing=True`.
 - **Rate view loading**: use `load_rate_data()` / `load_rate_data_from_connection()` to load a SQLite rate table or view into a `DatetimeIndex` DataFrame.
 - **Multi-series rate loading**: use `build_rate_targets()` to build neutral `RateTarget(symbol, timeframe)` pairs, `resolve_rate_tables()` to map them to table/view names (pass `require_existing=True` for strict resolution), and `load_rate_series_from_sqlite()` to load them into a mapping keyed by `(symbol, integer timeframe)`. The loader requires existing managed views unless `explicit_tables` is supplied, and rejects duplicate `(symbol, timeframe)` targets.
-- **Multi-account latest rates**: use `collect_latest_rates_for_accounts()` with `AccountSpec` to read the latest bars for several account groups, merged into a `(symbol, integer timeframe)` mapping.
-- **MT5 session helper**: use the `mt5_session()` context manager to attach to (or, when `Mt5Config.path` is set, launch) an MT5 terminal, log in, and yield a connected `Mt5CliClient` that shuts down on exit.
+- **Multi-account latest rates**: use `collect_latest_rates_for_accounts()` with `AccountSpec` to read the latest bars for several account groups, merged into a `(symbol, integer timeframe)` mapping. For long-running pollers, `collect_latest_rates_for_accounts_with_retries()` adds bounded exponential backoff that retries only recoverable MT5 errors and re-raises once `retry_count` is exhausted.
+- **Latest closed bars**: use `collect_latest_closed_rates_for_accounts()` when downstream logic must exclude the still-forming current bar. It fetches `count + 1` bars at `start_pos=0`, drops the last row with `drop_forming_rate_bar()`, and validates each series is non-empty. `collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity()` returns the same data keyed by `(symbol, granularity_name)` such as `("EURUSD", "M1")`.
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import AccountSpec, collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity
+
+rates = collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity(
+    [AccountSpec(symbols=["EURUSD", "GBPUSD"], login=12345)],
+    ["M1", "H1"],
+    count=500,
+    retry_count=3,
+)
+eurusd_m1 = rates["EURUSD", "M1"]  # closed bars only
+```
+
+- **Credential resolution**: use `resolve_account_spec()` / `resolve_account_specs()` to merge explicit override values over `AccountSpec` fields and expand `${ENV_VAR}` placeholders (via `substitute_env_placeholders()`), raising `ValueError` for missing variables. This keeps secrets out of plan/config files without coupling to any strategy code. For config dicts or nested structures loaded from YAML/TOML, use `substitute_mapping_values(data, keys={"login", "password"})` to expand placeholders only for caller-specified keys — key names are never hard-coded in mt5cli.
+- **Throttled history updates**: use `ThrottledHistoryUpdater` to wrap `update_history()` with a minimum `interval_seconds` between successful runs (monotonic clock). Call `should_update()` / `update(client, symbols)` from an application loop; errors propagate by default, or pass `suppress_errors=True` to swallow recoverable `Mt5*Error`, `sqlite3.Error`, `ValueError`, `OSError`, and MT5 client capability errors for history API methods without advancing the throttle (other `AttributeError` / `TypeError` values always propagate). Pass `update_backend` to inject a custom history update callable (same keyword arguments as `update_history`) instead of monkey-patching `mt5cli.sdk.update_history`.
+- **Trading session helpers**: use `mt5_trading_session()` for a trading-capable client that initializes/logs in via `Mt5Config.path` and always shuts down safely. Pair with `detect_position_side()`, `calculate_margin_and_volume()`, and `determine_order_limits()` for generic position and sizing utilities. Keep read-only collection on `mt5_session()` / `MT5Client`.
+- **Granularity-keyed rate loading**: `load_rate_series_by_granularity()` builds targets with `build_rate_targets()`, loads them with `load_rate_series_from_sqlite()`, and returns a mapping keyed by `(symbol | None, granularity_name)` such as `("EURUSD", "M1")` to reduce downstream boilerplate.
+- **MT5 session helper**: use the `mt5_session()` context manager to attach to (or, when `Mt5Config.path` is set, launch) an MT5 terminal, log in, and yield a connected `MT5Client` that shuts down on exit.
 - **SQLite export helpers**: use `export_dataframe_to_sqlite()` for append mode, optional index export, and post-write deduplication by key columns.
 - **Recent ticks and margins**: `recent_ticks()` and `minimum_margins()` SDK helpers (and matching CLI commands) cover common downstream read-only queries.
 
@@ -147,6 +394,63 @@ update_history_with_config(
 - Windows OS (MetaTrader 5 requirement)
 - MetaTrader 5 platform installed
 
+### Migration note for downstream trading apps
+
+Replace local MT5 lifecycle and trading helper code with mt5cli imports:
+
+```python
+# Before (local application helpers)
+# with local_mt5_trading_session(config) as client:
+#     side = local_detect_position_side(client, symbol)
+#     sizing = local_calculate_margin_and_volume(client, symbol, unit_ratio, preserved_ratio)
+#     limits = local_determine_order_limits(client, symbol, side, sl_ratio, tp_ratio)
+
+# After (mt5cli shared layer)
+from pdmt5 import Mt5Config
+from mt5cli import (
+    calculate_margin_and_volume,
+    detect_position_side,
+    determine_order_limits,
+    mt5_trading_session,
+)
+
+with mt5_trading_session(
+    Mt5Config(path=terminal_path, login=login), retry_count=2
+) as client:
+    side = detect_position_side(client, symbol)
+    sizing = calculate_margin_and_volume(
+        client, symbol, unit_margin_ratio=0.5, preserved_margin_ratio=0.2
+    )
+    if side is not None:
+        limits = determine_order_limits(
+            client,
+            symbol,
+            side,
+            stop_loss_limit_ratio=0.01,
+            take_profit_limit_ratio=0.02,
+        )
+```
+
+Throttled history updates use a separate read-only session:
+
+```python
+from pdmt5 import Mt5Config, Mt5DataClient
+
+from mt5cli import ThrottledHistoryUpdater
+
+updater = ThrottledHistoryUpdater(
+    output="history.db", interval_seconds=60, suppress_errors=True
+)
+client = Mt5DataClient(config=Mt5Config(login=login))
+client.initialize_and_login_mt5()
+try:
+    updater.update(client, ["EURUSD"])
+finally:
+    client.shutdown()
+```
+
+Read-only collectors can keep using `mt5_session()` and `MT5Client`.
+
 ## Development
 
 ```bash

docs/api/client.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Client
+
+::: mt5cli.client

docs/api/converters.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Converters
+
+::: mt5cli.converters

docs/api/exceptions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Exceptions
+
+::: mt5cli.exceptions

docs/api/grafana.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Grafana
+
+::: mt5cli.grafana
+
+## Grafana-ready SQLite workflow
+
+Use `ensure_grafana_schema(conn)` or the `grafana-schema` CLI command to create
+the snapshot tables, `grafana_*` views, and supporting indexes in one step.
+
+`publish_grafana_copy(source, target)` creates a consistent SQLite copy via the
+SQLite backup API, which is useful when the primary database is running in WAL
+mode and Grafana should read from a separate published file.
+
+## Main APIs
+
+- `ensure_grafana_schema()`: idempotently creates snapshot tables, Grafana
+  views, and indexes.
+- `create_grafana_views()`: rebuilds the shipped `grafana_*` views.
+- `create_grafana_indexes()`: creates read-oriented indexes for Grafana
+  queries.
+- `publish_grafana_copy()`: writes an atomic, WAL-safe published copy for a
+  Grafana datasource.
+
+For end-to-end snapshot collection examples, see the Grafana and observability
+section in the project `README.md`.

docs/api/history.md

@@ -167,19 +167,47 @@ Resolution rules:
 
 ### Rate data loading
 
-Use `load_rate_data()` to load a table or view from a SQLite path, or
-`load_rate_data_from_connection()` when you already have a connection:
+The canonical normalized rate table is `rates`; compatibility views are named
+with `rate_<symbol>__<timeframe>` for single-timeframe symbols or
+`rate_<symbol>__<granularity>_<timeframe>` when a symbol has multiple stored
+timeframes. `resolve_rate_table_name()` returns `rates`, while
+`resolve_rate_view_name()` returns the per-symbol compatibility view name.
+
+Use `load_rate_data()` or `load_rate_series_from_sqlite(..., table=...)` to load
+a single table or view from a SQLite path. Use
+`load_rate_series_by_granularity()` to load multiple instrument/granularity
+targets without hard-coding view names:
 
 ```python
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from mt5cli import load_rate_data
-from mt5cli.history import resolve_rate_view_name
+from mt5cli import (
+    load_rate_series_by_granularity,
+    load_rate_series_from_sqlite,
+)
+from mt5cli.history import (
+    load_rate_data,
+    resolve_rate_table_name,
+    resolve_rate_view_name,
+)
 
 view = resolve_rate_view_name(Path("history.db"), "EURUSD", "M1", require_existing=True)
 rates = load_rate_data(Path("history.db"), view, count=1000)
+same_rates = load_rate_series_from_sqlite(Path("history.db"), table=view, count=1000)
+
+table = resolve_rate_table_name("EURUSD", "M1")  # "rates"
+series = load_rate_series_by_granularity(
+    Path("history.db"),
+    symbols=["EURUSD", "GBPUSD"],
+    granularities=["M1", "H1"],
+    count=500,
+)
 ```
 
+`count` returns the latest rows while preserving chronological order. Missing
+tables/views and mismatched `explicit_tables` lengths raise `ValueError` with
+the requested database target in the message.
+
 The loader accepts close-based OHLC rate data or tick-like bid/ask data. It
 validates that `time` exists, parses timestamps with pandas, and returns a
 DataFrame indexed by ascending `DatetimeIndex` named `time`.
@@ -215,3 +243,15 @@ frame = series["EURUSD", 1]  # keyed by (symbol, integer timeframe)
   requires existing managed `rate_*` compatibility views and raises
   `ValueError` when they are missing. Duplicate `(symbol, timeframe)` targets
   are rejected.
+- `load_rate_series_by_granularity()` is a thin wrapper that builds the targets,
+  loads the series, and rekeys the result by granularity name to avoid
+  converting integer timeframes downstream:
+
+  ```python
+  from mt5cli import load_rate_series_by_granularity
+
+  series = load_rate_series_by_granularity(
+      "history.db", ["EURUSD"], ["M1", "H1"], count=1000
+  )
+  frame = series["EURUSD", "M1"]  # keyed by (symbol | None, granularity_name)
+  ```

docs/api/index.md

@@ -1,120 +1,61 @@
 # API Reference
 
-This section contains the complete API documentation for mt5cli.
+This section documents the mt5cli public Python API and CLI modules.
 
-## Modules
+Start with the [Public API Contract](public-contract.md) for the stable
+downstream SDK surface, CLI boundary, internal modules, and out-of-scope strategy
+responsibilities.
 
-The mt5cli package consists of the following modules:
+## Public API layers
 
-### [CLI](cli.md)
+| Module                                    | Purpose                                                                   |
+| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [Public API Contract](public-contract.md) | Stable downstream SDK exports, CLI boundary, and out-of-scope items       |
+| [Client](client.md)                       | `MT5Client` session abstraction for data access and order primitives      |
+| [Schemas](schemas.md)                     | Canonical DataFrame contracts and normalization helpers                   |
+| [Converters](converters.md)               | Symbol, timeframe, timezone, and date-range utilities                     |
+| [Exceptions](exceptions.md)               | Stable mt5cli exception types and MT5 error normalization                 |
+| [SDK](sdk.md)                             | Module-level fetch helpers, multi-account collectors, incremental history |
+| [Trading](trading.md)                     | Trading-capable sessions and operational helpers                          |
+| [History Collection (SQLite)](history.md) | SQLite schema, incremental writes, dedup, and rate views                  |
+| [Telemetry](telemetry.md)                 | OpenTelemetry metrics setup, meters, and emitted metric names             |
+| [Grafana](grafana.md)                     | Grafana-ready SQLite schema, views, snapshots, and published copies       |
+| [CLI](cli.md)                             | Typer commands that delegate to the Python API                            |
+| [Utils](utils.md)                         | Parsing helpers and Click parameter types                                 |
 
-Command-line interface module providing typer-based commands for exporting MetaTrader 5 data to CSV, JSON, Parquet, and SQLite3 formats.
+## Architecture overview
 
-### [Utils](utils.md)
-
-Utility module providing constants, enums, Click parameter types, and helper functions for parsing and exporting data.
-
-### [SDK](sdk.md)
-
-Programmatic SDK for read-only MetaTrader 5 data collection. Returns pandas DataFrames and provides `collect_history` for SQLite bulk collection.
-
-### [History Collection (SQLite)](history.md)
-
-SQLite storage helpers for the `collect-history` command schema, incremental updates, deduplication, indexes, and optional views.
-
-## Architecture Overview
-
-The package follows a simple architecture built on top of pdmt5:
-
-1. **CLI Layer** (`cli.py`): Typer application with subcommands that delegate to the SDK and export results.
-2. **SDK Layer** (`sdk.py`): Read-only data access functions, `Mt5CliClient`, and `collect_history` orchestration.
-3. **Utils Layer** (`utils.py`): Constants, enums, custom Click parameter types, parsing helpers, and format detection/export utilities.
-4. **Data Layer** (via `pdmt5`): Uses `Mt5DataClient` and `Mt5Config` from the pdmt5 package for all MetaTrader 5 data access.
-
-## Usage Guidelines
-
-All modules follow these conventions:
-
-- **Type Safety**: All functions include comprehensive type hints
-- **Error Handling**: User-friendly error messages via typer
-- **Documentation**: Google-style docstrings with examples
-- **Validation**: Custom Click parameter types for input validation
-
-## Quick Start
-
-```bash
-# Export account information to CSV
-mt5cli -o account.csv account-info
-
-# Export EURUSD H1 rates to Parquet
-mt5cli -o rates.parquet rates-from --symbol EURUSD --timeframe H1 \
-  --date-from 2024-01-01 --count 1000
-
-# Export ticks to JSON
-mt5cli -o ticks.json ticks-from --symbol EURUSD \
-  --date-from 2024-01-01 --count 500 --flags ALL
-
-# Export to SQLite3 with custom table name
-mt5cli -o data.db --table symbols symbols --group "*USD*"
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    App["Downstream application"] --> Client["MT5Client"]
+    CLI["mt5cli CLI"] --> Client
+    Client --> SDK["sdk / pdmt5"]
+    Client --> Schemas["schemas"]
+    History["history SQLite"] --> Utils["utils export"]
+    SDK --> PDMT5["pdmt5.Mt5DataClient"]
 ```
 
-## Python API
+Downstream packages should depend on the package root exports documented in the
+[Public API Contract](public-contract.md) (`MT5Client`,
+`collect_history`, `load_rate_series_from_sqlite`, etc.) rather than private
+modules. Lower-level helpers are accessible directly from their owning modules.
+
+`MT5Client.order_send()` is a live execution primitive that can place real trades. mt5cli exposes minimal execution helpers only; strategy logic, signals, backtests, and optimization remain out of scope and must be implemented downstream with explicit execution gating.
+
+## Quick start
 
 ```python
-from datetime import UTC, datetime
-from pathlib import Path
+from mt5cli import MT5Client, build_config, mt5_session
 
-from mt5cli import (
-    Dataset,
-    IfExists,
-    Mt5CliClient,
-    collect_history,
-    copy_rates_range,
-    detect_format,
-    export_dataframe,
-    export_dataframe_to_sqlite,
-    minimum_margins,
-    recent_ticks,
-)
-from mt5cli.history import resolve_rate_view_name
-
-# Fetch rates programmatically
-rates = copy_rates_range(
-    "EURUSD",
-    timeframe="H1",
-    date_from="2024-01-01",
-    date_to="2024-02-01",
-)
-
-# Detect output format from file extension
-fmt = detect_format(Path("output.parquet"))  # Returns "parquet"
-
-# Export a DataFrame
-export_dataframe(rates, Path("output.csv"), "csv")
-
-# Append to SQLite with deduplication
-export_dataframe_to_sqlite(
-    rates,
-    Path("history.db"),
-    "rates",
-    if_exists=IfExists.APPEND,
-    deduplicate_on=("symbol", "timeframe", "time"),
-)
-
-# Resolve rate compatibility views and fetch recent ticks
-view = resolve_rate_view_name(Path("history.db"), "EURUSD", "M1")
-ticks = recent_ticks("EURUSD", seconds=300)
-margins = minimum_margins("EURUSD")
-
-# Collect history into SQLite
-collect_history(
-    Path("history.db"),
-    symbols=["EURUSD"],
-    date_from=datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC),
-    date_to=datetime(2024, 2, 1, tzinfo=UTC),
-)
+with mt5_session(build_config(login=12345)) as client:
+    rates = client.copy_rates_range("EURUSD", "H1", "2024-01-01", "2024-02-01")
+    positions = client.positions()
 ```
 
-## Examples
+```bash
+mt5cli -o account.csv account-info
+mt5cli -o rates.parquet rates-range --symbol EURUSD --timeframe H1 \
+  --date-from 2024-01-01 --date-to 2024-02-01
+```
 
-See individual module pages for detailed usage examples and code samples.
+See individual module pages for detailed usage examples.

docs/api/public-contract.md

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+# Public API Contract
+
+mt5cli is the canonical operational trading SDK and CLI/batch layer over pdmt5.
+The intended dependency direction is:
+
+```text
+downstream app -> mt5cli -> pdmt5 -> MetaTrader 5
+```
+
+## Responsibility boundary
+
+| Layer          | Owns                                                                                                                                                                               |
+| -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **pdmt5**      | MT5 core wrapper; DataFrame/dict conversion; canonical MT5 constants and parsers; direct low-level order primitives                                                                |
+| **mt5cli**     | CLI/batch workflows; SQLite history collection; normalized datasets; closed-bar helpers; small downstream operational SDK; generic broker-facing margin/volume/order orchestration |
+| **downstream** | Strategy logic; signals; risk policy; backtesting; optimization; YAML/application semantics                                                                                        |
+
+Downstream code should import raw pdmt5 types and constants (such as
+`Mt5Config`, `Mt5RuntimeError`, `TIMEFRAME_MAP`, `COPY_TICKS_MAP`) directly
+from `pdmt5` when needed. mt5cli does not serve as a pass-through compatibility
+namespace for pdmt5. mt5cli's trading helpers type their client parameter against
+an internal protocol backed by `pdmt5.Mt5DataClient`; `Mt5TradingClient` is no
+longer required. `pdmt5.Mt5TradingError` was removed upstream in pdmt5 1.0.4;
+mt5cli raises `Mt5OperationError` for all trading-related failures.
+
+Note: the former `mt5cli` re-export `TICK_FLAG_MAP` corresponds to `COPY_TICKS_MAP`
+in pdmt5 — the name changed, it was not simply moved.
+
+Downstream packages should import from the package root (`from mt5cli import
+...`). The contract set `STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS` in `mt5cli.contract` enumerates
+every package-root symbol. Lower-level helpers (schema utilities, export
+functions, parser helpers, low-level MT5 wrappers) are available directly from
+their owning modules (`mt5cli.schemas`, `mt5cli.utils`, `mt5cli.converters`,
+`mt5cli.sdk`, etc.) and are not part of the root SDK surface.
+
+## Stable downstream SDK API
+
+These names are exported from `mt5cli` and enumerated in
+`mt5cli.STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS` (defined in `mt5cli.contract`).
+
+### Session lifecycle and configuration
+
+| Symbol                                          | Role                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+| ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `MT5Client`                                     | Read-only data client with optional `order_check` / `order_send`                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+| `build_config`                                  | Build `pdmt5.Mt5Config` from connection fields; `login` accepts `int \| str \| None` — numeric strings are coerced to `int`, blank strings are treated as unset, and `${ENV_VAR}` / `$ENV_NAME` placeholders in string parameters are expanded when `allow_whole_dollar_env=True` |
+| `mt5_session`                                   | Context manager: initialize, login, yield client, shutdown                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+| `create_trading_client`, `mt5_trading_session`  | Trading-capable MT5 client lifecycle; returns a raw `pdmt5.Mt5DataClient` (not `MT5Client`) supporting order execution, account management, and history deal retrieval                                                                                                            |
+| `AccountSpec`                                   | Generic account group: symbols plus optional credentials                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| `resolve_account_spec`, `resolve_account_specs` | Merge overrides and expand `${ENV_VAR}` placeholders; opt-in `allow_whole_dollar_env` for bare `$NAME`                                                                                                                                                                            |
+
+### Closed-bar rate helpers
+
+MetaTrader 5 returns the still-forming bar as the last row when
+`start_pos=0`. Use these helpers instead of reimplementing bar trimming or
+timestamp normalization in downstream apps.
+
+| Symbol                                           | Role                                                                            |
+| ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `drop_forming_rate_bar`                          | Remove the last row from chronologically ordered rate data                      |
+| `fetch_latest_closed_rates`                      | Single connected client: fetch `count + 1`, drop forming bar                    |
+| `fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client`   | Closed bars from an active trading client session; returns RangeIndex           |
+| `fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed`              | Same as above but returns a UTC `DatetimeIndex` named `"time"` (no time column) |
+| `collect_latest_closed_rates_for_accounts`       | Multi-account closed bars with optional retry wrapper                           |
+| `collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity`     | Same data keyed by `(symbol, granularity_name)`                                 |
+| `collect_latest_rates_for_accounts_with_retries` | Bounded exponential backoff for transient MT5 errors                            |
+
+### SQLite history collection and rate loading
+
+| Symbol                                                            | Role                                                                                         |
+| ----------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `collect_history`                                                 | One-shot date-range export into SQLite                                                       |
+| `report_rate_gaps`                                                | SQLite-only one-row-per-gap report for a rate table or compatibility view                    |
+| `update_history`, `update_history_with_config`                    | Incremental append from `MAX(time)` cursors                                                  |
+| `ThrottledHistoryUpdater`                                         | Minimum interval between successful incremental updates; optional `update_backend` injection |
+| `RateTarget`, `build_rate_targets`                                | Neutral `(symbol, timeframe)` series descriptors                                             |
+| `load_rate_series_from_sqlite`, `load_rate_series_by_granularity` | Load one or many series; fail clearly when managed views are missing                         |
+
+See [History Collection (SQLite)](history.md) for schema, view naming, and ER
+diagrams.
+
+### Trading and sizing primitives (generic)
+
+These helpers implement broker-facing calculations only. They do not encode
+strategy entries, exits, Kelly sizing, or signal logic.
+
+| Symbol                                                                                                                         | Role                                                              |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `get_account_snapshot`, `get_symbol_snapshot`, `get_tick_snapshot`, `get_positions_frame`                                      | Normalized account/symbol/tick/position views                     |
+| `extract_tick_price`                                                                                                           | Positive finite bid/ask extraction from tick mappings             |
+| `detect_position_side`                                                                                                         | Net long / short / flat from open positions                       |
+| `calculate_spread_ratio`                                                                                                       | Relative bid-ask spread                                           |
+| `calculate_margin_and_volume`, `calculate_volume_by_margin`, `calculate_new_position_margin_ratio`                             | Margin budget and volume sizing                                   |
+| `normalize_order_volume`, `estimate_order_margin`, `calculate_positions_margin`                                                | Broker volume normalization and margin totals                     |
+| `calculate_positions_margin_by_symbol`                                                                                         | Per-symbol margin map (resilient, first-seen order)               |
+| `calculate_positions_margin_safe`                                                                                              | Summed total margin across symbols (failed symbols skipped)       |
+| `calculate_projected_margin_ratio`                                                                                             | Estimated symbol-scoped margin/equity after optional new exposure |
+| `calculate_account_projected_margin_ratio`                                                                                     | Account snapshot margin/equity after optional new exposure        |
+| `calculate_symbol_group_margin_ratio`                                                                                          | Estimated symbol-group margin/equity with optional exposure       |
+| `determine_order_limits`                                                                                                       | SL/TP price levels from ratios                                    |
+| `calculate_trailing_stop_updates`                                                                                              | Per-ticket generic trailing stop-loss update plan                 |
+| `resolve_broker_filling_mode`                                                                                                  | Broker-supported filling-mode selection helper                    |
+| `ensure_symbol_selected`                                                                                                       | Select/verify Market Watch visibility                             |
+| `fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client`                                                                                | Recent deal history from a connected trading client               |
+| `place_market_order`, `close_open_positions`, `update_sltp_for_open_positions`, `update_trailing_stop_loss_for_open_positions` | Order execution helpers (`dry_run` supported)                     |
+| `MarginVolume`, `OrderLimits`, `OrderExecutionResult`                                                                          | Typed return contracts for order helpers                          |
+| `OrderSide`, `OrderFillingMode`, `OrderTimeMode`, `PositionSide`, `ExecutionStatus`                                            | Typed enums for order helpers                                     |
+| `ProjectionMode`                                                                                                               | Literal type for `calculate_symbol_group_margin_ratio` projection |
+
+`calculate_symbol_group_margin_ratio` accepts an optional `projection_mode`
+parameter (`"add"` by default). Pass `projection_mode="replace_symbol"` to
+subtract current exposure for `new_symbol` before adding the candidate margin —
+useful for reversal-style projections. mt5cli only calculates broker-facing
+exposure; downstream applications own thresholds, risk guard actions, and
+strategy policy.
+
+`MT5Client.order_send()` and CLI `order-send --yes` are live execution paths.
+
+Order helpers validate broker stop-level distance in `determine_order_limits()` and
+raise `Mt5OperationError` when computed SL/TP prices are too close to the entry
+quote. Validation uses `trade_stops_level * point` from the current quote and
+symbol metadata as a pre-check only; it does not guarantee live order acceptance
+after price movement and does not inspect `trade_freeze_level`. Live
+`place_market_order()` and SL/TP updates call
+`ensure_symbol_selected()` so hidden symbols are added to Market Watch before
+sending requests. Failed, malformed, or unknown broker retcodes are fail-closed
+and returned as `status="failed"` with normalized `request` / `response` details;
+`dry_run=True` never calls `ensure_symbol_selected()` or `order_send()`.
+
+### Grafana observability (SQLite read model)
+
+These helpers prepare a SQLite database as a Grafana datasource. All DDL is
+idempotent (`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS`, `DROP VIEW IF EXISTS` + `CREATE
+VIEW`, `CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS`). Missing source tables are skipped with a
+warning rather than raising an error.
+
+| Symbol                             | Role                                                                                            |
+| ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `update_observability`             | Append one timestamped snapshot row per data type; accepts an already-connected `Mt5DataClient` |
+| `update_observability_with_config` | Standalone wrapper: opens/closes MT5 connection automatically around `update_observability`     |
+
+Both functions write to the SQLite path given by `output=`. The optional
+`symbols` parameter filters `positions_get` / `orders_get` by symbol.
+`with_grafana_schema=False` (default) skips Grafana view/index setup; run
+`grafana-schema` once to set up the schema, then call `snapshot` repeatedly
+without this flag.
+
+**Snapshot tables** (created by `create_snapshot_tables` in `mt5cli.grafana`):
+
+| Table                | Content                                   |
+| -------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
+| `account_snapshots`  | Balance, equity, margin, free-margin, P&L |
+| `position_snapshots` | Open positions: symbol, volume, profit, … |
+| `order_snapshots`    | Active orders: symbol, type, price, …     |
+| `terminal_snapshots` | Terminal connectivity and build info      |
+| `snapshot_runs`      | Per-run status (`ok` / `error`) timestamp |
+
+**Grafana time-series views** (integer epoch-second `time` column; snapshot views also expose `run_id`):
+
+| View                         | Source                           |
+| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
+| `grafana_rates`              | `rates` table                    |
+| `grafana_ticks`              | `ticks` table                    |
+| `grafana_history_deals`      | `history_deals`                  |
+| `grafana_history_orders`     | `history_orders`                 |
+| `grafana_trade_deals`        | `history_deals` trade types only |
+| `grafana_cash_events`        | `history_deals` non-trade events |
+| `grafana_symbol_pnl`         | Per-close-deal P&L per symbol    |
+| `grafana_account_snapshots`  | `account_snapshots`              |
+| `grafana_position_snapshots` | `position_snapshots`             |
+| `grafana_order_snapshots`    | `order_snapshots`                |
+| `grafana_terminal_snapshots` | `terminal_snapshots`             |
+
+**Grafana static summary views** (no `time` column; use for table/stat panels, not time-series):
+
+| View                   | Source                                |
+| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
+| `grafana_realized_pnl` | Cumulative realized PnL per symbol    |
+| `grafana_trade_stats`  | Win/loss counts and profit per symbol |
+
+Lower-level helpers (`ensure_grafana_schema`, `create_grafana_views`,
+`create_grafana_indexes`, `create_snapshot_tables`, `start_snapshot_run`,
+`insert_account_snapshot`, `insert_position_snapshots`, `insert_order_snapshots`,
+`insert_terminal_snapshot`, `record_snapshot_run`) are available directly from
+`mt5cli.grafana` and are not part of the package-root stable surface.
+
+### Errors
+
+| Symbol                                                                     | Role                          |
+| -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
+| `Mt5CliError`, `Mt5ConnectionError`, `Mt5OperationError`, `Mt5SchemaError` | Stable mt5cli exception types |
+
+## Module-scoped helpers
+
+Lower-level helpers are available from their owning modules and are not part
+of the package-root stable surface. Import them directly when needed:
+
+| Module              | Examples                                                                                                                                                                    |
+| ------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `mt5cli.grafana`    | `ensure_grafana_schema`, `create_grafana_views`, `create_grafana_indexes`, `create_snapshot_tables`, `start_snapshot_run`, `insert_account_snapshot`, `record_snapshot_run` |
+| `mt5cli.history`    | `resolve_rate_view_name`, `resolve_rate_tables`, `load_rate_data`, `build_rate_view_name`                                                                                   |
+| `mt5cli.sdk`        | `copy_rates_from`, `copy_ticks_from`, `account_info`, `symbols`, `mt5_summary`, `latest_rates`                                                                              |
+| `mt5cli.schemas`    | `DataKind`, `normalize_dataframe`, `validate_schema`, `DEDUP_KEYS`                                                                                                          |
+| `mt5cli.utils`      | `Dataset`, `IfExists`, `detect_format`, `export_dataframe`, `export_dataframe_to_sqlite`                                                                                    |
+| `mt5cli.converters` | `normalize_symbol`, `ensure_utc`, `parse_date_range`, `granularity_name`                                                                                                    |
+| `mt5cli.exceptions` | `normalize_mt5_exception`, `call_with_normalized_errors`, `is_recoverable_mt5_error`                                                                                        |
+
+## CLI commands
+
+The Typer application in `mt5cli.cli` exposes file-export commands documented in
+[CLI Module](cli.md) and the project README. CLI commands:
+
+- Require `-o/--output` and write CSV, JSON, Parquet, or SQLite.
+- Accept global MT5 connection options (`--login`, `--password`, `--server`,
+  `--path`, `--timeout`).
+- Resolve unset CLI connection options from `MT5_LOGIN`, `MT5_PASSWORD`,
+  `MT5_SERVER`, and `MT5_PATH`, and expand `${ENV_VAR}` placeholders in CLI
+  string fields before building the MT5 config.
+- Delegate to the same Python APIs described here; they are not duplicated
+  business logic.
+
+`grafana-schema` initializes Grafana views, indexes, and snapshot tables in the
+target SQLite database without connecting to MT5. It is idempotent and safe to
+run repeatedly.
+
+`snapshot` appends one timestamped row per enabled data type
+(`--with-account`, `--with-positions`, `--with-orders`, `--with-terminal`) and
+never places orders or modifies trading state. Both commands require
+`-o/--output` to point at a `.db` / SQLite file.
+
+`order-send` is the expert raw-request path; it requires `--yes` and a fully
+constructed request payload. `close-positions` is the safer high-level helper
+that closes open positions by `--symbol` or `--ticket` using
+`close_open_positions()`. Both `order-send --yes` and `close-positions --yes`
+are live execution paths. `close-positions --dry-run` previews close orders
+without placing them and does not require `--yes`. `close-positions` also
+accepts optional `--deviation`, `--comment`, and `--magic`; `--magic` scopes
+the selected open positions fail-closed when position magic metadata is absent.
+
+`history-gaps` reads an existing SQLite history database and exports one row
+per detected gap from managed rate compatibility views. It never initializes
+MT5. Pass `--granularity-seconds` for custom tables or views whose bar spacing
+cannot be inferred from the name.
+
+## Internal helpers (not stable)
+
+Do not import these for downstream contracts; they may change without a semver
+notice:
+
+| Module                   | Examples                                                                  |
+| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `mt5cli.sdk`             | `connected_client`, `_run_with_client`, private coercion helpers          |
+| `mt5cli.history`         | `write_*_dataset`, `deduplicate_history_tables`, `parse_sqlite_timestamp` |
+| `mt5cli.retry`           | `retry_with_backoff`                                                      |
+| `mt5cli.cli`             | Typer command handlers and Click parameter types                          |
+| Leading-underscore names | Any `_`-prefixed function or method                                       |
+
+Use the package-root stable exports instead of reaching into submodule
+internals.
+
+## Explicitly out of scope
+
+mt5cli must **not** implement downstream strategy or research responsibilities.
+The following belong in consuming applications, not in mt5cli:
+
+- Signal detection (for example AR-GARCH or other model-specific triggers)
+- Backtesting, walk-forward analysis, or parameter optimization
+- Strategy-specific risk policy, position sizing systems, or Kelly fractions
+- Entry/exit decision logic or YAML strategy semantics
+- Entry-deal classification, Kelly fractions, or betting-specific deal transformations
+  (use `fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client` to retrieve raw deal data, then
+  apply downstream transformations in your own adapter layer)
+- Application-specific credential schema keys wired into mt5cli internals
+
+mt5cli provides connection lifecycle, normalized data access, SQLite history
+machinery, closed-bar helpers, generic margin/volume/spread/SL/TP utilities, and
+optional order primitives so downstream apps can focus on strategy code behind
+their own adapter layer.
+
+## Contract verification
+
+`tests/test_contracts.py` asserts that every name in `STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS` is
+importable from `mt5cli`, that all package-root exports are covered by the
+stable set, and documents key closed-bar, SQLite loading, account-resolution,
+and trading-session behaviors.

docs/api/schemas.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Schemas
+
+::: mt5cli.schemas

docs/api/sdk.md

@@ -1,3 +1,176 @@
 # SDK Module
 
 ::: mt5cli.sdk
+
+## Resilient multi-account orchestration
+
+The SDK ships strategy-agnostic helpers for building long-running collectors on
+top of the read-only client. None of them depend on a particular trading
+application.
+
+### Retrying transient rate collection
+
+`collect_latest_rates_for_accounts_with_retries()` wraps
+`collect_latest_rates_for_accounts()` with bounded exponential backoff. Only
+`pdmt5.Mt5RuntimeError` is retried; the final failure is re-raised once
+`retry_count` is exhausted.
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import AccountSpec, collect_latest_rates_for_accounts_with_retries
+
+accounts = [AccountSpec(symbols=["EURUSD"], login=12345)]
+rates = collect_latest_rates_for_accounts_with_retries(
+    accounts,
+    ["M1", "H1"],
+    count=500,
+    retry_count=3,
+    backoff_base=2,  # sleeps 2s, 4s, 8s between attempts
+)
+```
+
+### Latest closed rate bars
+
+MetaTrader 5 `start_pos=0` includes the still-forming current bar as the last
+row. `fetch_latest_closed_rates()` handles one connected `MT5Client`; use
+`fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client()` from an active trading
+session created by `create_trading_client()`. Multi-account helpers fetch
+`count + 1` bars, drop
+that row with `drop_forming_rate_bar()`, and validate each series is non-empty. Returned frames are ordered
+oldest-to-newest and may contain fewer than `count` rows only when MT5 returns
+fewer closed bars.
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import (
+    AccountSpec,
+    collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity,
+    fetch_latest_closed_rates,
+)
+
+closed = fetch_latest_closed_rates(
+    client,
+    symbol="EURUSD",
+    granularity="M1",
+    count=500,
+)
+
+rates = collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity(
+    [AccountSpec(symbols=["EURUSD"], login=12345)],
+    ["M1", "H1"],
+    count=500,
+    retry_count=3,
+)
+closed_m1 = rates["EURUSD", "M1"]
+```
+
+Use `collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity()` when callers prefer keys such
+as `("EURUSD", "M1")` instead of integer timeframes.
+
+### Resolving credentials and `${ENV_VAR}` placeholders
+
+`resolve_account_spec()` / `resolve_account_specs()` merge explicit override
+values over `AccountSpec` fields and expand `${ENV_VAR}` placeholders, keeping
+secrets out of plan/config files. A missing environment variable raises
+`ValueError`.
+
+```python
+import os
+
+from mt5cli import AccountSpec, resolve_account_specs
+
+os.environ["MT5_LOGIN"] = "12345"
+os.environ["MT5_PASSWORD"] = "secret"
+accounts = [
+    AccountSpec(symbols=["EURUSD"], login="${MT5_LOGIN}", password="${MT5_PASSWORD}")
+]
+
+resolved = resolve_account_specs(accounts, server="Broker-Demo")
+# resolved[0].login == "12345", resolved[0].server == "Broker-Demo"
+```
+
+Pass `allow_whole_dollar_env=True` to also expand strings whose **entire value**
+is a bare `$ENV_NAME` identifier (no braces). This opt-in covers
+`substitute_env_placeholders()`, `resolve_account_spec()`,
+`resolve_account_specs()`, and `build_config()`. Note: `build_config` cannot
+expand `login` because that parameter is `int | None`; use
+`resolve_account_spec` for a string `login` placeholder. Partial strings such as
+`"plan$pass"`, `"abc$ENV"`, or `"$ENV-suffix"` are never expanded — only an
+exact `$IDENTIFIER` whole-string match qualifies. The default is `False` to
+preserve backward compatibility.
+
+```python
+import os
+
+from mt5cli import AccountSpec, resolve_account_specs
+
+os.environ["MT5_PASSWORD"] = "secret"
+accounts = [AccountSpec(symbols=["EURUSD"], password="$MT5_PASSWORD")]
+
+resolved = resolve_account_specs(accounts, allow_whole_dollar_env=True)
+# resolved[0].password == "secret"
+```
+
+### Throttled incremental history updates
+
+`ThrottledHistoryUpdater` wraps `update_history()` with a minimum interval
+between successful runs (using a monotonic clock), so an application loop can
+call it every iteration without over-fetching.
+
+```python
+from pdmt5 import Mt5Config, Mt5DataClient
+
+from mt5cli import ThrottledHistoryUpdater
+from mt5cli.utils import Dataset
+
+updater = ThrottledHistoryUpdater(
+    output="history.db",
+    datasets={Dataset.rates},
+    timeframes=["M1"],
+    interval_seconds=60,  # <= 0 updates on every call
+)
+
+client = Mt5DataClient(config=Mt5Config(login=12345))
+client.initialize_and_login_mt5()
+try:
+    while True:
+        updater.update(client, ["EURUSD", "GBPUSD"])  # no-op until 60s elapse
+        # ... do other work; break when shutting down ...
+finally:
+    client.shutdown()
+```
+
+Pass `update_backend` to substitute the default `update_history` implementation
+without monkey-patching `mt5cli.sdk.update_history`. The callable receives the
+same keyword arguments as `update_history` (`client`, `output`, `symbols`,
+`datasets`, `timeframes`, `flags`, `lookback_hours`, `with_views`,
+`include_account_events`). The resolved backend is stored on
+`updater.update_backend` for inspection or subclassing.
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import ThrottledHistoryUpdater, update_history
+
+
+def app_update_history(**kwargs) -> None:
+    update_history(**kwargs)  # or delegate to application-specific logic
+
+
+updater = ThrottledHistoryUpdater(
+    output="history.db",
+    interval_seconds=60,
+    update_backend=app_update_history,
+)
+```
+
+By default recoverable errors (`Mt5TradingError`, `Mt5RuntimeError`,
+`sqlite3.Error`, `ValueError`, `OSError`, and MT5 client capability
+`AttributeError` / `TypeError` for history API methods) propagate so the caller
+controls logging; pass `suppress_errors=True` to swallow them and return
+`False` without advancing the throttle. Other `AttributeError` / `TypeError`
+values always propagate. Input validation (`_resolve_update_history_request`)
+runs before any MT5 or SQLite calls, but when `suppress_errors=True` the
+resulting `ValueError` is suppressed along with other recoverable errors.
+
+## Trading-capable sessions
+
+For order placement and trading calculations, use the dedicated
+[Trading module](trading.md). Use `mt5_session()` / `MT5Client` for read-only
+collection.

docs/api/telemetry.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Telemetry
+
+::: mt5cli.telemetry
+
+## Enabling OpenTelemetry metrics
+
+Install the optional exporter dependencies with:
+
+```bash
+uv add 'mt5cli[otel]'
+```
+
+Then enable the default OTLP HTTP pipeline:
+
+```python
+from mt5cli.telemetry import enable_otel_metrics
+
+enable_otel_metrics(service_name="mt5cli")
+```
+
+When `readers=None`, `enable_otel_metrics()` builds a
+`PeriodicExportingMetricReader` backed by the OTLP HTTP exporter and reads the
+endpoint from `OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT`.
+
+If your application already owns an OpenTelemetry `Meter`, wire mt5cli into it
+directly with `configure_metrics(meter)`.
+
+## Emitted metric names
+
+`enable_otel_metrics()` / `configure_metrics()` register these instruments:
+
+- `mt5_history_update_duration_seconds`
+- `mt5_history_update_rows_total`
+- `mt5_history_update_failures_total`
+- `mt5_snapshot_update_duration_seconds`
+- `mt5_snapshot_update_failures_total`
+- `mt5_account_balance`
+- `mt5_account_equity`
+- `mt5_account_margin`
+- `mt5_account_margin_free`
+- `mt5_account_margin_level`
+- `mt5_position_profit`
+- `mt5_position_volume`
+- `mt5_terminal_connected`
+- `mt5_terminal_trade_allowed`
+- `mt5_terminal_trade_expert`
+- `mt5_last_successful_update_timestamp`
+
+The history metrics use a `dataset` attribute. Account and position gauges add
+labels such as `login`, `server`, and `symbol` where applicable.

docs/api/trading.md

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+# Trading Module
+
+::: mt5cli.trading
+
+## Trading-capable MT5 sessions
+
+`create_trading_client()` and `mt5_trading_session()` complement the read-only
+`mt5_session()` helper in `sdk.py`. They return or yield an initialized
+client supporting order execution and account management, use `Mt5Config.path`
+to launch the terminal when configured, and `mt5_trading_session()` always
+calls `shutdown()` on exit.
+
+`create_trading_client()` returns a raw `pdmt5.Mt5DataClient` instance, not the
+higher-level `MT5Client` wrapper. Use `mt5_session()` / `MT5Client` for
+read-only data collection; use `mt5_trading_session()` only where order
+placement or trading calculations are required.
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import create_trading_client, mt5_trading_session
+
+with mt5_trading_session(
+    path=r"C:\Program Files\MetaTrader 5\terminal64.exe",
+    login="12345",
+    password="secret",
+    server="Broker-Demo",
+    retry_count=2,
+) as client:
+    positions = client.positions_get_as_df(symbol="EURUSD")
+
+client = create_trading_client(login=12345, server="Broker-Demo")
+try:
+    account = client.account_info_as_dict()
+finally:
+    client.shutdown()
+```
+
+`login` accepts `int`, numeric `str`, or an empty string; empty strings are
+treated as unset. `path`, `password`, `server`, and `timeout` are forwarded to
+`pdmt5.Mt5Config`, and omitted `timeout` values keep the lower-level default.
+Use `mt5_session()` / `MT5Client` for read-only data collection.
+
+## State and order helpers
+
+These helpers are strategy-agnostic and do not depend on signal detection,
+betting logic, or scheduling code in downstream applications.
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import (
+    calculate_positions_margin,
+    calculate_spread_ratio,
+    calculate_margin_and_volume,
+    close_open_positions,
+    detect_position_side,
+    determine_order_limits,
+    estimate_order_margin,
+    fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client,
+    fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed,
+    get_account_snapshot,
+    get_positions_frame,
+    get_symbol_snapshot,
+    get_tick_snapshot,
+    normalize_order_volume,
+    place_market_order,
+)
+
+account = get_account_snapshot(client)
+symbol = get_symbol_snapshot(client, "EURUSD")
+tick = get_tick_snapshot(client, "EURUSD")
+positions = get_positions_frame(client, "EURUSD")
+side = detect_position_side(client, "EURUSD")
+spread_ratio = calculate_spread_ratio(client, "EURUSD")
+volume = normalize_order_volume(
+    0.15,
+    volume_min=symbol["volume_min"],
+    volume_max=symbol["volume_max"],
+    volume_step=symbol["volume_step"],
+)
+buy_margin = (
+    estimate_order_margin(client, "EURUSD", "BUY", volume) if volume > 0 else 0.0
+)
+open_margin = calculate_positions_margin(client, symbols=["EURUSD"])
+closed_bars = fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client(
+    client,
+    symbol="EURUSD",
+    granularity="M1",
+    count=100,
+)
+# Or fetch with a UTC DatetimeIndex instead of a "time" column:
+indexed_bars = fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed(
+    client,
+    symbol="EURUSD",
+    granularity="M1",
+    count=100,
+)
+# indexed_bars.index is a UTC-aware DatetimeIndex named "time"
+sizing = calculate_margin_and_volume(
+    client,
+    "EURUSD",
+    unit_margin_ratio=0.5,
+    preserved_margin_ratio=0.2,
+)
+limits = determine_order_limits(
+    client,
+    "EURUSD",
+    side="long",
+    stop_loss_limit_ratio=0.01,
+    take_profit_limit_ratio=0.02,
+)
+preview = place_market_order(
+    client,
+    symbol="EURUSD",
+    volume=sizing["buy_volume"],
+    order_side="BUY",
+    sl=limits["stop_loss"],
+    tp=limits["take_profit"],
+    dry_run=True,
+)
+closed = close_open_positions(client, symbols="EURUSD", dry_run=True)
+```
+
+`detect_position_side()` returns `long` for buy-only exposure, `short` for
+sell-only exposure, and `None` for no positions or mixed long/short exposure.
+`calculate_spread_ratio()` uses `(ask - bid) / ((ask + bid) / 2)` and raises
+`Mt5OperationError` when bid or ask is missing or non-positive.
+`normalize_order_volume()` returns `0.0` for invalid constraints or
+sub-minimum requests; check the result before calling `estimate_order_margin()`,
+which requires a positive finite volume. `calculate_positions_margin()` silently
+skips rows with missing symbols, non-positive volumes, non-finite volumes, or
+unsupported position types, but propagates `Mt5OperationError` from `estimate_order_margin()` when a valid row
+encounters invalid tick data or margin results from the broker.
+
+SL/TP ratios for `determine_order_limits()` must satisfy `0 <= ratio < 1`; `0`
+omits that level. SL/TP prices are rounded with symbol `digits` metadata when
+available. `determine_order_limits()` pre-validates computed SL/TP prices against
+available `trade_stops_level * point` metadata when present; violations raise
+`Mt5OperationError`. This is a planning helper only: it does not guarantee broker
+acceptance because live validation can still depend on price movement, bid/ask
+side, freeze levels, and server-side rules, and it does not validate
+`trade_freeze_level`. When symbol metadata cannot be loaded, protective prices
+still round with `digits=8` and stop-level validation is skipped.
+`unit_margin_ratio` and `preserved_margin_ratio` for `calculate_margin_and_volume()`
+accept `0 <= ratio <= 1`; `unit_margin_ratio=0` requests one minimum valid unit
+when the post-reserve margin can afford it. Negative `margin_free` is clamped to
+`0.0` before sizing. Execution helpers return normalized `OrderExecutionResult`
+dictionaries containing the request, response, status, retcode, and `dry_run`
+flag; `dry_run=True` never sends an order or mutates Market Watch visibility.
+`ensure_symbol_selected()` adds hidden symbols to Market Watch before live order
+placement and SL/TP updates. Failed, malformed, or unknown broker retcodes are
+fail-closed and returned as `status="failed"` while keeping the normalized
+response for inspection.
+
+## Order planning return contracts
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import MarginVolume, OrderLimits, OrderExecutionResult
+
+sizing: MarginVolume = calculate_margin_and_volume(
+    client,
+    "EURUSD",
+    unit_margin_ratio=0.5,
+    preserved_margin_ratio=0.2,
+)
+limits: OrderLimits = determine_order_limits(
+    client,
+    "EURUSD",
+    side="long",
+    stop_loss_limit_ratio=0.01,
+    take_profit_limit_ratio=0.02,
+)
+preview: OrderExecutionResult = place_market_order(
+    client,
+    symbol="EURUSD",
+    volume=sizing["buy_volume"],
+    order_side="BUY",
+    sl=limits["stop_loss"],
+    tp=limits["take_profit"],
+    dry_run=True,
+)
+updates: list[OrderExecutionResult] = update_sltp_for_open_positions(
+    client,
+    symbol="EURUSD",
+    stop_loss=limits["stop_loss"],
+    dry_run=True,
+)
+```
+
+Closes issue #33: strategy-neutral order planning and execution helpers exposed
+through the stable package root without embedding entry/exit policy.
+
+## Retrieving recent history deals
+
+`fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client()` fetches history deals from an
+already-connected trading client over a trailing time window. It works directly
+with the object returned by `create_trading_client()` (a raw
+`pdmt5.Mt5DataClient`) without requiring any additional wrapping.
+
+The helper returns a chronologically sorted DataFrame with a `RangeIndex` and
+all columns from the underlying client (`time`, `symbol`, `type`, `entry`,
+`volume`, `profit`, `position_id`, etc.). It does **not** apply any
+strategy-specific transformations — entry/exit classification, Kelly fractions,
+and betting semantics belong in downstream applications.
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import (
+    create_trading_client,
+    fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client,
+)
+
+client = create_trading_client(login=12345, server="Broker-Demo")
+try:
+    deals_df = fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client(
+        client,
+        symbol="JP225",
+        hours=24,
+    )
+finally:
+    client.shutdown()
+```
+
+Or inside a managed session:
+
+```python
+from mt5cli import fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client, mt5_trading_session
+
+with mt5_trading_session(login=12345, server="Broker-Demo") as client:
+    deals_df = fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client(
+        client,
+        symbol="JP225",
+        hours=48,
+    )
+```
+
+`hours` must be positive; `date_to` defaults to `datetime.now(UTC)`. An empty
+or `None` result from the underlying client is normalized to an empty DataFrame.
+
+Downstream packages own all strategy-specific transformations. mt5cli does not
+provide entry-deal classification, Kelly sizing, or any betting-specific helpers.
+
+## Migration from application-local helpers
+
+| Application-local concern                                | mt5cli replacement                                                                      |
+| -------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Manual terminal spawn/kill around trading code           | `mt5_trading_session()`                                                                 |
+| Local position-side detection                            | `detect_position_side()`                                                                |
+| Local margin/volume sizing                               | `calculate_margin_and_volume()`                                                         |
+| Local broker volume step normalization                   | `normalize_order_volume()`                                                              |
+| Local order or position margin estimation                | `estimate_order_margin()`, `calculate_positions_margin()`                               |
+| Local closed-bar fetch from a trading session            | `fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client()`, `fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed()` |
+| Local recent deal history fetch from a trading session   | `fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client()`                                       |
+| Local SL/TP price derivation                             | `determine_order_limits()`                                                              |
+| Throttled SQLite history loop with ad-hoc error handling | `ThrottledHistoryUpdater(suppress_errors=True)`                                         |
+
+Keep read-only data collection on `mt5_session()` / `MT5Client`; use
+`mt5_trading_session()` only where order placement or trading calculations are
+required.

docs/index.md

@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 # mt5cli
 
-Command-line tool for MetaTrader 5 data export.
+Generic MT5 data and execution infrastructure for Python applications.
 
 ## Overview
 
-mt5cli is a CLI application that exports MetaTrader 5 trading data to multiple file formats. It is built on top of [pdmt5](https://github.com/dceoy/pdmt5), a pandas-based data handler for MetaTrader 5.
+mt5cli provides a stable `MT5Client` Python API, standardized dataset schemas, storage helpers, and a CLI for exporting MetaTrader 5 data. It is built on top of [pdmt5](https://github.com/dceoy/pdmt5), a pandas-based data handler for MetaTrader 5.
+
+## Architecture
+
+- **pdmt5** — canonical MT5 client, DataFrame/trading primitives, and MT5 constant parsing (`TIMEFRAME_*`, `COPY_TICKS_*`, order types).
+- **mt5cli** — public `MT5Client` API, schema contracts, storage helpers, CLI commands, and SQLite history collection built on pdmt5.
+- **mt5api** — sibling HTTP adapter for remote MT5 access; not a dependency of mt5cli.
 
 ## Features
 
@@ -21,66 +27,70 @@ mt5cli is a CLI application that exports MetaTrader 5 trading data to multiple f
 pip install mt5cli
 ```
 
-## Programmatic usage / SDK usage
+Parquet export is not included by default. To enable it, install the `parquet` extra:
 
-mt5cli can be used as a small Python SDK for read-only MetaTrader 5 data collection. SDK functions return pandas DataFrames without writing files. Use `export_dataframe` or `export_dataframe_to_sqlite` when you need to persist results.
+```bash
+pip install "mt5cli[parquet]"
+```
+
+## Python API for downstream packages
+
+Import `MT5Client` for generic MT5 data access, schema normalization, and optional order primitives.
 
 ```python
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from mt5cli import (
-    Mt5CliClient,
+    MT5Client,
+    build_config,
     collect_history,
-    copy_rates_range,
-    export_dataframe,
-    export_dataframe_to_sqlite,
-    load_rate_data,
-    minimum_margins,
-    recent_ticks,
+    mt5_session,
 )
-from mt5cli.history import resolve_rate_view_name
+from mt5cli.history import load_rate_data, resolve_rate_view_name
+from mt5cli.schemas import DataKind, normalize_dataframe
+from mt5cli.sdk import minimum_margins, recent_ticks
+from mt5cli.utils import Dataset, export_dataframe
 
-# One-off fetch with module-level helpers
-rates = copy_rates_range(
-    "EURUSD",
-    timeframe="H1",
-    date_from="2024-01-01",
-    date_to="2024-02-01",
+# Persistent session for multiple calls
+with mt5_session(build_config(login=12345, server="Broker-Demo")) as client:
+    rates = client.copy_rates_range(
+        "EURUSD",
+        timeframe="H1",
+        date_from="2024-01-01",
+        date_to="2024-02-01",
+    )
+    positions = client.positions()
+    check = client.order_check({"action": 1, "symbol": "EURUSD", "volume": 0.1})
+
+# Normalize MT5 frames to the public schema contract before storage
+closed_rates = normalize_dataframe(
+    rates, DataKind.rates, symbol="EURUSD", timeframe="H1"
 )
-export_dataframe(rates, Path("rates.csv"), "csv")
+export_dataframe(closed_rates, Path("rates.csv"), "csv")
 
-# Resolve SQLite rate compatibility views for downstream tools
+# Offline rate loading from mt5cli-managed SQLite history
 view = resolve_rate_view_name(Path("history.db"), "EURUSD", "M1", require_existing=True)
 offline_rates = load_rate_data(Path("history.db"), view, count=1000)
 
-# Recent tick window and minimum margin summary
+# One-off helpers still work without instantiating a client
 ticks = recent_ticks("EURUSD", seconds=300)
 margins = minimum_margins("EURUSD")
 
-# Reuse one MT5 connection for multiple calls
-with Mt5CliClient(login=12345, password="secret", server="Broker-Demo") as client:
-    account = client.account_info()
-    positions = client.positions()
-    latest = client.latest_rates("EURUSD", "M1", count=100)
-    summary = client.mt5_summary()
-    summary_table = client.mt5_summary_as_df()
-
-# Bulk SQLite collection (same behavior as the collect-history CLI command)
 collect_history(
     Path("history.db"),
     symbols=["EURUSD", "GBPUSD"],
     date_from=datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC),
     date_to=datetime(2024, 2, 1, tzinfo=UTC),
-    timeframe="M1",
-    flags="ALL",
-    with_views=True,
+    datasets={Dataset.rates, Dataset.history_deals},
 )
 ```
 
-Timeframes, tick flags, and ISO 8601 date strings are accepted wherever noted in the SDK API.
+Schema contracts live in `mt5cli.schemas` (`DataKind`, `validate_schema`, `normalize_dataframe`). Export and storage helpers are in `mt5cli.utils` (`Dataset`, `export_dataframe`) and `mt5cli.history`.
 
-`Mt5CliClient.mt5_summary()` returns the SDK structured form as plain nested Python values. Use `Mt5CliClient.mt5_summary_as_df()` when you need a one-row DataFrame for export. The `mt5-summary` CLI command uses this tabular form, so nested terminal/account fields are JSON-encoded strings that are safe for CSV, JSON, Parquet, and SQLite output.
+`MT5Client.order_send()` is a live execution primitive: it can place real trades on the connected account. mt5cli does not implement strategy logic, signal generation, backtesting, or optimization — downstream applications must gate live execution explicitly (the CLI requires `--yes` for `order-send`).
+
+`MT5Client.mt5_summary()` returns structured nested Python values. Use `MT5Client.mt5_summary_as_df()` when you need a one-row DataFrame for export.
 
 ## Quick Start
 
@@ -99,8 +109,10 @@ mt5cli -o ticks.json ticks-from --symbol EURUSD \
 # Export symbols to SQLite3 with custom table name
 mt5cli -o data.db --table symbols symbols --group "*USD*"
 
-# Export with connection credentials
-mt5cli --login 12345 --password mypass --server MyBroker-Demo \
+# Export with connection credentials from env or placeholders
+MT5_LOGIN=12345 MT5_PASSWORD=secret MT5_SERVER=MyBroker-Demo \
+  mt5cli -o positions.csv positions
+mt5cli --login '${MT5_LOGIN}' --password '${MT5_PASSWORD}' --server '${MT5_SERVER}' \
   -o positions.csv positions
 ```
 
@@ -137,26 +149,39 @@ mt5cli --login 12345 --password mypass --server MyBroker-Demo \
 | `minimum-margins`  | Export minimum-volume margin summary    |
 | `market-book`      | Export market depth (order book)        |
 
-### Trading
+### Trading State
 
-| Command                | Description                                                 |
-| ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `orders`               | Export active orders                                        |
-| `positions`            | Export open positions                                       |
-| `history-orders`       | Export historical orders                                    |
-| `history-deals`        | Export historical deals                                     |
-| `recent-history-deals` | Export historical deals from a trailing window              |
-| `mt5-summary`          | Export terminal/account status summary                      |
-| `order-check`          | Check funds sufficiency for a trade request                 |
-| `order-send`           | Send a trade request to the trade server (`--yes` required) |
+| Command                | Description                                                         |
+| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `orders`               | Export active orders                                                |
+| `positions`            | Export open positions                                               |
+| `history-orders`       | Export historical orders                                            |
+| `history-deals`        | Export historical deals                                             |
+| `recent-history-deals` | Export historical deals from a trailing window                      |
+| `mt5-summary`          | Export terminal/account status summary                              |
+| `order-check`          | Check funds sufficiency for a trade request (read-only, no `--yes`) |
 
-Use `order-check` to validate a request payload before running `order-send --yes`.
+### Execution (live / mutating)
+
+These commands send requests to the live trade server and can place or close
+real trades. Both require `--yes` for live execution.
+
+| Command           | Description                                                                                                                                            |
+| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `order-send`      | Send a **raw** trade request directly to MT5 (`--yes` required; expert path — no extra validation)                                                     |
+| `close-positions` | Close open positions by `--symbol` or `--ticket` (`--yes` required for live; `--dry-run` to preview; optional `--deviation` / `--comment` / `--magic`) |
+
+Use `order-check` (Trading State) to validate funds before running `order-send --yes`.
+`close-positions` is the safer high-level alternative that builds correct close
+requests automatically. `order-send` is the expert raw path — downstream
+applications should prefer dedicated closing helpers or their own risk controls.
 
 ### Bulk Collection
 
-| Command           | Description                                                                                                                                        |
-| ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `collect-history` | Collect rates, ticks, history-orders, and history-deals for one or more symbols into a single SQLite database (optional cash-event/position views) |
+| Command           | Description                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `collect-history` | Collect rates, history-orders, and history-deals (ticks opt-in via `--dataset ticks`) for one or more symbols into a single SQLite database (optional cash-event/position views) |
+| `history-gaps`    | Export a SQLite-only one-row-per-gap report from managed rate compatibility views without connecting to MT5                                                                      |
 
 ```bash
 mt5cli -o history.db collect-history \
@@ -168,16 +193,16 @@ mt5cli -o history.db collect-history \
 
 `collect-history` options:
 
-| Option         | Default    | Description                                                                                   |
-| -------------- | ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `--symbol/-s`  | _required_ | Symbol to collect (repeat for multiple).                                                      |
-| `--date-from`  | _required_ | Start date in ISO 8601.                                                                       |
-| `--date-to`    | _required_ | End date in ISO 8601.                                                                         |
-| `--dataset`    | all four   | Repeatable: `rates`, `ticks`, `history-orders`, `history-deals`.                              |
-| `--timeframe`  | `M1`       | Rates timeframe; recorded in a `timeframe` column on the `rates` table.                       |
-| `--flags`      | `ALL`      | Tick copy flags forwarded to `copy_ticks_range`.                                              |
-| `--if-exists`  | `fail`     | `append`, `replace`, or `fail` when a target table already exists.                            |
-| `--with-views` | off        | Add `cash_events` and `positions_reconstructed` views (requires the `history-deals` dataset). |
+| Option         | Default                              | Description                                                                                                                |
+| -------------- | ------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `--symbol/-s`  | _required_                           | Symbol to collect (repeat for multiple).                                                                                   |
+| `--date-from`  | _required_                           | Start date in ISO 8601.                                                                                                    |
+| `--date-to`    | _required_                           | End date in ISO 8601.                                                                                                      |
+| `--dataset`    | rates, history-orders, history-deals | Repeatable: `rates`, `ticks`, `history-orders`, `history-deals`. Ticks are opt-in: pass `--dataset ticks` to include them. |
+| `--timeframe`  | `M1`                                 | Rates timeframe; recorded in a `timeframe` column on the `rates` table.                                                    |
+| `--flags`      | `ALL`                                | Tick copy flags forwarded to `copy_ticks_range`.                                                                           |
+| `--if-exists`  | `fail`                               | `append`, `replace`, or `fail` when a target table already exists.                                                         |
+| `--with-views` | off                                  | Add `cash_events` and `positions_reconstructed` views (requires the `history-deals` dataset).                              |
 
 History orders and deals are fetched per symbol and concatenated, so the symbol filter is applied consistently across all datasets. The `cash_events` view is derived from symbol-filtered `history_deals`, so account-level cash events with empty or non-matching symbols may be excluded. The `positions_reconstructed` view excludes positions with no closing deal, uses volume-weighted open/close prices, and reports reversal deals (`DEAL_ENTRY_INOUT`) via `volume_reversal` / `reversal_count`.
 
@@ -191,7 +216,7 @@ See the [History schema diagram](api/history.md#entity-relationship-diagram) for
 | `-f, --format` | Output format (auto-detected from extension if omitted) |
 | `--table`      | Table name for SQLite3 output (default: "data")         |
 | `--login`      | Trading account login                                   |
-| `--password`   | Trading account password                                |
+| `--password`   | Trading account password (`MT5_PASSWORD`)               |
 | `--server`     | Trading server name                                     |
 | `--path`       | Path to MetaTrader5 terminal EXE file                   |
 | `--timeout`    | Connection timeout in milliseconds                      |
@@ -207,7 +232,7 @@ See the [History schema diagram](api/history.md#entity-relationship-diagram) for
 
 Browse the API documentation for detailed module information:
 
-- [CLI Module](api/cli.md) - CLI application with export commands
+- [CLI Module](api/cli.md) - CLI application with data export and execution commands
 - [SDK Module](api/sdk.md) - Programmatic read-only data collection API
 - [Utils Module](api/utils.md) - Constants, parameter types, parsers, and export utilities
 

examples/grafana/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Grafana Integration for mt5cli
+
+This directory contains example configuration and dashboard files for visualising
+mt5cli SQLite data in [Grafana](https://grafana.com/) using the
+[Grafana SQLite datasource plugin](https://grafana.com/grafana/plugins/frser-sqlite-datasource/).
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- mt5cli installed and able to connect to MetaTrader 5
+- Grafana 10+ with the `frser-sqlite-datasource` plugin installed
+- (Optional) Docker and Docker Compose for the containerised setup
+
+## Generating the SQLite database
+
+Collect historical data and snapshot current account state:
+
+```sh
+# Collect OHLCV history
+mt5cli -o history.db collect-history --symbol EURUSD --date-from 2024-01-01 --date-to 2024-12-31
+
+# Create Grafana-ready views and indexes
+mt5cli -o history.db grafana-schema
+
+# Snapshot current account, positions, and orders
+mt5cli -o history.db snapshot --with-grafana-schema
+```
+
+## Publishing a Grafana-readable copy
+
+Grafana reads the SQLite file directly. To avoid read/write conflicts, publish
+a consistent copy after each update:
+
+```sh
+mt5cli -o history.db grafana-schema --publish-copy history.mt5cli.db
+mt5cli -o history.db snapshot --publish-copy history.mt5cli.db
+```
+
+The `--publish-copy` option uses the SQLite online backup API, which is safe
+even when the source database uses WAL journal mode.
+
+## Configuring the datasource path
+
+Edit `provisioning/datasources/mt5cli-sqlite.yml` and set the `path` field
+to the absolute path of your published `.db` file:
+
+```yaml
+jsonData:
+  path: /absolute/path/to/history.mt5cli.db
+```
+
+## Running Grafana on Windows (native)
+
+1. Download and install Grafana from <https://grafana.com/grafana/download/>.
+2. Install the SQLite plugin: `grafana-cli plugins install frser-sqlite-datasource`.
+3. Copy `provisioning/datasources/mt5cli-sqlite.yml` into
+   `%ProgramFiles%\GrafanaLabs\grafana\conf\provisioning\datasources\`.
+   Do not copy `provisioning/dashboards/mt5cli.yml` — it contains a
+   Docker-specific dashboard path that is not valid on Windows.
+4. Import the dashboards from `dashboards/` via the Grafana UI
+   (Dashboards → Import → Upload JSON file).
+
+## Running with Docker Compose
+
+Set `MT5CLI_DB_PATH` to the absolute path of your published `.db` file, then
+start the stack:
+
+```sh
+# From the examples/grafana directory
+MT5CLI_DB_PATH=/absolute/path/to/history.mt5cli.db docker compose up -d
+```
+
+Alternatively, create a `.env` file in `examples/grafana/` containing
+`MT5CLI_DB_PATH=/absolute/path/to/history.mt5cli.db` and run
+`docker compose up -d`. Compose refuses to start if the variable is unset or
+empty.
+
+Then open <http://localhost:3000> (default credentials: admin / admin).
+
+## Dashboard overview
+
+| Dashboard              | Description                                             |
+| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `mt5cli-overview.json` | Account balance, equity, margin, and snapshot freshness |
+| `mt5cli-trades.json`   | Trade P/L, win rate, symbol breakdown                   |
+| `mt5cli-market.json`   | OHLCV rates, spreads, and tick volume                   |
+
+All panel queries use the `grafana_*` views; they do not read internal storage
+tables directly.
+
+## Importing dashboards
+
+1. Open Grafana and navigate to **Dashboards → Import**.
+2. Click **Upload JSON file** and select one of the files in `dashboards/`.
+3. Select the `mt5cli-SQLite` datasource when prompted.
+4. Click **Import**.

examples/grafana/compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Docker Compose for Grafana with mt5cli SQLite datasource.
+#
+# MT5CLI_DB_PATH must be set to the absolute host path of your published .db
+# file before running `docker compose up -d`. Compose will refuse to start if
+# the variable is missing or empty.
+#
+# Example:
+#   MT5CLI_DB_PATH=/home/user/history.mt5cli.db docker compose up -d
+
+services:
+  grafana:
+    image: grafana/grafana:latest
+    ports:
+      - "3000:3000"
+    environment:
+      GF_PATHS_PROVISIONING: /etc/grafana/provisioning
+      GF_INSTALL_PLUGINS: frser-sqlite-datasource
+    volumes:
+      - ./provisioning:/etc/grafana/provisioning:ro
+      - ./dashboards:/var/lib/grafana/dashboards:ro
+      - grafana-storage:/var/lib/grafana
+      - ${MT5CLI_DB_PATH:?Set MT5CLI_DB_PATH to the path of your published mt5cli SQLite DB}:/data/mt5cli.db:ro
+    user: "472"
+
+volumes:
+  grafana-storage:

examples/grafana/dashboards/mt5cli-market.json

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+{
+  "__inputs": [
+    {
+      "name": "DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE",
+      "label": "mt5cli-SQLite",
+      "description": "",
+      "type": "datasource",
+      "pluginId": "frser-sqlite-datasource",
+      "pluginName": "SQLite"
+    }
+  ],
+  "__requires": [
+    {
+      "type": "datasource",
+      "id": "frser-sqlite-datasource",
+      "name": "SQLite",
+      "version": "1.0.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "annotations": { "list": [] },
+  "editable": true,
+  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
+  "graphTooltip": 0,
+  "id": null,
+  "links": [],
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": { "defaults": {}, "overrides": [] },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 24, "x": 0, "y": 0 },
+      "id": 1,
+      "title": "Close Price Over Time",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"symbol\", \"close\" FROM grafana_rates WHERE \"time\" >= $__from / 1000 AND \"time\" < $__to / 1000 ORDER BY time",
+          "format": "time_series",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": { "defaults": {}, "overrides": [] },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 8 },
+      "id": 2,
+      "title": "Spread Over Time",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"symbol\", \"spread\" FROM grafana_rates WHERE \"time\" >= $__from / 1000 AND \"time\" < $__to / 1000 ORDER BY time",
+          "format": "time_series",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": { "defaults": {}, "overrides": [] },
+      "gridPos": { "h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 8 },
+      "id": 3,
+      "title": "Tick Volume Over Time",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"symbol\", \"tick_volume\" FROM grafana_rates WHERE \"time\" >= $__from / 1000 AND \"time\" < $__to / 1000 ORDER BY time",
+          "format": "time_series",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "refresh": "1m",
+  "schemaVersion": 36,
+  "tags": ["mt5cli", "market"],
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "current": {},
+        "hide": 0,
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": "Data Source",
+        "multi": false,
+        "name": "DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "frser-sqlite-datasource",
+        "refresh": 1,
+        "type": "datasource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "time": { "from": "now-24h", "to": "now" },
+  "timepicker": {},
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "title": "MT5CLI - Market Data",
+  "uid": "mt5cli-market",
+  "version": 1
+}

examples/grafana/dashboards/mt5cli-overview.json

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+{
+  "__inputs": [
+    {
+      "name": "DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE",
+      "label": "mt5cli-SQLite",
+      "description": "",
+      "type": "datasource",
+      "pluginId": "frser-sqlite-datasource",
+      "pluginName": "SQLite"
+    }
+  ],
+  "__requires": [
+    {
+      "type": "datasource",
+      "id": "frser-sqlite-datasource",
+      "name": "SQLite",
+      "version": "1.0.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "annotations": {
+    "list": []
+  },
+  "editable": true,
+  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
+  "graphTooltip": 0,
+  "id": null,
+  "links": [],
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "currencyUSD"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 4,
+        "w": 6,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 0
+      },
+      "id": 1,
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
+        }
+      },
+      "title": "Balance",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"balance\" FROM grafana_account_snapshots ORDER BY time DESC LIMIT 1",
+          "format": "table",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "currencyUSD"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 4,
+        "w": 6,
+        "x": 6,
+        "y": 0
+      },
+      "id": 2,
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
+        }
+      },
+      "title": "Equity",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"equity\" FROM grafana_account_snapshots ORDER BY time DESC LIMIT 1",
+          "format": "table",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "currencyUSD"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 4,
+        "w": 6,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 0
+      },
+      "id": 3,
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
+        }
+      },
+      "title": "Free Margin",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"margin_free\" FROM grafana_account_snapshots ORDER BY time DESC LIMIT 1",
+          "format": "table",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "percent"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 4,
+        "w": 6,
+        "x": 18,
+        "y": 0
+      },
+      "id": 4,
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
+        }
+      },
+      "title": "Margin Level",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"margin_level\" FROM grafana_account_snapshots ORDER BY time DESC LIMIT 1",
+          "format": "table",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "dateTimeFromNow"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 4,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 4
+      },
+      "id": 7,
+      "options": {
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
+        }
+      },
+      "title": "Last Snapshot",
+      "type": "stat",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT MAX(\"time\") * 1000 AS \"Last Snapshot\" FROM grafana_account_snapshots",
+          "format": "table",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 8
+      },
+      "id": 5,
+      "title": "Account Balance Over Time",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"balance\" FROM grafana_account_snapshots ORDER BY time",
+          "format": "time_series",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 16
+      },
+      "id": 6,
+      "title": "Equity Over Time",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"equity\" FROM grafana_account_snapshots ORDER BY time",
+          "format": "time_series",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "refresh": "1m",
+  "schemaVersion": 36,
+  "tags": ["mt5cli", "account"],
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "current": {},
+        "hide": 0,
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": "Data Source",
+        "multi": false,
+        "name": "DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "frser-sqlite-datasource",
+        "refresh": 1,
+        "type": "datasource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "time": {
+    "from": "now-7d",
+    "to": "now"
+  },
+  "timepicker": {},
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "title": "MT5CLI - Account Overview",
+  "uid": "mt5cli-overview",
+  "version": 1
+}

examples/grafana/dashboards/mt5cli-trades.json

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+{
+  "__inputs": [
+    {
+      "name": "DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE",
+      "label": "mt5cli-SQLite",
+      "description": "",
+      "type": "datasource",
+      "pluginId": "frser-sqlite-datasource",
+      "pluginName": "SQLite"
+    }
+  ],
+  "__requires": [
+    {
+      "type": "datasource",
+      "id": "frser-sqlite-datasource",
+      "name": "SQLite",
+      "version": "1.0.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "annotations": {
+    "list": []
+  },
+  "editable": true,
+  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
+  "graphTooltip": 0,
+  "id": null,
+  "links": [],
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 0
+      },
+      "id": 1,
+      "title": "Realized P/L by Symbol",
+      "type": "table",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"symbol\", \"cumulative_pnl\", \"deal_count\" FROM grafana_realized_pnl ORDER BY cumulative_pnl DESC",
+          "format": "table",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": [
+          {
+            "matcher": {
+              "id": "byName",
+              "options": "win_rate_pct"
+            },
+            "properties": [
+              {
+                "id": "unit",
+                "value": "percent"
+              },
+              {
+                "id": "displayName",
+                "value": "Win Rate (%)"
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 0
+      },
+      "id": 2,
+      "title": "Trade Statistics by Symbol",
+      "type": "table",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"symbol\", \"total_deals\", \"winning_deals\", \"losing_deals\", \"total_profit\", \"avg_profit\", 100.0 * \"winning_deals\" / NULLIF(\"total_deals\", 0) AS \"win_rate_pct\" FROM grafana_trade_stats ORDER BY total_profit DESC",
+          "format": "table",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 8
+      },
+      "id": 3,
+      "title": "Open Position Profit Over Time",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"symbol\", SUM(\"profit\") AS profit FROM grafana_position_snapshots GROUP BY time, symbol ORDER BY time",
+          "format": "time_series",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": "${DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE}",
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {},
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 16
+      },
+      "id": 4,
+      "title": "Cash Events Over Time",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "rawSql": "SELECT \"time\" AS time, \"profit\" FROM grafana_cash_events ORDER BY time",
+          "format": "time_series",
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "refresh": "5m",
+  "schemaVersion": 36,
+  "tags": ["mt5cli", "trades"],
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "current": {},
+        "hide": 0,
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": "Data Source",
+        "multi": false,
+        "name": "DS_MT5CLI_SQLITE",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "frser-sqlite-datasource",
+        "refresh": 1,
+        "type": "datasource"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "time": {
+    "from": "now-30d",
+    "to": "now"
+  },
+  "timepicker": {},
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "title": "MT5CLI - Trade Analytics",
+  "uid": "mt5cli-trades",
+  "version": 1
+}

examples/grafana/provisioning/dashboards/mt5cli.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Grafana dashboard provisioning for mt5cli dashboards.
+
+apiVersion: 1
+
+providers:
+  - name: mt5cli
+    type: file
+    disableDeletion: false
+    updateIntervalSeconds: 30
+    allowUiUpdates: true
+    options:
+      path: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards
+      foldersFromFilesStructure: false

examples/grafana/provisioning/datasources/mt5cli-sqlite.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Grafana datasource provisioning for mt5cli SQLite.
+#
+# Requires the frser-sqlite-datasource plugin:
+#   grafana-cli plugins install frser-sqlite-datasource
+#
+# Set `path` to the absolute path of your published history.mt5cli.db file.
+
+apiVersion: 1
+
+datasources:
+  - name: mt5cli-SQLite
+    type: frser-sqlite-datasource
+    access: proxy
+    isDefault: true
+    jsonData:
+      path: /data/mt5cli.db

mkdocs.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 site_name: mt5cli API Documentation
-site_description: Command-line tool for MetaTrader 5
+site_description: Generic MT5 data and execution infrastructure for Python
 site_author: dceoy
 site_url: https://github.com/dceoy/mt5cli
 
@@ -56,9 +56,17 @@ nav:
   - Home: index.md
   - API Reference:
       - Overview: api/index.md
+      - Public API Contract: api/public-contract.md
+      - Client: api/client.md
+      - Schemas: api/schemas.md
+      - Converters: api/converters.md
+      - Exceptions: api/exceptions.md
       - CLI: api/cli.md
       - SDK: api/sdk.md
+      - Trading: api/trading.md
       - History Collection (SQLite): api/history.md
+      - Telemetry: api/telemetry.md
+      - Grafana: api/grafana.md
       - Utils: api/utils.md
 
 markdown_extensions:

mt5cli/__init__.py

@@ -1,125 +1,155 @@
-"""mt5cli: Command-line tool and SDK for MetaTrader 5."""
+"""mt5cli: Generic MT5 data and execution infrastructure for Python applications.
+
+Downstream packages should import from this module (``from mt5cli import ...``)
+rather than private submodule helpers. See ``docs/api/public-contract.md`` for
+the stable SDK contract, CLI surface, internal modules, and out-of-scope
+strategy responsibilities.
+"""
 
 from importlib.metadata import version
 
+from .client import MT5Client, build_config, mt5_session
+from .contract import STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS
+from .exceptions import (
+    Mt5CliError,
+    Mt5ConnectionError,
+    Mt5OperationError,
+    Mt5SchemaError,
+)
 from .history import (
     RateTarget,
     build_rate_targets,
-    build_rate_view_name,
-    load_rate_data,
-    load_rate_data_from_connection,
+    drop_forming_rate_bar,
+    load_rate_series_by_granularity,
     load_rate_series_from_sqlite,
-    resolve_history_datasets,
-    resolve_history_tick_flags,
-    resolve_history_timeframes,
-    resolve_rate_tables,
-    resolve_rate_view_name,
-    resolve_rate_view_names,
+    report_rate_gaps,
 )
 from .sdk import (
     AccountSpec,
-    Mt5CliClient,
-    account_info,
-    build_config,
+    ThrottledHistoryUpdater,
     collect_history,
-    collect_latest_rates,
-    collect_latest_rates_for_accounts,
-    copy_rates_from,
-    copy_rates_from_pos,
-    copy_rates_range,
-    copy_ticks_from,
-    copy_ticks_range,
-    history_deals,
-    history_orders,
-    last_error,
-    latest_rates,
-    market_book,
-    minimum_margins,
-    mt5_session,
-    mt5_summary,
-    mt5_summary_as_df,
-    orders,
-    positions,
-    recent_history_deals,
-    recent_ticks,
-    symbol_info,
-    symbol_info_tick,
-    symbols,
-    terminal_info,
+    collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity,
+    collect_latest_closed_rates_for_accounts,
+    collect_latest_rates_for_accounts_with_retries,
+    fetch_latest_closed_rates,
+    resolve_account_spec,
+    resolve_account_specs,
     update_history,
     update_history_with_config,
+    update_observability,
+    update_observability_with_config,
 )
-from .sdk import (
-    version as mt5_version,
-)
-from .utils import (
-    TICK_FLAG_MAP,
-    TIMEFRAME_MAP,
-    Dataset,
-    IfExists,
-    detect_format,
-    export_dataframe,
-    export_dataframe_to_sqlite,
-    parse_datetime,
-    parse_tick_flags,
-    parse_timeframe,
+from .trading import (
+    ExecutionStatus,
+    MarginVolume,
+    OrderExecutionResult,
+    OrderFillingMode,
+    OrderLimits,
+    OrderSide,
+    OrderTimeMode,
+    PositionSide,
+    ProjectionMode,
+    calculate_account_projected_margin_ratio,
+    calculate_margin_and_volume,
+    calculate_new_position_margin_ratio,
+    calculate_positions_margin,
+    calculate_positions_margin_by_symbol,
+    calculate_positions_margin_safe,
+    calculate_projected_margin_ratio,
+    calculate_spread_ratio,
+    calculate_symbol_group_margin_ratio,
+    calculate_trailing_stop_updates,
+    calculate_volume_by_margin,
+    close_open_positions,
+    create_trading_client,
+    detect_position_side,
+    determine_order_limits,
+    ensure_symbol_selected,
+    estimate_order_margin,
+    extract_tick_price,
+    fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client,
+    fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed,
+    fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client,
+    get_account_snapshot,
+    get_positions_frame,
+    get_symbol_snapshot,
+    get_tick_snapshot,
+    mt5_trading_session,
+    normalize_order_volume,
+    place_market_order,
+    resolve_broker_filling_mode,
+    update_sltp_for_open_positions,
+    update_trailing_stop_loss_for_open_positions,
 )
 
 __version__ = version(__package__) if __package__ else None
 
 __all__ = [
-    "TICK_FLAG_MAP",
-    "TIMEFRAME_MAP",
+    "STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS",
     "AccountSpec",
-    "Dataset",
-    "IfExists",
-    "Mt5CliClient",
+    "ExecutionStatus",
+    "MT5Client",
+    "MarginVolume",
+    "Mt5CliError",
+    "Mt5ConnectionError",
+    "Mt5OperationError",
+    "Mt5SchemaError",
+    "OrderExecutionResult",
+    "OrderFillingMode",
+    "OrderLimits",
+    "OrderSide",
+    "OrderTimeMode",
+    "PositionSide",
+    "ProjectionMode",
     "RateTarget",
-    "account_info",
+    "ThrottledHistoryUpdater",
     "build_config",
     "build_rate_targets",
-    "build_rate_view_name",
+    "calculate_account_projected_margin_ratio",
+    "calculate_margin_and_volume",
+    "calculate_new_position_margin_ratio",
+    "calculate_positions_margin",
+    "calculate_positions_margin_by_symbol",
+    "calculate_positions_margin_safe",
+    "calculate_projected_margin_ratio",
+    "calculate_spread_ratio",
+    "calculate_symbol_group_margin_ratio",
+    "calculate_trailing_stop_updates",
+    "calculate_volume_by_margin",
+    "close_open_positions",
     "collect_history",
-    "collect_latest_rates",
-    "collect_latest_rates_for_accounts",
-    "copy_rates_from",
-    "copy_rates_from_pos",
-    "copy_rates_range",
-    "copy_ticks_from",
-    "copy_ticks_range",
-    "detect_format",
-    "export_dataframe",
-    "export_dataframe_to_sqlite",
-    "history_deals",
-    "history_orders",
-    "last_error",
-    "latest_rates",
-    "load_rate_data",
-    "load_rate_data_from_connection",
+    "collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity",
+    "collect_latest_closed_rates_for_accounts",
+    "collect_latest_rates_for_accounts_with_retries",
+    "create_trading_client",
+    "detect_position_side",
+    "determine_order_limits",
+    "drop_forming_rate_bar",
+    "ensure_symbol_selected",
+    "estimate_order_margin",
+    "extract_tick_price",
+    "fetch_latest_closed_rates",
+    "fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client",
+    "fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed",
+    "fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client",
+    "get_account_snapshot",
+    "get_positions_frame",
+    "get_symbol_snapshot",
+    "get_tick_snapshot",
+    "load_rate_series_by_granularity",
     "load_rate_series_from_sqlite",
-    "market_book",
-    "minimum_margins",
     "mt5_session",
-    "mt5_summary",
-    "mt5_summary_as_df",
-    "mt5_version",
-    "orders",
-    "parse_datetime",
-    "parse_tick_flags",
-    "parse_timeframe",
-    "positions",
-    "recent_history_deals",
-    "recent_ticks",
-    "resolve_history_datasets",
-    "resolve_history_tick_flags",
-    "resolve_history_timeframes",
-    "resolve_rate_tables",
-    "resolve_rate_view_name",
-    "resolve_rate_view_names",
-    "symbol_info",
-    "symbol_info_tick",
-    "symbols",
-    "terminal_info",
+    "mt5_trading_session",
+    "normalize_order_volume",
+    "place_market_order",
+    "report_rate_gaps",
+    "resolve_account_spec",
+    "resolve_account_specs",
+    "resolve_broker_filling_mode",
     "update_history",
     "update_history_with_config",
+    "update_observability",
+    "update_observability_with_config",
+    "update_sltp_for_open_positions",
+    "update_trailing_stop_loss_for_open_positions",
 ]

mt5cli/cli.py

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
-"""Command-line interface for MetaTrader 5 data export."""
+"""Command-line interface for MetaTrader 5 data and execution utilities."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import json
 import logging
+import os
+import re
+import sqlite3
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime  # noqa: TC003
 from pathlib import Path  # noqa: TC003
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Any, cast
 
+import pandas as pd
 import typer
-from pdmt5 import Mt5Config
 
 from . import sdk
+from .client import MT5Client
+from .history import report_rate_gaps, resolve_granularity_name
+from .trading import OrderExecutionResult, close_open_positions, create_trading_client
 from .utils import (
     DATETIME_TYPE,
     REQUEST_TYPE,
@@ -28,7 +35,7 @@ from .utils import (
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable
 
-    import pandas as pd
+    from pdmt5 import Mt5Config
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -53,18 +60,66 @@ class _ExportContext:
 
 app = typer.Typer(
     name="mt5cli",
-    help="Export MetaTrader5 data to CSV, JSON, Parquet, or SQLite3.",
+    help=(
+        "MT5 data and execution utilities — read market data, inspect account"
+        " state, and send trade requests. Data commands write to CSV, JSON,"
+        " Parquet, or SQLite3. Execution commands (order-send, close-positions)"
+        " require --yes for live mutations."
+    ),
 )
 
 _REQUEST_OPTION_HELP = (
     "Order request as a JSON object string, or '@path' to load JSON from a file."
 )
+_CLI_ENV_DEFAULTS: dict[str, str] = {
+    "path": "MT5_PATH",
+    "login": "MT5_LOGIN",
+    "password": "MT5_PASSWORD",
+    "server": "MT5_SERVER",
+}
+_RATE_VIEW_NAME_RE = re.compile(
+    r"^rate_(?P<symbol>.+)__(?:(?P<granularity>[A-Z0-9]+)_)?(?P<timeframe>\d+)$",
+)
 
 
 def _get_export_context(ctx: typer.Context) -> _ExportContext:
     return cast("_ExportContext", ctx.obj)
 
 
+def _resolve_cli_option(value: str | None, env_name: str) -> str | None:
+    return value if value is not None else os.environ.get(env_name)
+
+
+def _timeframe_interval_seconds(timeframe: int) -> int | None:
+    granularity = resolve_granularity_name(timeframe)
+    units = {
+        "M": 60,
+        "H": 3600,
+        "D": 86400,
+        "W": 604800,
+    }
+    for prefix, seconds in units.items():
+        suffix = granularity.removeprefix(prefix)
+        if granularity.startswith(prefix) and suffix.isdigit():
+            return int(suffix) * seconds
+    return None
+
+
+def _infer_gap_table_granularity_seconds(table: str) -> int | None:
+    if (match := _RATE_VIEW_NAME_RE.fullmatch(table)) is None:
+        return None
+    return _timeframe_interval_seconds(int(match.group("timeframe")))
+
+
+def _default_gap_tables(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> list[str]:
+    rows = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master"
+        " WHERE type IN ('table', 'view') AND name GLOB 'rate_*__*'"
+        " ORDER BY name",
+    ).fetchall()
+    return [str(row[0]) for row in rows]
+
+
 def _execute_export(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     fetch_fn: Callable[[], pd.DataFrame],
@@ -91,9 +146,18 @@ def _execute_export(
     )
 
 
-def _sdk_client(ctx: typer.Context) -> sdk.Mt5CliClient:
+def _sdk_client(ctx: typer.Context) -> MT5Client:
     export_ctx = _get_export_context(ctx)
-    return sdk.Mt5CliClient(config=export_ctx.config)
+    return MT5Client(config=export_ctx.config)
+
+
+def _export_command(
+    ctx: typer.Context,
+    fetch_fn: Callable[[MT5Client], pd.DataFrame],
+) -> None:
+    """Create an SDK client, fetch a DataFrame, and export it."""
+    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
+    _execute_export(ctx, lambda: fetch_fn(client))
 
 
 @app.callback()
@@ -116,20 +180,36 @@ def _callback(  # pyright: ignore[reportUnusedFunction]
         typer.Option(help="Table name for SQLite3 output."),
     ] = "data",
     login: Annotated[
-        int | None,
-        typer.Option(help="Trading account login."),
+        str | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            help="Trading account login.",
+            envvar=_CLI_ENV_DEFAULTS["login"],
+            show_envvar=True,
+        ),
     ] = None,
     password: Annotated[
         str | None,
-        typer.Option(help="Trading account password."),
+        typer.Option(
+            help="Trading account password.",
+            envvar=_CLI_ENV_DEFAULTS["password"],
+            show_envvar=True,
+        ),
     ] = None,
     server: Annotated[
         str | None,
-        typer.Option(help="Trading server name."),
+        typer.Option(
+            help="Trading server name.",
+            envvar=_CLI_ENV_DEFAULTS["server"],
+            show_envvar=True,
+        ),
     ] = None,
     path: Annotated[
         str | None,
-        typer.Option(help="Path to MetaTrader5 terminal EXE file."),
+        typer.Option(
+            help="Path to MetaTrader5 terminal EXE file.",
+            envvar=_CLI_ENV_DEFAULTS["path"],
+            show_envvar=True,
+        ),
     ] = None,
     timeout: Annotated[
         int | None,
@@ -140,7 +220,7 @@ def _callback(  # pyright: ignore[reportUnusedFunction]
         typer.Option("--log-level", help="Logging level."),
     ] = LogLevel.WARNING,
 ) -> None:
-    """Configure shared options for all export commands.
+    """Configure shared connection and output options.
 
     Raises:
         typer.BadParameter: If the output format cannot be determined.
@@ -153,17 +233,22 @@ def _callback(  # pyright: ignore[reportUnusedFunction]
         )
     except ValueError as exc:
         raise typer.BadParameter(str(exc)) from exc
+    try:
+        config = sdk.build_config(
+            path=_resolve_cli_option(path, _CLI_ENV_DEFAULTS["path"]),
+            login=_resolve_cli_option(login, _CLI_ENV_DEFAULTS["login"]),
+            password=_resolve_cli_option(password, _CLI_ENV_DEFAULTS["password"]),
+            server=_resolve_cli_option(server, _CLI_ENV_DEFAULTS["server"]),
+            timeout=timeout,
+            allow_whole_dollar_env=True,
+        )
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise typer.BadParameter(str(exc)) from exc
     ctx.obj = _ExportContext(
         output=output,
         output_format=output_format,
         table=table,
-        config=Mt5Config(
-            path=path,
-            login=login,
-            password=password,
-            server=server,
-            timeout=timeout,
-        ),
+        config=config,
     )
 
 
@@ -172,7 +257,7 @@ def _callback(  # pyright: ignore[reportUnusedFunction]
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def rates_from(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
@@ -193,14 +278,13 @@ def rates_from(
     count: Annotated[int, typer.Option(help="Number of records.")],
 ) -> None:
     """Export rates from a start date."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.copy_rates_from(symbol, timeframe, date_from, count),
+        lambda client: client.copy_rates_from(symbol, timeframe, date_from, count),
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def rates_from_pos(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
@@ -215,14 +299,18 @@ def rates_from_pos(
     count: Annotated[int, typer.Option(help="Number of records.")],
 ) -> None:
     """Export rates from a start position."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.copy_rates_from_pos(symbol, timeframe, start_pos, count),
+        lambda client: client.copy_rates_from_pos(
+            symbol,
+            timeframe,
+            start_pos,
+            count,
+        ),
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def latest_rates(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
@@ -240,14 +328,18 @@ def latest_rates(
     ] = 0,
 ) -> None:
     """Export latest rates from a start position."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.latest_rates(symbol, timeframe, count, start_pos=start_pos),
+        lambda client: client.latest_rates(
+            symbol,
+            timeframe,
+            count,
+            start_pos=start_pos,
+        ),
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def rates_range(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
@@ -268,14 +360,13 @@ def rates_range(
     ],
 ) -> None:
     """Export rates for a date range."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.copy_rates_range(symbol, timeframe, date_from, date_to),
+        lambda client: client.copy_rates_range(symbol, timeframe, date_from, date_to),
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def ticks_from(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
@@ -293,14 +384,13 @@ def ticks_from(
     ],
 ) -> None:
     """Export ticks from a start date."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.copy_ticks_from(symbol, date_from, count, flags),
+        lambda client: client.copy_ticks_from(symbol, date_from, count, flags),
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def ticks_range(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
@@ -318,14 +408,13 @@ def ticks_range(
     ],
 ) -> None:
     """Export ticks for a date range."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.copy_ticks_range(symbol, date_from, date_to, flags),
+        lambda client: client.copy_ticks_range(symbol, date_from, date_to, flags),
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def ticks_recent(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
@@ -347,13 +436,12 @@ def ticks_recent(
             click_type=TICK_FLAGS_TYPE,
             help="Tick flags (ALL, INFO, TRADE, or integer).",
         ),
-    ] = 1,
+    ] = "ALL",  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
 ) -> None:
     """Export ticks from a recent time window."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.recent_ticks(
+        lambda client: client.recent_ticks(
             symbol,
             seconds,
             date_to=date_to,
@@ -363,19 +451,19 @@ def ticks_recent(
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def account_info(ctx: typer.Context) -> None:
     """Export account information."""
-    _execute_export(ctx, _sdk_client(ctx).account_info)
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.account_info())
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def terminal_info(ctx: typer.Context) -> None:
     """Export terminal information."""
-    _execute_export(ctx, _sdk_client(ctx).terminal_info)
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.terminal_info())
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def symbols(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     group: Annotated[
@@ -384,31 +472,28 @@ def symbols(
     ] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Export symbol list."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(ctx, lambda: client.symbols(group=group))
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.symbols(group=group))
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def symbol_info(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
 ) -> None:
     """Export symbol details."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(ctx, lambda: client.symbol_info(symbol))
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.symbol_info(symbol))
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def minimum_margins(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
 ) -> None:
     """Export minimum-volume buy and sell margin requirements."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(ctx, lambda: client.minimum_margins(symbol))
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.minimum_margins(symbol))
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def orders(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str | None, typer.Option(help="Symbol filter.")] = None,
@@ -416,14 +501,13 @@ def orders(
     ticket: Annotated[int | None, typer.Option(help="Ticket filter.")] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Export active orders."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.orders(symbol=symbol, group=group, ticket=ticket),
+        lambda client: client.orders(symbol=symbol, group=group, ticket=ticket),
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def positions(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str | None, typer.Option(help="Symbol filter.")] = None,
@@ -431,14 +515,13 @@ def positions(
     ticket: Annotated[int | None, typer.Option(help="Ticket filter.")] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Export open positions."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.positions(symbol=symbol, group=group, ticket=ticket),
+        lambda client: client.positions(symbol=symbol, group=group, ticket=ticket),
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def history_orders(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     date_from: Annotated[
@@ -455,10 +538,9 @@ def history_orders(
     position: Annotated[int | None, typer.Option(help="Position ticket.")] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Export historical orders."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.history_orders(
+        lambda client: client.history_orders(
             date_from=date_from,
             date_to=date_to,
             group=group,
@@ -469,7 +551,7 @@ def history_orders(
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def history_deals(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     date_from: Annotated[
@@ -486,10 +568,9 @@ def history_deals(
     position: Annotated[int | None, typer.Option(help="Position ticket.")] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Export historical deals."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.history_deals(
+        lambda client: client.history_deals(
             date_from=date_from,
             date_to=date_to,
             group=group,
@@ -500,7 +581,7 @@ def history_deals(
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def recent_history_deals(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     hours: Annotated[float, typer.Option(help="Lookback window in hours.")],
@@ -512,10 +593,9 @@ def recent_history_deals(
     symbol: Annotated[str | None, typer.Option(help="Symbol filter.")] = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Export historical deals from a recent trailing window."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(
+    _export_command(
         ctx,
-        lambda: client.recent_history_deals(
+        lambda client: client.recent_history_deals(
             hours,
             date_to=date_to,
             group=group,
@@ -524,46 +604,43 @@ def recent_history_deals(
     )
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def mt5_summary(ctx: typer.Context) -> None:
     """Export a compact terminal/account status summary."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(ctx, client.mt5_summary_as_df)
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.mt5_summary_as_df())
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def version(ctx: typer.Context) -> None:
     """Export MetaTrader5 version information."""
-    _execute_export(ctx, _sdk_client(ctx).version)
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.version())
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def last_error(ctx: typer.Context) -> None:
     """Export the last error information."""
-    _execute_export(ctx, _sdk_client(ctx).last_error)
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.last_error())
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def symbol_info_tick(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
 ) -> None:
     """Export the last tick for a symbol."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(ctx, lambda: client.symbol_info_tick(symbol))
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.symbol_info_tick(symbol))
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def market_book(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Symbol name.")],
 ) -> None:
     """Export market depth (order book) for a symbol."""
-    client = _sdk_client(ctx)
-    _execute_export(ctx, lambda: client.market_book(symbol))
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.market_book(symbol))
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Data / Export")
 def order_check(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     request: Annotated[
@@ -572,18 +649,10 @@ def order_check(
     ],
 ) -> None:
     """Check funds sufficiency for a trading operation."""
-    export_ctx = _get_export_context(ctx)
-
-    def _fetch() -> pd.DataFrame:
-        return sdk._run_with_client(  # noqa: SLF001  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
-            export_ctx.config,
-            lambda c: c.order_check_as_df(request=request),
-        )
-
-    _execute_export(ctx, _fetch)
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.order_check(request))
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Execution")
 def order_send(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     request: Annotated[
@@ -595,7 +664,13 @@ def order_send(
         typer.Option("--yes", help="Confirm the live trade request."),
     ] = False,
 ) -> None:
-    """Send a trading operation request to the trade server.
+    """Send a raw trade request to the trade server (expert path, live execution).
+
+    Passes the request JSON directly to MT5 ``order_send``. This is the
+    low-level expert path — it places real trades on the connected account
+    with no additional validation beyond what MT5 itself performs. Use
+    ``order-check`` first to validate funds sufficiency. Prefer
+    ``close-positions`` for closing open positions. ``--yes`` is required.
 
     Raises:
         typer.BadParameter: If --yes is not provided.
@@ -603,18 +678,184 @@ def order_send(
     if not yes:
         msg = "Pass --yes to send a live trade request."
         raise typer.BadParameter(msg, param_hint="--yes")
+    _export_command(ctx, lambda client: client.order_send(request))
+
+
+_EXECUTION_RESULT_COLUMNS: list[str] = [
+    "status",
+    "symbol",
+    "order_side",
+    "volume",
+    "retcode",
+    "comment",
+    "request",
+    "response",
+    "dry_run",
+]
+
+
+def _execution_results_to_df(results: list[OrderExecutionResult]) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    if not results:
+        return pd.DataFrame(columns=_EXECUTION_RESULT_COLUMNS)
+    rows = [
+        {
+            **r,
+            "request": json.dumps(r["request"]),
+            "response": json.dumps(r["response"]),
+        }
+        for r in results
+    ]
+    return pd.DataFrame(rows)
+
+
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Execution")
+def close_positions(
+    ctx: typer.Context,
+    symbol: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--symbol",
+            "-s",
+            help="Symbol to close (repeat for multiple symbols).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    ticket: Annotated[
+        list[int] | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--ticket",
+            "-t",
+            help="Position ticket to close (repeat for multiple tickets).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    deviation: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        typer.Option(help="Optional slippage/deviation for each close request."),
+    ] = None,
+    comment: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        typer.Option(help="Optional comment attached to each close request."),
+    ] = None,
+    magic: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            help="Optional magic tag for close requests and position filtering.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    dry_run: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        typer.Option("--dry-run", help="Preview close orders without executing them."),
+    ] = False,
+    yes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        typer.Option("--yes", help="Confirm live position closing."),
+    ] = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Close open positions by symbol or ticket.
+
+    Delegates to :func:`mt5cli.trading.close_open_positions`. At least one
+    ``--symbol`` or ``--ticket`` must be provided to avoid accidentally closing
+    all positions. Use ``--dry-run`` to preview without executing; ``--yes`` is
+    required for live execution.
+
+    ``order-send`` is the expert raw-request path. ``close-positions`` is the
+    safer high-level helper that builds correct close requests automatically.
+
+    Raises:
+        typer.BadParameter: If neither ``--symbol`` nor ``--ticket`` is given,
+            or if ``--yes`` is missing for a live (non-dry-run) run.
+    """
+    if not symbol and not ticket:
+        msg = "Provide at least one --symbol or --ticket to close positions."
+        raise typer.BadParameter(msg)
+    if not dry_run and not yes:
+        msg = "Pass --yes to close live positions."
+        raise typer.BadParameter(msg, param_hint="--yes")
     export_ctx = _get_export_context(ctx)
-
-    def _fetch() -> pd.DataFrame:
-        return sdk._run_with_client(  # noqa: SLF001  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
-            export_ctx.config,
-            lambda c: c.order_send_as_df(request=request),
+    client = create_trading_client(config=export_ctx.config)
+    try:
+        results = close_open_positions(
+            client,
+            symbols=list(symbol) if symbol else None,
+            tickets=list(ticket) if ticket else None,
+            deviation=deviation,
+            comment=comment,
+            magic=magic,
+            dry_run=dry_run,
         )
-
-    _execute_export(ctx, _fetch)
+    finally:
+        client.shutdown()
+    df = _execution_results_to_df(results)
+    _execute_export(ctx, lambda: df)
 
 
-@app.command()
+@app.command("history-gaps", rich_help_panel="Collection")
+def history_gaps(
+    ctx: typer.Context,
+    sqlite3_path: Annotated[
+        Path,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--sqlite3",
+            help="Source SQLite history database to analyze.",
+        ),
+    ],
+    table: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--table",
+            help="Rate table or compatibility view to inspect (repeat for multiple).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    granularity_seconds: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        typer.Option(help="Explicit bar interval in seconds for custom tables/views."),
+    ] = None,
+    min_gap_intervals: Annotated[
+        int,
+        typer.Option(help="Minimum missing-bar count required to emit a gap row."),
+    ] = 1,
+) -> None:
+    """Export SQLite rate gaps without connecting to MT5.
+
+    Raises:
+        typer.BadParameter: If no compatible rate view is available and no
+            explicit table is provided, or if granularity inference fails.
+    """
+    with sqlite3.connect(sqlite3_path) as conn:
+        tables = list(table) if table else _default_gap_tables(conn)
+        if not tables:
+            msg = (
+                "No managed rate compatibility views found; pass --table for a rate "
+                "table or view."
+            )
+            raise typer.BadParameter(msg, param_hint="--table")
+        frames: list[pd.DataFrame] = []
+        for table_name in tables:
+            interval_seconds = (
+                granularity_seconds or _infer_gap_table_granularity_seconds(table_name)
+            )
+            if interval_seconds is None:
+                msg = (
+                    f"Could not infer granularity for {table_name!r}; pass "
+                    "--granularity-seconds."
+                )
+                raise typer.BadParameter(msg, param_hint="--granularity-seconds")
+            frames.append(
+                report_rate_gaps(
+                    conn,
+                    table_name,
+                    granularity_seconds=interval_seconds,
+                    min_gap_intervals=min_gap_intervals,
+                )
+            )
+    df = (
+        pd.concat(frames, ignore_index=True)
+        if frames
+        else pd.DataFrame(columns=["table"])
+    )
+    _execute_export(ctx, lambda: df)
+
+
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Collection")
 def collect_history(
     ctx: typer.Context,
     symbol: Annotated[
@@ -639,7 +880,8 @@ def collect_history(
             "--dataset",
             help=(
                 "Dataset to include (repeat for multiple)."
-                " Defaults to all: rates, ticks, history-orders, history-deals."
+                " Defaults to rates, history-orders, history-deals."
+                " Ticks are opt-in: pass --dataset ticks to include them."
             ),
         ),
     ] = None,
@@ -656,7 +898,7 @@ def collect_history(
             click_type=TICK_FLAGS_TYPE,
             help="Tick copy flags (ALL, INFO, TRADE, or integer).",
         ),
-    ] = 1,
+    ] = "ALL",  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
     if_exists: Annotated[
         IfExists,
         typer.Option(
@@ -677,10 +919,12 @@ def collect_history(
 ) -> None:
     """Collect historical datasets into a single SQLite database.
 
-    Tables written depend on ``--dataset``: ``rates``, ``ticks``,
-    ``history_orders``, ``history_deals``. History datasets are fetched per
-    symbol and concatenated. Rates rows carry the requested ``timeframe`` so
-    appended runs at different timeframes remain distinguishable.
+    Tables written depend on ``--dataset``: ``rates``, ``history_orders``,
+    ``history_deals`` by default. ``ticks`` are opt-in: pass
+    ``--dataset ticks`` to include them (tick data grows the database quickly).
+    History datasets are fetched per symbol and concatenated. Rates rows carry
+    the requested ``timeframe`` so appended runs at different timeframes remain
+    distinguishable.
 
     With ``--with-views`` (requires the ``history-deals`` dataset), optional
     views ``cash_events`` and ``positions_reconstructed`` are derived from
@@ -696,7 +940,7 @@ def collect_history(
             " Use a .db/.sqlite/.sqlite3 extension or --format sqlite3."
         )
         raise typer.BadParameter(msg)
-    datasets = set(dataset) if dataset else set(Dataset)
+    datasets = set(dataset) if dataset is not None else None
     sdk.collect_history(
         output=export_ctx.output,
         symbols=symbol,
@@ -711,6 +955,131 @@ def collect_history(
     )
 
 
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Collection")
+def grafana_schema(
+    ctx: typer.Context,
+    publish_copy: Annotated[
+        Path | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--publish-copy",
+            help=(
+                "Publish a Grafana-ready SQLite copy to this path"
+                " after schema creation."
+            ),
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Create or refresh Grafana-ready views and indexes in a SQLite database.
+
+    Idempotent — safe to run repeatedly on the same database. Requires SQLite
+    output. Does not connect to MetaTrader 5.
+
+    Raises:
+        typer.BadParameter: If the output format is not SQLite3.
+    """
+    import sqlite3 as _sqlite3  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+    from .grafana import (  # noqa: PLC0415
+        create_snapshot_tables,
+        ensure_grafana_schema,
+        publish_grafana_copy,
+    )
+
+    export_ctx = _get_export_context(ctx)
+    if export_ctx.output_format != "sqlite3":
+        msg = (
+            "grafana-schema requires SQLite3 output."
+            " Use a .db/.sqlite/.sqlite3 extension or --format sqlite3."
+        )
+        raise typer.BadParameter(msg)
+    with _sqlite3.connect(export_ctx.output) as conn:
+        conn.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
+        conn.execute("PRAGMA synchronous=NORMAL")
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        ensure_grafana_schema(conn)
+    logger.info("Grafana schema applied to %s", export_ctx.output)
+    if publish_copy is not None:
+        publish_grafana_copy(export_ctx.output, publish_copy)
+        logger.info("Grafana copy published to %s", publish_copy)
+
+
+@app.command(rich_help_panel="Collection")
+def snapshot(
+    ctx: typer.Context,
+    symbol: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--symbol",
+            "-s",
+            help="Symbol filter for positions/orders (repeat for multiple).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    with_account: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        typer.Option("--with-account/--no-account", help="Snapshot account info."),
+    ] = True,
+    with_positions: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--with-positions/--no-positions", help="Snapshot open positions."
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    with_orders: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        typer.Option("--with-orders/--no-orders", help="Snapshot active orders."),
+    ] = True,
+    with_terminal: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        typer.Option("--with-terminal/--no-terminal", help="Snapshot terminal info."),
+    ] = True,
+    with_grafana_schema: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--with-grafana-schema/--no-grafana-schema",
+            help="Ensure Grafana views and indexes exist.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    publish_copy: Annotated[
+        Path | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--publish-copy",
+            help=("Publish a Grafana-ready SQLite copy to this path after snapshot."),
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Snapshot current account, position, order, and terminal state into SQLite.
+
+    Appends a timestamped snapshot row for each data type. Never places
+    orders or modifies trading state.
+
+    Raises:
+        typer.BadParameter: If the output format is not SQLite3.
+    """
+    export_ctx = _get_export_context(ctx)
+    if export_ctx.output_format != "sqlite3":
+        msg = (
+            "snapshot requires SQLite3 output."
+            " Use a .db/.sqlite/.sqlite3 extension or --format sqlite3."
+        )
+        raise typer.BadParameter(msg)
+    sdk.update_observability_with_config(
+        output=export_ctx.output,
+        config=export_ctx.config,
+        symbols=list(symbol) if symbol else None,
+        include_account=with_account,
+        include_positions=with_positions,
+        include_orders=with_orders,
+        include_terminal=with_terminal,
+        with_grafana_schema=with_grafana_schema,
+    )
+    logger.info("Snapshot written to %s", export_ctx.output)
+    if publish_copy is not None:
+        from .grafana import publish_grafana_copy  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        publish_grafana_copy(export_ctx.output, publish_copy)
+        logger.info("Grafana copy published to %s", publish_copy)
+
+
 def main() -> None:
     """Run the mt5cli CLI."""
     app()

mt5cli/client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Stable public client abstraction for MT5 data and execution operations."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Self
+
+from .sdk import Mt5CliClient, build_config, connected_client
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+
+    import pandas as pd
+    from pdmt5 import Mt5Config, Mt5DataClient
+
+__all__ = [
+    "MT5Client",
+    "build_config",
+    "mt5_session",
+]
+
+
+class MT5Client(Mt5CliClient):
+    """Public client for generic MT5 data access and order primitives.
+
+    Extends the read-only SDK client with optional order check/send helpers and
+    exposes the same connection lifecycle as :func:`mt5_session`.
+
+    mt5cli intentionally exposes minimal execution primitives only. Trading
+    decisions, signals, strategies, backtests, and optimization remain the
+    responsibility of downstream applications.
+    """
+
+    def order_check(self, request: dict[str, Any]) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """Check funds sufficiency for a trade request.
+
+        Args:
+            request: MT5 order request dictionary.
+
+        Returns:
+            One-row DataFrame with the order-check result.
+        """
+        return self._fetch(lambda client: client.order_check_as_df(request=request))
+
+    def order_send(self, request: dict[str, Any]) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """Send a live trade request to the MT5 trade server.
+
+        Warning:
+            This is a live execution primitive. A successful call can place,
+            modify, or close real trades on the connected account. Downstream
+            applications must gate usage explicitly (for example behind manual
+            confirmation or application-specific risk controls). mt5cli does
+            not implement strategy logic, signal generation, or trade sizing.
+
+        Args:
+            request: MT5 order request dictionary.
+
+        Returns:
+            One-row DataFrame with the order-send result.
+        """
+        return self._fetch(lambda client: client.order_send_as_df(request=request))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_connected_client(cls, client: Mt5DataClient) -> Self:
+        """Bind to an already-connected ``Mt5DataClient`` without owning it.
+
+        Returns:
+            Client wrapper bound to the injected connection.
+        """
+        return cls(client=client)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def mt5_session(config: Mt5Config | None = None) -> Iterator[MT5Client]:
+    """Open an MT5 terminal session and yield a connected :class:`MT5Client`.
+
+    Args:
+        config: MT5 connection configuration. Defaults to an empty config that
+            attaches to a running terminal.
+
+    Yields:
+        Connected :class:`MT5Client` bound to the session.
+    """
+    mt5_config = config or build_config()
+    with connected_client(mt5_config) as client:
+        yield MT5Client.from_connected_client(client)

mt5cli/contract.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Downstream SDK export tier for mt5cli."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS: frozenset[str] = frozenset({
+    "AccountSpec",
+    "MT5Client",
+    "Mt5CliError",
+    "Mt5ConnectionError",
+    "Mt5OperationError",
+    "Mt5SchemaError",
+    "OrderFillingMode",
+    "OrderSide",
+    "OrderTimeMode",
+    "PositionSide",
+    "ProjectionMode",
+    "ExecutionStatus",
+    "MarginVolume",
+    "OrderExecutionResult",
+    "OrderLimits",
+    "RateTarget",
+    "ThrottledHistoryUpdater",
+    "build_config",
+    "build_rate_targets",
+    "calculate_account_projected_margin_ratio",
+    "calculate_margin_and_volume",
+    "calculate_new_position_margin_ratio",
+    "calculate_projected_margin_ratio",
+    "calculate_positions_margin",
+    "calculate_positions_margin_by_symbol",
+    "calculate_positions_margin_safe",
+    "calculate_spread_ratio",
+    "calculate_symbol_group_margin_ratio",
+    "calculate_trailing_stop_updates",
+    "calculate_volume_by_margin",
+    "close_open_positions",
+    "collect_history",
+    "collect_latest_closed_rates_by_granularity",
+    "collect_latest_closed_rates_for_accounts",
+    "collect_latest_rates_for_accounts_with_retries",
+    "create_trading_client",
+    "detect_position_side",
+    "determine_order_limits",
+    "drop_forming_rate_bar",
+    "ensure_symbol_selected",
+    "estimate_order_margin",
+    "extract_tick_price",
+    "fetch_latest_closed_rates",
+    "fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client",
+    "fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed",
+    "fetch_recent_history_deals_for_trading_client",
+    "get_account_snapshot",
+    "get_positions_frame",
+    "get_symbol_snapshot",
+    "get_tick_snapshot",
+    "load_rate_series_by_granularity",
+    "load_rate_series_from_sqlite",
+    "mt5_session",
+    "mt5_trading_session",
+    "normalize_order_volume",
+    "place_market_order",
+    "report_rate_gaps",
+    "resolve_broker_filling_mode",
+    "resolve_account_spec",
+    "resolve_account_specs",
+    "update_history",
+    "update_history_with_config",
+    "update_observability",
+    "update_observability_with_config",
+    "update_sltp_for_open_positions",
+    "update_trailing_stop_loss_for_open_positions",
+})
+
+__all__ = ["STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS"]

mt5cli/converters.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+"""Shared conversion helpers for MT5 symbols, timeframes, and date ranges."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from pdmt5 import get_timeframe_name as _get_timeframe_name
+
+from .utils import parse_datetime, parse_tick_flags, parse_timeframe
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ensure_utc",
+    "granularity_name",
+    "normalize_symbol",
+    "normalize_symbols",
+    "parse_date_range",
+    "parse_datetime",
+    "parse_tick_flags",
+    "parse_timeframe",
+    "recent_window",
+]
+
+
+def normalize_symbol(symbol: str) -> str:
+    """Normalize a broker symbol name for MT5 API calls.
+
+    Strips surrounding whitespace while preserving broker-specific casing and
+    suffixes (for example ``XAUUSDm``, ``US500.cash``, or ``EURUSD.r``).
+
+    Args:
+        symbol: Raw symbol name.
+
+    Returns:
+        Normalized symbol string.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the symbol is empty after normalization.
+    """
+    normalized = symbol.strip()
+    if not normalized:
+        msg = "Symbol must not be empty."
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    return normalized
+
+
+def normalize_symbols(symbols: Sequence[str]) -> list[str]:
+    """Normalize a sequence of broker symbol names.
+
+    Args:
+        symbols: Raw symbol names.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of normalized, de-duplicated symbols preserving first-seen order.
+    """
+    seen: set[str] = set()
+    resolved: list[str] = []
+    for symbol in symbols:
+        normalized = normalize_symbol(symbol)
+        if normalized not in seen:
+            seen.add(normalized)
+            resolved.append(normalized)
+    return resolved
+
+
+def ensure_utc(value: datetime | str) -> datetime:
+    """Return a timezone-aware UTC datetime.
+
+    Args:
+        value: Datetime instance or ISO 8601 string.
+
+    Returns:
+        UTC-aware datetime.
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        return parse_datetime(value)
+    if value.tzinfo is None:
+        return value.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
+    return value.astimezone(UTC)
+
+
+def parse_date_range(
+    date_from: datetime | str,
+    date_to: datetime | str,
+) -> tuple[datetime, datetime]:
+    """Parse and validate an inclusive UTC date range.
+
+    Args:
+        date_from: Range start as datetime or ISO 8601 string.
+        date_to: Range end as datetime or ISO 8601 string.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of UTC-aware ``(start, end)`` datetimes.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If ``date_from`` is after ``date_to``.
+    """
+    start = ensure_utc(date_from)
+    end = ensure_utc(date_to)
+    if start > end:
+        msg = (
+            f"date_from ({start.isoformat()}) must not be after "
+            f"date_to ({end.isoformat()})."
+        )
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    return start, end
+
+
+def recent_window(
+    *,
+    hours: float | None = None,
+    seconds: float | None = None,
+    date_to: datetime | str | None = None,
+) -> tuple[datetime, datetime]:
+    """Build a trailing UTC window ending at ``date_to`` or now.
+
+    Exactly one of ``hours`` or ``seconds`` must be provided.
+
+    Args:
+        hours: Trailing window length in hours.
+        seconds: Trailing window length in seconds.
+        date_to: Window end. Defaults to current UTC time.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of UTC-aware ``(start, end)`` datetimes.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If neither or both window lengths are provided, or if a
+            length is not positive.
+    """
+    if (hours is None) == (seconds is None):
+        msg = "Provide exactly one of hours or seconds."
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    if hours is not None:
+        length = timedelta(hours=hours)
+    else:
+        length = timedelta(seconds=seconds if seconds is not None else 0)
+    if length.total_seconds() <= 0:
+        msg = "Window length must be positive."
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    end = ensure_utc(date_to) if date_to is not None else datetime.now(UTC)
+    return end - length, end
+
+
+def granularity_name(timeframe: int | str) -> str:
+    """Return a short granularity label for a timeframe integer or name.
+
+    Args:
+        timeframe: MT5 timeframe as integer or name (for example ``M1``).
+
+    Returns:
+        Short name such as ``M1`` or the stringified integer when unknown.
+    """
+    tf = parse_timeframe(timeframe)
+    try:
+        name = _get_timeframe_name(tf)
+    except ValueError:
+        return str(tf)
+    return name.removeprefix("TIMEFRAME_")

mt5cli/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""Normalized exception types for MT5 and mt5cli operations."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar
+
+from pdmt5 import Mt5RuntimeError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Mt5CliError",
+    "Mt5ConnectionError",
+    "Mt5OperationError",
+    "Mt5SchemaError",
+    "call_with_normalized_errors",
+    "is_recoverable_mt5_error",
+    "normalize_mt5_exception",
+]
+
+_RECOVERABLE_MT5_ERRORS: tuple[type[BaseException], ...] = (Mt5RuntimeError,)
+
+
+class Mt5CliError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for mt5cli public API errors."""
+
+
+class Mt5ConnectionError(Mt5CliError):
+    """Raised when MT5 initialization, login, or shutdown fails."""
+
+
+class Mt5OperationError(Mt5CliError):
+    """Raised when an MT5 data or trading operation fails."""
+
+
+class Mt5SchemaError(Mt5CliError):
+    """Raised when a DataFrame does not match an expected dataset schema."""
+
+
+def is_recoverable_mt5_error(exc: BaseException) -> bool:
+    """Return whether an exception is a transient MT5 failure worth retrying.
+
+    Args:
+        exc: Exception raised by MT5 or pdmt5.
+
+    Returns:
+        True for ``Mt5RuntimeError``.
+    """
+    return isinstance(exc, _RECOVERABLE_MT5_ERRORS)
+
+
+def normalize_mt5_exception(exc: BaseException) -> Mt5CliError:
+    """Map pdmt5/MT5 exceptions to stable mt5cli exception types.
+
+    Args:
+        exc: Original exception from MT5 or pdmt5.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``Mt5ConnectionError`` for runtime failures, or the original exception
+        when it is not recognized.
+    """
+    if isinstance(exc, Mt5RuntimeError):
+        return Mt5ConnectionError(str(exc))
+    if isinstance(exc, Mt5CliError):
+        return exc
+    return Mt5CliError(str(exc))
+
+
+def call_with_normalized_errors(fn: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
+    """Run ``fn`` and map recoverable MT5 errors to mt5cli types.
+
+    Args:
+        fn: Callable performing MT5 work.
+
+    Returns:
+        Value returned by ``fn``.
+    """
+    try:
+        return fn()
+    except _RECOVERABLE_MT5_ERRORS as exc:
+        normalized = normalize_mt5_exception(exc)
+        raise normalized from exc

mt5cli/grafana.py

@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+"""Grafana-oriented SQLite views, indexes, and snapshot tables."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import datetime
+import logging
+import os
+import sqlite3
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import cast
+
+from .history import get_table_columns
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_TRADE_DEAL_TYPES_SQL = "(0, 1)"
+
+_GRAFANA_VIEW_NAMES = (
+    "grafana_rates",
+    "grafana_ticks",
+    "grafana_history_deals",
+    "grafana_history_orders",
+    "grafana_trade_deals",
+    "grafana_cash_events",
+    "grafana_realized_pnl",
+    "grafana_symbol_pnl",
+    "grafana_trade_stats",
+    "grafana_account_snapshots",
+    "grafana_position_snapshots",
+    "grafana_order_snapshots",
+    "grafana_terminal_snapshots",
+)
+
+
+def _to_epoch_int(value: object) -> int | None:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
+        return int(value.timestamp())
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        return int(value)
+    return None
+
+
+def _time_col_expr(col: str) -> str:
+    return (
+        f"CASE WHEN typeof(\"{col}\") IN ('integer', 'real')"
+        f' THEN CAST("{col}" AS INTEGER)'
+        f" ELSE CAST(strftime('%s', \"{col}\") AS INTEGER) END"
+    )
+
+
+def _create_view_safe(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    name: str,
+    select_sql: str,
+) -> None:
+    try:
+        conn.execute(f'DROP VIEW IF EXISTS "{name}"')
+        conn.execute(f'CREATE VIEW "{name}" AS {select_sql}')
+    except sqlite3.Error as exc:
+        logger.warning("Skipping view %s: %s", name, exc)
+
+
+def _other_cols(all_cols: set[str], exclude: set[str]) -> list[str]:
+    return sorted(all_cols - exclude)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Snapshot table DDL
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_SNAPSHOT_TABLE_DDLS: list[str] = [
+    """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS snapshot_runs (
+        run_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+        observed_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        status TEXT NOT NULL,
+        detail TEXT
+    )""",
+    """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS account_snapshots (
+        run_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        login INTEGER,
+        currency TEXT,
+        balance REAL,
+        equity REAL,
+        margin REAL,
+        margin_free REAL,
+        margin_level REAL,
+        profit REAL,
+        leverage INTEGER
+    )""",
+    """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS position_snapshots (
+        run_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        login INTEGER,
+        ticket INTEGER,
+        position_id INTEGER,
+        symbol TEXT,
+        type INTEGER,
+        volume REAL,
+        price_open REAL,
+        price_current REAL,
+        profit REAL,
+        swap REAL,
+        comment TEXT,
+        magic INTEGER
+    )""",
+    """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS order_snapshots (
+        run_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        login INTEGER,
+        ticket INTEGER,
+        symbol TEXT,
+        type INTEGER,
+        volume_current REAL,
+        price_open REAL,
+        price_current REAL,
+        state INTEGER,
+        comment TEXT,
+        magic INTEGER,
+        time_setup INTEGER
+    )""",
+    """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS terminal_snapshots (
+        run_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        name TEXT,
+        connected INTEGER,
+        community_account INTEGER,
+        trade_allowed INTEGER,
+        trade_expert INTEGER,
+        path TEXT,
+        company TEXT,
+        language TEXT
+    )""",
+]
+
+
+def create_snapshot_tables(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    """Create snapshot tables idempotently."""
+    for ddl in _SNAPSHOT_TABLE_DDLS:
+        conn.execute(ddl)
+
+
+def start_snapshot_run(conn: sqlite3.Connection, observed_at: int) -> int:
+    """Insert a snapshot_runs row with status 'running' and return its run_id.
+
+    Returns:
+        The auto-assigned run_id for the new row.
+    """
+    cursor = conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO snapshot_runs (observed_at, status) VALUES (?, 'running')",
+        (observed_at,),
+    )
+    return cast("int", cursor.lastrowid)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# View builders
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _build_grafana_rates(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, "rates")
+    required = {"time", "symbol", "timeframe"}
+    if not required.issubset(cols):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping grafana_rates: rates table missing columns %s",
+            sorted(required - cols),
+        )
+        return
+    time_expr = _time_col_expr("time")
+    others = _other_cols(cols, {"time"})
+    other_sql = ", ".join(f'"{c}"' for c in others)
+    _create_view_safe(
+        conn,
+        "grafana_rates",
+        f'SELECT {time_expr} AS "time", {other_sql} FROM "rates"',  # noqa: S608
+    )
+
+
+def _build_grafana_ticks(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, "ticks")
+    required = {"time", "symbol"}
+    if not required.issubset(cols):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping grafana_ticks: ticks table missing columns %s",
+            sorted(required - cols),
+        )
+        return
+    time_expr = _time_col_expr("time")
+    others = _other_cols(cols, {"time"})
+    other_sql = ", ".join(f'"{c}"' for c in others)
+    _create_view_safe(
+        conn,
+        "grafana_ticks",
+        f'SELECT {time_expr} AS "time", {other_sql} FROM "ticks"',  # noqa: S608
+    )
+
+
+def _build_grafana_history_deals(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, "history_deals")
+    if "time" not in cols:
+        logger.warning("Skipping grafana_history_deals: history_deals.time is missing")
+        return
+    time_expr = _time_col_expr("time")
+    others = _other_cols(cols, {"time"})
+    other_sql = ", ".join(f'"{c}"' for c in others)
+    _create_view_safe(
+        conn,
+        "grafana_history_deals",
+        f'SELECT {time_expr} AS "time", {other_sql} FROM "history_deals"',  # noqa: S608
+    )
+
+
+def _build_grafana_history_orders(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, "history_orders")
+    if "time_setup" not in cols:
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping grafana_history_orders: history_orders.time_setup is missing"
+        )
+        return
+    time_expr = _time_col_expr("time_setup")
+    others = _other_cols(cols, set())
+    other_sql = ", ".join(f'"{c}"' for c in others)
+    _create_view_safe(
+        conn,
+        "grafana_history_orders",
+        f'SELECT {time_expr} AS "time", {other_sql} FROM "history_orders"',  # noqa: S608
+    )
+
+
+def _build_grafana_trade_deals(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, "history_deals")
+    required = {"time", "type"}
+    if not required.issubset(cols):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping grafana_trade_deals: history_deals missing columns %s",
+            sorted(required - cols),
+        )
+        return
+    time_expr = _time_col_expr("time")
+    others = _other_cols(cols, {"time"})
+    other_sql = ", ".join(f'"{c}"' for c in others)
+    _create_view_safe(
+        conn,
+        "grafana_trade_deals",
+        f'SELECT {time_expr} AS "time", {other_sql}'  # noqa: S608
+        f' FROM "history_deals" WHERE "type" IN {_TRADE_DEAL_TYPES_SQL}',
+    )
+
+
+def _build_grafana_cash_events(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, "history_deals")
+    required = {"time", "type"}
+    if not required.issubset(cols):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping grafana_cash_events: history_deals missing columns %s",
+            sorted(required - cols),
+        )
+        return
+    time_expr = _time_col_expr("time")
+    others = _other_cols(cols, {"time"})
+    other_sql = ", ".join(f'"{c}"' for c in others)
+    _create_view_safe(
+        conn,
+        "grafana_cash_events",
+        f'SELECT {time_expr} AS "time", {other_sql}'  # noqa: S608
+        f' FROM "history_deals" WHERE "type" NOT IN {_TRADE_DEAL_TYPES_SQL}',
+    )
+
+
+def _build_grafana_realized_pnl(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, "history_deals")
+    required = {"symbol", "profit", "type", "entry"}
+    if not required.issubset(cols):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping grafana_realized_pnl: history_deals missing columns %s",
+            sorted(required - cols),
+        )
+        return
+    _create_view_safe(
+        conn,
+        "grafana_realized_pnl",
+        'SELECT "symbol",'  # noqa: S608
+        ' SUM("profit") AS cumulative_pnl, COUNT(*) AS deal_count'
+        ' FROM "history_deals"'
+        f' WHERE "type" IN {_TRADE_DEAL_TYPES_SQL}'
+        ' AND "entry" IN (1, 2, 3)'
+        ' AND "symbol" IS NOT NULL AND "symbol" != \'\''
+        ' GROUP BY "symbol"',
+    )
+
+
+def _build_grafana_symbol_pnl(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, "history_deals")
+    required = {"time", "symbol", "profit", "type", "entry"}
+    if not required.issubset(cols):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping grafana_symbol_pnl: history_deals missing columns %s",
+            sorted(required - cols),
+        )
+        return
+    time_expr = _time_col_expr("time")
+    select_parts = [f'{time_expr} AS "time"', '"symbol"', '"profit"']
+    if "volume" in cols:
+        select_parts.append('"volume"')
+    if "price" in cols:
+        select_parts.append('"price"')
+    select_sql = ", ".join(select_parts)
+    _create_view_safe(
+        conn,
+        "grafana_symbol_pnl",
+        f'SELECT {select_sql} FROM "history_deals"'  # noqa: S608
+        f' WHERE "type" IN {_TRADE_DEAL_TYPES_SQL}'
+        ' AND "entry" IN (1, 2, 3)'
+        ' AND "symbol" IS NOT NULL AND "symbol" != \'\'',
+    )
+
+
+def _build_grafana_trade_stats(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, "history_deals")
+    required = {"symbol", "profit", "type"}
+    if not required.issubset(cols):
+        logger.warning(
+            "Skipping grafana_trade_stats: history_deals missing columns %s",
+            sorted(required - cols),
+        )
+        return
+    has_entry = "entry" in cols
+    entry_filter = ' AND "entry" IN (1, 2, 3)' if has_entry else ""
+    _create_view_safe(
+        conn,
+        "grafana_trade_stats",
+        'SELECT "symbol",'  # noqa: S608
+        " COUNT(*) AS total_deals,"
+        ' SUM(CASE WHEN "profit" > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS winning_deals,'
+        ' SUM(CASE WHEN "profit" <= 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS losing_deals,'
+        ' SUM("profit") AS total_profit,'
+        ' AVG("profit") AS avg_profit,'
+        ' MAX("profit") AS max_profit,'
+        ' MIN("profit") AS min_profit'
+        ' FROM "history_deals"'
+        f' WHERE "type" IN {_TRADE_DEAL_TYPES_SQL}'
+        f"{entry_filter}"
+        ' AND "symbol" IS NOT NULL AND "symbol" != \'\''
+        ' GROUP BY "symbol"',
+    )
+
+
+def _build_snapshot_view(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    view_name: str,
+    table_name: str,
+) -> None:
+    cols = get_table_columns(conn, table_name)
+    if not cols:
+        logger.warning("Skipping %s: %s table missing", view_name, table_name)
+        return
+    if "run_id" not in cols:
+        logger.warning("Skipping %s: %s missing run_id column", view_name, table_name)
+        return
+    others = _other_cols(cols, {"run_id"})
+    run_cols = get_table_columns(conn, "snapshot_runs")
+    if {"run_id", "observed_at", "status"}.issubset(run_cols):
+        other_sql = (", " + ", ".join(f's."{c}"' for c in others)) if others else ""
+        select_cols = f'r."observed_at" AS "time", s."run_id"{other_sql}'
+        _create_view_safe(
+            conn,
+            view_name,
+            f'SELECT {select_cols} FROM "{table_name}" s'  # noqa: S608
+            f' JOIN "snapshot_runs" r ON s."run_id" = r."run_id"'
+            f" WHERE r.\"status\" = 'ok'",
+        )
+    else:
+        logger.warning("Skipping %s: snapshot_runs missing required columns", view_name)
+
+
+def _build_grafana_account_snapshots(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    _build_snapshot_view(conn, "grafana_account_snapshots", "account_snapshots")
+
+
+def _build_grafana_position_snapshots(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    _build_snapshot_view(conn, "grafana_position_snapshots", "position_snapshots")
+
+
+def _build_grafana_order_snapshots(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    _build_snapshot_view(conn, "grafana_order_snapshots", "order_snapshots")
+
+
+def _build_grafana_terminal_snapshots(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    _build_snapshot_view(conn, "grafana_terminal_snapshots", "terminal_snapshots")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Public API
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def create_grafana_views(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    """Create all Grafana-facing views idempotently.
+
+    Missing source tables cause the affected view to be skipped with a warning;
+    other views are unaffected. Stale views whose source table or required
+    columns have disappeared are dropped before rebuild.
+    """
+    for name in _GRAFANA_VIEW_NAMES:
+        conn.execute(f'DROP VIEW IF EXISTS "{name}"')
+    _build_grafana_rates(conn)
+    _build_grafana_ticks(conn)
+    _build_grafana_history_deals(conn)
+    _build_grafana_history_orders(conn)
+    _build_grafana_trade_deals(conn)
+    _build_grafana_cash_events(conn)
+    _build_grafana_realized_pnl(conn)
+    _build_grafana_symbol_pnl(conn)
+    _build_grafana_trade_stats(conn)
+    _build_grafana_account_snapshots(conn)
+    _build_grafana_position_snapshots(conn)
+    _build_grafana_order_snapshots(conn)
+    _build_grafana_terminal_snapshots(conn)
+
+
+def create_grafana_indexes(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    """Create Grafana query performance indexes idempotently."""
+    rates_cols = get_table_columns(conn, "rates")
+    if {"time", "symbol", "timeframe"}.issubset(rates_cols):
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_rates_time_symbol_timeframe"
+            ' ON "rates"("time", "symbol", "timeframe")',
+        )
+
+    ticks_cols = get_table_columns(conn, "ticks")
+    if {"time", "symbol"}.issubset(ticks_cols):
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_ticks_time_symbol"
+            ' ON "ticks"("time", "symbol")',
+        )
+
+    deals_cols = get_table_columns(conn, "history_deals")
+    if {"time", "symbol"}.issubset(deals_cols):
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_history_deals_time_symbol"
+            ' ON "history_deals"("time", "symbol")',
+        )
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_history_deals_symbol_time"
+            ' ON "history_deals"("symbol", "time")',
+        )
+
+    orders_cols = get_table_columns(conn, "history_orders")
+    if {"time_setup", "symbol"}.issubset(orders_cols):
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_history_orders_time_setup_symbol"
+            ' ON "history_orders"("time_setup", "symbol")',
+        )
+
+    if {"run_id", "login"}.issubset(get_table_columns(conn, "account_snapshots")):
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_account_snapshots_time_login"
+            ' ON "account_snapshots"("run_id", "login")',
+        )
+    if {"run_id", "symbol"}.issubset(get_table_columns(conn, "position_snapshots")):
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_position_snapshots_time_symbol"
+            ' ON "position_snapshots"("run_id", "symbol")',
+        )
+    if {"run_id", "symbol"}.issubset(get_table_columns(conn, "order_snapshots")):
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_order_snapshots_time_symbol"
+            ' ON "order_snapshots"("run_id", "symbol")',
+        )
+    if {"observed_at", "status"}.issubset(get_table_columns(conn, "snapshot_runs")):
+        conn.execute(
+            "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_snapshot_runs_time_status"
+            ' ON "snapshot_runs"("observed_at", "status")',
+        )
+
+
+def ensure_grafana_schema(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    """Create snapshot tables, Grafana views, and indexes idempotently."""
+    create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+    create_grafana_views(conn)
+    create_grafana_indexes(conn)
+
+
+def publish_grafana_copy(
+    source: str | Path,
+    target: str | Path,
+) -> Path:
+    """Publish a consistent SQLite copy for Grafana using the backup API.
+
+    Uses the SQLite online backup API for a WAL-safe, consistent snapshot of
+    the source database. Writes to a temporary file beside the target, then
+    atomically replaces it so that a previous published copy is preserved if
+    publishing fails.
+
+    Args:
+        source: Path to the source SQLite database.
+        target: Destination path for the published copy.
+
+    Returns:
+        The resolved absolute target path.
+
+    Raises:
+        FileNotFoundError: If the source database does not exist.
+        ValueError: If source and target resolve to the same path.
+    """
+    source_path = Path(source)
+    target_path = Path(target)
+    if source_path.resolve() == target_path.resolve():
+        msg = "--publish-copy target must differ from the source database: " + str(
+            source_path
+        )
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    if not source_path.exists():
+        raise FileNotFoundError(source_path)
+
+    target_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    tmp_fd, tmp_str = tempfile.mkstemp(
+        dir=target_path.parent,
+        suffix=".tmp",
+        prefix=target_path.name + ".",
+    )
+    tmp_path = Path(tmp_str)
+    try:
+        os.close(tmp_fd)
+        with (
+            contextlib.closing(sqlite3.connect(source_path)) as src,
+            contextlib.closing(sqlite3.connect(tmp_path)) as dst,
+        ):
+            src.backup(dst)
+        try:
+            target_mode = target_path.stat().st_mode & 0o777
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            target_mode = 0o644
+        Path(tmp_path).chmod(target_mode)
+        tmp_path.replace(target_path)
+    except Exception:
+        with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+            tmp_path.unlink()
+        raise
+
+    logger.info("Published Grafana copy: %s -> %s", source_path, target_path)
+    return target_path.resolve()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Snapshot insert helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def insert_account_snapshot(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    run_id: int,
+    row: dict[str, object],
+) -> None:
+    """Append one account state row to account_snapshots."""
+    conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO account_snapshots"
+        " (run_id, login, currency, balance, equity,"
+        "  margin, margin_free, margin_level, profit, leverage)"
+        " VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+        (
+            run_id,
+            row.get("login"),
+            row.get("currency"),
+            row.get("balance"),
+            row.get("equity"),
+            row.get("margin"),
+            row.get("margin_free"),
+            row.get("margin_level"),
+            row.get("profit"),
+            row.get("leverage"),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def insert_position_snapshots(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    run_id: int,
+    login: int | None,
+    rows: list[dict[str, object]],
+) -> None:
+    """Append position rows to position_snapshots; no-op when rows is empty."""
+    if not rows:
+        return
+    conn.executemany(
+        "INSERT INTO position_snapshots"
+        " (run_id, login, ticket, position_id, symbol, type, volume,"
+        "  price_open, price_current, profit, swap, comment, magic)"
+        " VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+        [
+            (
+                run_id,
+                login,
+                r.get("ticket"),
+                r.get("position_id"),
+                r.get("symbol"),
+                r.get("type"),
+                r.get("volume"),
+                r.get("price_open"),
+                r.get("price_current"),
+                r.get("profit"),
+                r.get("swap"),
+                r.get("comment"),
+                r.get("magic"),
+            )
+            for r in rows
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def insert_order_snapshots(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    run_id: int,
+    login: int | None,
+    rows: list[dict[str, object]],
+) -> None:
+    """Append order rows to order_snapshots; no-op when rows is empty."""
+    if not rows:
+        return
+    conn.executemany(
+        "INSERT INTO order_snapshots"
+        " (run_id, login, ticket, symbol, type, volume_current,"
+        "  price_open, price_current, state, comment, magic, time_setup)"
+        " VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+        [
+            (
+                run_id,
+                login,
+                r.get("ticket"),
+                r.get("symbol"),
+                r.get("type"),
+                r.get("volume_current"),
+                r.get("price_open"),
+                r.get("price_current"),
+                r.get("state"),
+                r.get("comment"),
+                r.get("magic"),
+                _to_epoch_int(r.get("time_setup")),
+            )
+            for r in rows
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def insert_terminal_snapshot(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    run_id: int,
+    row: dict[str, object],
+) -> None:
+    """Append one terminal state row to terminal_snapshots."""
+    conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO terminal_snapshots"
+        " (run_id, name, connected, community_account,"
+        "  trade_allowed, trade_expert, path, company, language)"
+        " VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+        (
+            run_id,
+            row.get("name"),
+            row.get("connected"),
+            row.get("community_account"),
+            row.get("trade_allowed"),
+            row.get("trade_expert"),
+            row.get("path"),
+            row.get("company"),
+            row.get("language"),
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def record_snapshot_run(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    run_id: int,
+    status: str,
+    detail: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Finalize a snapshot run by setting its status."""
+    conn.execute(
+        "UPDATE snapshot_runs SET status = ?, detail = ? WHERE run_id = ?",
+        (status, detail, run_id),
+    )

mt5cli/history.py

@@ -3,16 +3,19 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
+import re
 import sqlite3
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal, SupportsInt, cast, overload
 
 import pandas as pd
+from pdmt5 import get_timeframe_name as _get_timeframe_name
 
+from .schemas import DEDUP_KEYS, DataKind, ensure_utc_columns
 from .utils import (
-    TIMEFRAME_MAP,
+    TIMEFRAME_NAMES,
     Dataset,
     IfExists,
     parse_datetime,
@@ -27,13 +30,25 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-DEFAULT_HISTORY_TIMEFRAMES: tuple[str, ...] = tuple(TIMEFRAME_MAP)
+_SQLITE_TEXT_TIME_COLUMNS: frozenset[str] = frozenset({
+    "time",
+    "time_setup",
+    "time_done",
+})
+_SQLITE_CANONICAL_TIME_FORMAT = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%f+00:00"
+
+DEFAULT_HISTORY_TIMEFRAMES: tuple[str, ...] = TIMEFRAME_NAMES
+DEFAULT_HISTORY_DATASETS: frozenset[Dataset] = frozenset({
+    Dataset.rates,
+    Dataset.history_orders,
+    Dataset.history_deals,
+})
 
 _HISTORY_DEDUP_KEYS: dict[Dataset, tuple[tuple[str, ...], ...]] = {
-    Dataset.rates: (("symbol", "timeframe", "time"), ("symbol", "time")),
-    Dataset.ticks: (("symbol", "time_msc"), ("symbol", "time")),
-    Dataset.history_orders: (("ticket",), ("symbol", "time", "type")),
-    Dataset.history_deals: (("ticket",), ("symbol", "time", "type", "entry")),
+    Dataset.rates: DEDUP_KEYS[DataKind.rates],
+    Dataset.ticks: DEDUP_KEYS[DataKind.ticks],
+    Dataset.history_orders: DEDUP_KEYS[DataKind.history_orders],
+    Dataset.history_deals: DEDUP_KEYS[DataKind.history_deals],
 }
 
 _TRADE_DEAL_TYPES: tuple[int, int] = (0, 1)
@@ -49,6 +64,20 @@ _POSITIONS_VIEW_REQUIRED_COLUMNS: frozenset[str] = frozenset({
     "price",
     "profit",
 })
+_RATE_GAP_COLUMNS: tuple[str, ...] = (
+    "table",
+    "symbol",
+    "timeframe",
+    "granularity",
+    "granularity_seconds",
+    "gap_start",
+    "gap_end",
+    "missing_intervals",
+)
+_RATE_VIEW_NAME_RE = re.compile(
+    r"^rate_(?P<symbol>.+)__(?:(?P<granularity>[A-Z0-9]+)_)?(?P<timeframe>\d+)$",
+)
+_MIN_TIMESTAMPS_FOR_GAPS = 2
 
 
 def quote_sqlite_identifier(identifier: str) -> str:
@@ -60,11 +89,12 @@ def resolve_history_datasets(datasets: set[Dataset] | None) -> set[Dataset]:
     """Resolve configured history datasets.
 
     Returns:
-        All supported datasets when ``datasets`` is None, otherwise the
-        configured selection (which may be empty).
+        ``DEFAULT_HISTORY_DATASETS`` (rates, history-orders, history-deals)
+        when ``datasets`` is None, otherwise the configured selection (which
+        may be empty or explicitly include ``Dataset.ticks``).
     """
     if datasets is None:
-        return set(Dataset)
+        return set(DEFAULT_HISTORY_DATASETS)
     return set(datasets)
 
 
@@ -80,7 +110,7 @@ def resolve_history_timeframes(
     seen: set[int] = set()
     resolved: list[int] = []
     for value in raw:
-        tf = value if isinstance(value, int) else parse_timeframe(str(value))
+        tf = parse_timeframe(value)
         if tf not in seen:
             seen.add(tf)
             resolved.append(tf)
@@ -93,17 +123,33 @@ def resolve_history_tick_flags(flags: int | str) -> int:
     Returns:
         Integer tick flag value.
     """
-    if isinstance(flags, int):
-        return flags
     return parse_tick_flags(flags)
 
 
 def resolve_granularity_name(timeframe: int) -> str:
     """Return a granularity name for a timeframe integer when known."""
-    for name, value in TIMEFRAME_MAP.items():
-        if value == timeframe:
-            return name
-    return str(timeframe)
+    try:
+        name = _get_timeframe_name(timeframe)
+    except ValueError:
+        return str(timeframe)
+    return name.removeprefix("TIMEFRAME_")
+
+
+def drop_forming_rate_bar(df_rate: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """Return closed bars from chronologically ordered MT5 rate data.
+
+    MetaTrader 5 ``copy_rates_from_pos(start_pos=0)`` includes the still-forming
+    current bar as the last row. Slice it off so downstream logic only sees
+    completed bars. Empty frames and single-row frames return empty results.
+
+    Args:
+        df_rate: Rate data ordered oldest-to-newest with the forming bar last.
+
+    Returns:
+        A new DataFrame with all rows except the last. Index and columns are
+        preserved. The input frame is not modified.
+    """
+    return df_rate.iloc[:-1].copy()
 
 
 def build_rate_view_name(
@@ -124,6 +170,26 @@ def build_rate_view_name(
     return f"rate_{symbol}__{granularity}_{timeframe}"
 
 
+def resolve_rate_table_name(symbol: str, granularity: str) -> str:
+    """Return the canonical normalized SQLite rate table name.
+
+    The normalized history table stores all symbols and timeframes in
+    ``rates``; use :func:`resolve_rate_view_name` for per-symbol compatibility
+    view names.
+
+    Returns:
+        Canonical normalized rates table name.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If ``symbol`` or ``granularity`` is invalid.
+    """
+    parse_timeframe(granularity)
+    if not symbol.strip():
+        msg = "symbol must not be empty."
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    return Dataset.rates.table_name
+
+
 SqliteConnOrPath = sqlite3.Connection | Path | str
 
 
@@ -180,6 +246,155 @@ def _open_existing_sqlite_database(
     return conn, True
 
 
+def _empty_rate_gap_report() -> pd.DataFrame:
+    return pd.DataFrame(columns=_RATE_GAP_COLUMNS)
+
+
+def _coerce_optional_int(value: object) -> int | None:
+    if value is None or isinstance(value, bool):
+        return None
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        text = value.strip()
+        if text.lstrip("+-").isdigit():
+            return int(text)
+        return None
+    if not hasattr(value, "__int__"):
+        return None
+    try:
+        return int(cast("SupportsInt", value))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+
+
+def _rate_gap_metadata(
+    table: str,
+    frame: pd.DataFrame,
+    *,
+    granularity_seconds: int,
+) -> dict[str, object]:
+    symbol: str | None = None
+    timeframe: int | None = None
+    granularity: str | None = None
+
+    if "symbol" in frame.columns:
+        symbols = {str(value) for value in frame["symbol"].dropna().unique()}
+        if len(symbols) == 1:
+            symbol = next(iter(symbols))
+    if "timeframe" in frame.columns:
+        timeframes = {
+            coerced
+            for value in frame["timeframe"].dropna().unique()
+            if (coerced := _coerce_optional_int(value)) is not None
+        }
+        if len(timeframes) == 1:
+            timeframe = next(iter(timeframes))
+
+    if timeframe is None and (match := _RATE_VIEW_NAME_RE.fullmatch(table)) is not None:
+        symbol = symbol or match.group("symbol")
+        timeframe = int(match.group("timeframe"))
+        granularity = match.group("granularity") or resolve_granularity_name(timeframe)
+
+    if timeframe is not None and granularity is None:
+        granularity = resolve_granularity_name(timeframe)
+
+    return {
+        "table": table,
+        "symbol": symbol,
+        "timeframe": timeframe,
+        "granularity": granularity,
+        "granularity_seconds": granularity_seconds,
+    }
+
+
+def _iter_rate_gap_groups(frame: pd.DataFrame) -> list[pd.DataFrame]:
+    series_columns = [
+        column for column in ("symbol", "timeframe") if column in frame.columns
+    ]
+    if not series_columns:
+        return [frame]
+    return [
+        group for _, group in frame.groupby(series_columns, dropna=False, sort=False)
+    ]
+
+
+def report_rate_gaps(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    table: str,
+    *,
+    granularity_seconds: int,
+    min_gap_intervals: int = 1,
+) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """Return one row per detected gap from a SQLite rate table or view.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the table name, schema, timestamps, or gap parameters
+            are invalid.
+    """
+    table_name = _validate_rate_load_request(table, count=None)
+    if granularity_seconds <= 0:
+        msg = "granularity_seconds must be positive."
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    if min_gap_intervals <= 0:
+        msg = "min_gap_intervals must be positive."
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    columns = get_table_columns(conn, table_name)
+    _ensure_rate_columns(columns, table_name)
+    quoted_table = quote_sqlite_identifier(table_name)
+    frame = cast(
+        "pd.DataFrame",
+        pd.read_sql_query(  # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
+            f"SELECT * FROM {quoted_table} ORDER BY time ASC",  # noqa: S608
+            conn,
+        ),
+    )
+    if frame.empty:
+        return _empty_rate_gap_report()
+
+    parsed_times = frame["time"].map(parse_sqlite_timestamp)
+    if parsed_times.isna().any():
+        msg = f"SQLite table or view {table_name!r} contains unparsable time values."
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    series_frame = frame.copy()
+    series_frame["time"] = parsed_times
+    rows: list[dict[str, object]] = []
+    for group in _iter_rate_gap_groups(series_frame):
+        unique_times = group["time"].drop_duplicates().sort_values(ignore_index=True)
+        if len(unique_times) < _MIN_TIMESTAMPS_FOR_GAPS:
+            continue
+
+        metadata = _rate_gap_metadata(
+            table_name,
+            group,
+            granularity_seconds=granularity_seconds,
+        )
+        deltas = unique_times.diff().dropna()
+        for index, delta in enumerate(deltas, start=1):
+            delta_seconds = int(delta.total_seconds())
+            missing_intervals = max(
+                ((delta_seconds + (granularity_seconds - 1)) // granularity_seconds)
+                - 1,
+                0,
+            )
+            if missing_intervals < min_gap_intervals:
+                continue
+            previous_time = unique_times.iloc[index - 1]
+            next_time = unique_times.iloc[index]
+            rows.append({
+                **metadata,
+                "gap_start": (
+                    previous_time.to_pydatetime()
+                    + timedelta(seconds=granularity_seconds)
+                ),
+                "gap_end": (
+                    next_time.to_pydatetime() - timedelta(seconds=granularity_seconds)
+                ),
+                "missing_intervals": missing_intervals,
+            })
+    return pd.DataFrame(rows, columns=_RATE_GAP_COLUMNS)
+
+
 def _validate_rate_load_request(table: str, count: int | None) -> str:
     table_name = _require_non_empty_identifier(table, "table or view")
     if count is not None and count <= 0:
@@ -635,34 +850,76 @@ def resolve_rate_tables(
             conn.close()
 
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+    @overload
+    def load_rate_series_from_sqlite(
+        conn_or_path: SqliteConnOrPath,
+        targets: None = None,
+        count: int | None = None,
+        explicit_tables: None = None,
+        *,
+        table: str,
+    ) -> pd.DataFrame: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def load_rate_series_from_sqlite(
+        conn_or_path: SqliteConnOrPath,
+        targets: None = None,
+        count: int | None = None,
+        explicit_tables: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        *,
+        table: None = None,
+    ) -> dict[tuple[str | None, int], pd.DataFrame]: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def load_rate_series_from_sqlite(
+        conn_or_path: SqliteConnOrPath,
+        targets: Sequence[RateTarget],
+        count: int,
+        explicit_tables: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+        *,
+        table: None = None,
+    ) -> dict[tuple[str | None, int], pd.DataFrame]: ...
+
+
 def load_rate_series_from_sqlite(
     conn_or_path: SqliteConnOrPath,
-    targets: Sequence[RateTarget],
-    count: int,
+    targets: Sequence[RateTarget] | None = None,
+    count: int | None = None,
     explicit_tables: Sequence[str] | None = None,
-) -> dict[tuple[str | None, int], pd.DataFrame]:
-    """Load multiple rate series from a SQLite database.
+    *,
+    table: str | None = None,
+) -> dict[tuple[str | None, int], pd.DataFrame] | pd.DataFrame:
+    """Load one table/view or multiple rate series from a SQLite database.
 
     Args:
         conn_or_path: SQLite database path or open connection.
-        targets: Rate targets to load. Each ``(symbol, timeframe_int)`` pair
-            must be unique.
-        count: Number of most recent rows to load per series.
+        targets: Rate targets to load. Each ``(symbol, timeframe_int)`` pair must
+            be unique. Omit when loading a single explicit ``table``.
+        count: Optional number of most recent rows to load per series.
         explicit_tables: Optional explicit table or view names matching targets.
             When omitted, managed ``rate_*`` compatibility views must already
             exist in the database.
+        table: Optional single table or view name to load directly.
 
     Returns:
-        Mapping keyed by ``(symbol, timeframe_int)`` to each rate DataFrame.
+        A DataFrame when ``table`` is provided, otherwise a mapping keyed by
+        ``(symbol, timeframe_int)`` to each rate DataFrame.
 
     Raises:
         ValueError: If ``count`` is not positive, targets are empty, duplicate
             ``(symbol, timeframe_int)`` pairs are present, or table resolution
             fails.
     """
-    if count <= 0:
+    if table is not None:
+        return load_rate_data(conn_or_path, table, count=count)
+    if count is None or count <= 0:
         msg = "count must be positive."
         raise ValueError(msg)
+    if targets is None:
+        msg = "targets are required when table is not provided."
+        raise ValueError(msg)
     target_list = list(targets)
     if not target_list:
         msg = "At least one rate target is required."
@@ -706,6 +963,55 @@ def load_rate_series_from_sqlite(
             conn.close()
 
 
+def load_rate_series_by_granularity(
+    conn_or_path: SqliteConnOrPath,
+    symbols: Sequence[str],
+    granularities: Sequence[int | str],
+    count: int,
+    *,
+    explicit_tables: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    allow_missing_symbol: bool = False,
+) -> dict[tuple[str | None, str], pd.DataFrame]:
+    """Load rate series keyed by symbol and string granularity name.
+
+    Builds targets with :func:`build_rate_targets` and loads them with
+    :func:`load_rate_series_from_sqlite`, then rekeys the result by granularity
+    name (for example ``M1``) instead of the integer timeframe to reduce
+    downstream boilerplate.
+
+    Args:
+        conn_or_path: SQLite database path or open connection.
+        symbols: MT5 symbol names. May be empty when ``allow_missing_symbol``.
+        granularities: MT5 timeframes as integers or names (for example ``M1``).
+        count: Number of most recent rows to load per series.
+        explicit_tables: Optional explicit table or view names matching the
+            built targets in row-major order. Required when symbols are omitted.
+        allow_missing_symbol: When True and ``symbols`` is empty, build targets
+            with ``symbol=None`` for each granularity instead of raising.
+
+    Returns:
+        Mapping keyed by ``(symbol | None, granularity_name)`` to each rate
+        DataFrame. Propagates ``ValueError`` (via :func:`build_rate_targets` and
+        :func:`load_rate_series_from_sqlite`) when inputs are empty or invalid,
+        table resolution fails, or duplicate targets are present.
+    """
+    targets = build_rate_targets(
+        symbols,
+        granularities,
+        allow_missing_symbol=allow_missing_symbol,
+    )
+    series = load_rate_series_from_sqlite(
+        conn_or_path,
+        targets,
+        count,
+        explicit_tables=explicit_tables,
+    )
+    return {
+        (symbol, resolve_granularity_name(timeframe)): frame
+        for (symbol, timeframe), frame in series.items()
+    }
+
+
 def get_table_columns(conn: sqlite3.Connection, table: str) -> set[str]:
     """Return existing SQLite columns for a table."""
     quoted_table = quote_sqlite_identifier(table)
@@ -742,6 +1048,72 @@ def parse_sqlite_timestamp(value: object) -> datetime | None:
     return None
 
 
+def _serialize_sqlite_timestamp(value: object) -> str | None:
+    parsed = parse_sqlite_timestamp(value)
+    if parsed is None:
+        return None
+    utc_value = parsed if parsed.tzinfo is not None else parsed.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
+    utc_value = utc_value.astimezone(UTC)
+    timespec = "microseconds" if utc_value.microsecond else "seconds"
+    return utc_value.isoformat(timespec=timespec)
+
+
+def _require_serialized_sqlite_timestamp(value: object) -> str:
+    serialized = _serialize_sqlite_timestamp(value)
+    if serialized is None:
+        msg = f"Invalid SQLite timestamp boundary: {value!r}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
+    return serialized
+
+
+def _canonicalize_sqlite_time_columns(frame: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    columns = [
+        column for column in _SQLITE_TEXT_TIME_COLUMNS if column in frame.columns
+    ]
+    if not columns:
+        return frame
+    normalized = ensure_utc_columns(frame, columns)
+    for column in columns:
+        normalized[column] = normalized[column].map(_serialize_sqlite_timestamp)
+    return normalized
+
+
+def _sqlite_dedup_key_expression(column: str) -> str:
+    quoted = quote_sqlite_identifier(column)
+    if column != "time":
+        return quoted
+    normalized = _sqlite_normalized_time_expression(column)
+    return f"COALESCE({normalized}, CAST({quoted} AS TEXT))"
+
+
+def _sqlite_normalized_time_expression(column: str) -> str:
+    """Return a canonical UTC timestamp expression for mixed SQLite time values."""
+    quoted = quote_sqlite_identifier(column)
+    return (
+        "COALESCE("
+        f"strftime('{_SQLITE_CANONICAL_TIME_FORMAT}', {quoted}), "
+        f"strftime('{_SQLITE_CANONICAL_TIME_FORMAT}', {quoted}, 'unixepoch')"
+        ")"
+    )
+
+
+def _load_latest_parseable_time(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    table: str,
+    *,
+    where_clause: str | None = None,
+    params: Sequence[object] = (),
+) -> datetime | None:
+    quoted_table = quote_sqlite_identifier(table)
+    time_expr = _sqlite_normalized_time_expression("time")
+    query = f"SELECT time FROM {quoted_table} WHERE {time_expr} IS NOT NULL"  # noqa: S608
+    if where_clause:
+        query += f" AND {where_clause}"
+    query += f" ORDER BY {time_expr} DESC, ROWID DESC LIMIT 1"
+    row = conn.execute(query, tuple(params)).fetchone()
+    return parse_sqlite_timestamp(row[0] if row else None)
+
+
 def get_history_deals_account_event_start_datetime(
     conn: sqlite3.Connection,
     *,
@@ -758,10 +1130,11 @@ def get_history_deals_account_event_start_datetime(
         where_clause = "symbol IS NULL OR symbol = ''"
     else:
         return fallback_start
-    row = conn.execute(
-        f"SELECT MAX(time) FROM {table} WHERE {where_clause}",  # noqa: S608
-    ).fetchone()
-    parsed = parse_sqlite_timestamp(row[0] if row else None)
+    parsed = _load_latest_parseable_time(
+        conn,
+        table,
+        where_clause=where_clause,
+    )
     return parsed if parsed is not None else fallback_start
 
 
@@ -784,6 +1157,68 @@ def _validate_rates_schema(columns: set[str]) -> None:
         raise ValueError(msg)
 
 
+def _load_grouped_rate_start_datetimes(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    table: str,
+    *,
+    symbols: Sequence[str],
+    timeframes: Sequence[int],
+    fallback_start: datetime,
+) -> dict[tuple[str, int | None], datetime]:
+    symbol_placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in symbols)
+    timeframe_placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in timeframes)
+    time_expr = _sqlite_normalized_time_expression("time")
+    rows = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT symbol, timeframe, MAX("  # noqa: S608
+        f"{time_expr}) FROM "
+        f"{quote_sqlite_identifier(table)}"
+        f" WHERE symbol IN ({symbol_placeholders})"
+        f" AND timeframe IN ({timeframe_placeholders})"
+        f" AND {time_expr} IS NOT NULL"
+        f" GROUP BY symbol, timeframe",
+        [*symbols, *timeframes],
+    ).fetchall()
+    parsed_by_key: dict[tuple[str, int | None], datetime] = {}
+    for row_symbol, row_timeframe, max_time in rows:
+        parsed = parse_sqlite_timestamp(max_time)
+        if parsed is not None:
+            parsed_by_key[str(row_symbol), int(row_timeframe)] = parsed
+    return {
+        (symbol, timeframe): parsed_by_key.get((symbol, timeframe), fallback_start)
+        for symbol in symbols
+        for timeframe in timeframes
+    }
+
+
+def _load_symbol_start_datetimes(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    table: str,
+    *,
+    symbols: Sequence[str],
+    fallback_start: datetime,
+) -> dict[tuple[str, int | None], datetime]:
+    symbol_placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in symbols)
+    time_expr = _sqlite_normalized_time_expression("time")
+    rows = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT symbol, MAX("  # noqa: S608
+        f"{time_expr}) FROM "
+        f"{quote_sqlite_identifier(table)}"
+        f" WHERE symbol IN ({symbol_placeholders})"
+        f" AND {time_expr} IS NOT NULL"
+        f" GROUP BY symbol",
+        list(symbols),
+    ).fetchall()
+    parsed_by_key: dict[tuple[str, int | None], datetime] = {}
+    for row_symbol, max_time in rows:
+        parsed = parse_sqlite_timestamp(max_time)
+        if parsed is not None:
+            parsed_by_key[str(row_symbol), None] = parsed
+    return {
+        (symbol, None): parsed_by_key.get((symbol, None), fallback_start)
+        for symbol in symbols
+    }
+
+
 def load_incremental_start_datetimes(
     conn: sqlite3.Connection,
     dataset: Dataset,
@@ -807,55 +1242,28 @@ def load_incremental_start_datetimes(
             }
         return {(symbol, None): fallback_start for symbol in symbols}
 
-    parsed_by_key: dict[tuple[str, int | None], datetime] = {}
     if (
         dataset is Dataset.rates
         and timeframes is not None
         and {"symbol", "timeframe"}.issubset(columns)
     ):
-        symbol_placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in symbols)
-        timeframe_placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in timeframes)
-        grouped_rates_query = (
-            "SELECT symbol, timeframe, MAX(time) FROM "  # noqa: S608
-            f"{table} WHERE symbol IN ({symbol_placeholders})"
-            f" AND timeframe IN ({timeframe_placeholders})"
-            " GROUP BY symbol, timeframe"
+        return _load_grouped_rate_start_datetimes(
+            conn,
+            table,
+            symbols=symbols,
+            timeframes=timeframes,
+            fallback_start=fallback_start,
         )
-        rows = conn.execute(
-            grouped_rates_query,
-            [*symbols, *timeframes],
-        ).fetchall()
-        for row_symbol, row_timeframe, max_time in rows:
-            parsed = parse_sqlite_timestamp(max_time)
-            if parsed is not None:
-                parsed_by_key[str(row_symbol), int(row_timeframe)] = parsed
-        return {
-            (symbol, timeframe): parsed_by_key.get(
-                (symbol, timeframe),
-                fallback_start,
-            )
-            for symbol in symbols
-            for timeframe in timeframes
-        }
 
     if "symbol" in columns:
-        symbol_placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in symbols)
-        rows = conn.execute(
-            f"SELECT symbol, MAX(time) FROM {table}"  # noqa: S608
-            f" WHERE symbol IN ({symbol_placeholders}) GROUP BY symbol",
-            list(symbols),
-        ).fetchall()
-        for row_symbol, max_time in rows:
-            parsed = parse_sqlite_timestamp(max_time)
-            if parsed is not None:
-                parsed_by_key[str(row_symbol), None] = parsed
-        return {
-            (symbol, None): parsed_by_key.get((symbol, None), fallback_start)
-            for symbol in symbols
-        }
+        return _load_symbol_start_datetimes(
+            conn,
+            table,
+            symbols=symbols,
+            fallback_start=fallback_start,
+        )
 
-    row = conn.execute(f"SELECT MAX(time) FROM {table}").fetchone()  # noqa: S608
-    parsed = parse_sqlite_timestamp(row[0] if row else None)
+    parsed = _load_latest_parseable_time(conn, table)
     shared_start = parsed if parsed is not None else fallback_start
     return {(symbol, None): shared_start for symbol in symbols}
 
@@ -894,7 +1302,8 @@ def append_dataframe(
     if len(frame.columns) == 0:
         logger.warning("Skipping %s: dataset returned no columns", table_name)
         return False
-    frame.to_sql(  # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
+    writable = _canonicalize_sqlite_time_columns(frame)
+    writable.to_sql(  # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
         table_name,
         conn,
         if_exists=if_exists.value,
@@ -973,15 +1382,21 @@ def drop_duplicates_in_table(
     if invalid := {column for column in ids if not column.isidentifier()}:
         msg = f"Invalid column names: {', '.join(sorted(invalid))}"
         raise ValueError(msg)
-    ids_csv = ", ".join(f'"{column}"' for column in ids)
+    ids_csv = ", ".join(_sqlite_dedup_key_expression(column) for column in ids)
     rowid_selector = "MIN" if keep == "first" else "MAX"
+    prepared_scope_params = tuple(
+        _require_serialized_sqlite_timestamp(value)
+        if isinstance(value, datetime)
+        else value
+        for value in scope_params
+    )
     if scope_where:
         delete_sql = (
             f"DELETE FROM {table} WHERE {scope_where} AND ROWID NOT IN"  # noqa: S608
             f" (SELECT {rowid_selector}(ROWID) FROM {table} WHERE {scope_where}"
             f" GROUP BY {ids_csv})"
         )
-        cursor.execute(delete_sql, scope_params + scope_params)
+        cursor.execute(delete_sql, prepared_scope_params + prepared_scope_params)
         return
     cursor.execute(
         f"DELETE FROM {table} WHERE ROWID NOT IN"  # noqa: S608
@@ -1266,6 +1681,51 @@ def create_rate_compatibility_views(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
             )
 
 
+def _stream_symbol_frames(
+    conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    symbols: Sequence[str],
+    dataset: Dataset,
+    if_exists: IfExists,
+    written_columns: dict[Dataset, set[str]],
+    fetch_frame: Callable[[str], pd.DataFrame],
+) -> bool:
+    """Stream per-symbol frames into SQLite.
+
+    Returns:
+        True if the dataset table was written.
+    """
+    table_exists = False
+    for sym in symbols:
+        table_exists = write_streamed_frame(
+            conn,
+            fetch_frame(sym),
+            dataset,
+            table_exists,
+            if_exists,
+            written_columns,
+        )
+    return table_exists
+
+
+def _record_symbol_time_dedup(
+    dedup_scopes: dict[Dataset, list[DedupScope]],
+    written_tables: set[Dataset],
+    dataset: Dataset,
+    symbol: str,
+    start_date: datetime,
+) -> None:
+    """Record a symbol-scoped deduplication window after an incremental write."""
+    written_tables.add(dataset)
+    time_expr = _sqlite_normalized_time_expression("time")
+    _record_dedup_scope(
+        dedup_scopes,
+        dataset,
+        f"symbol = ? AND {time_expr} >= ?",
+        (symbol, _require_serialized_sqlite_timestamp(start_date)),
+        frozenset({"symbol", "time"}),
+    )
+
+
 def write_rates_dataset(
     conn: sqlite3.Connection,
     client: Mt5DataClient,
@@ -1281,8 +1741,8 @@ def write_rates_dataset(
     Returns:
         True if the rates table was written.
     """
-    table_exists = False
-    for sym in symbols:
+
+    def _fetch_rates_frame(sym: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
         frame = client.copy_rates_range_as_df(
             symbol=sym,
             timeframe=timeframe,
@@ -1292,15 +1752,16 @@ def write_rates_dataset(
         if len(frame.columns) != 0:
             frame.insert(0, "symbol", sym)
             frame.insert(1, "timeframe", timeframe)
-        table_exists = write_streamed_frame(
-            conn,
-            frame,
-            Dataset.rates,
-            table_exists,
-            if_exists,
-            written_columns,
-        )
-    return table_exists
+        return frame
+
+    return _stream_symbol_frames(
+        conn,
+        symbols,
+        Dataset.rates,
+        if_exists,
+        written_columns,
+        _fetch_rates_frame,
+    )
 
 
 def write_ticks_dataset(
@@ -1318,8 +1779,8 @@ def write_ticks_dataset(
     Returns:
         True if the ticks table was written.
     """
-    table_exists = False
-    for sym in symbols:
+
+    def _fetch_ticks_frame(sym: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
         frame = client.copy_ticks_range_as_df(
             symbol=sym,
             date_from=date_from,
@@ -1328,15 +1789,16 @@ def write_ticks_dataset(
         ).drop(columns=["symbol"], errors="ignore")
         if len(frame.columns) != 0:
             frame.insert(0, "symbol", sym)
-        table_exists = write_streamed_frame(
-            conn,
-            frame,
-            Dataset.ticks,
-            table_exists,
-            if_exists,
-            written_columns,
-        )
-    return table_exists
+        return frame
+
+    return _stream_symbol_frames(
+        conn,
+        symbols,
+        Dataset.ticks,
+        if_exists,
+        written_columns,
+        _fetch_ticks_frame,
+    )
 
 
 def write_history_dataset(
@@ -1371,22 +1833,22 @@ def write_history_dataset(
             if_exists,
             written_columns,
         )
-    for sym in symbols:
-        frame = fetch(date_from=date_from, date_to=date_to, symbol=sym)
-        frame = filter_trade_history_frame(
-            frame,
+
+    def _fetch_history_frame(sym: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        return filter_trade_history_frame(
+            fetch(date_from=date_from, date_to=date_to, symbol=sym),
             [sym],
             include_account_events=False,
         )
-        table_exists = write_streamed_frame(
-            conn,
-            frame,
-            dataset,
-            table_exists,
-            if_exists,
-            written_columns,
-        )
-    return table_exists
+
+    return _stream_symbol_frames(
+        conn,
+        symbols,
+        dataset,
+        if_exists,
+        written_columns,
+        _fetch_history_frame,
+    )
 
 
 def _write_incremental_rates(
@@ -1421,11 +1883,16 @@ def _write_incremental_rates(
                 written_columns,
             ):
                 written_tables.add(Dataset.rates)
+                time_expr = _sqlite_normalized_time_expression("time")
                 _record_dedup_scope(
                     dedup_scopes,
                     Dataset.rates,
-                    "symbol = ? AND timeframe = ? AND time >= ?",
-                    (symbol, timeframe, start_date),
+                    f"symbol = ? AND timeframe = ? AND {time_expr} >= ?",
+                    (
+                        symbol,
+                        timeframe,
+                        _require_serialized_sqlite_timestamp(start_date),
+                    ),
                     frozenset({"symbol", "timeframe", "time"}),
                 )
 
@@ -1459,13 +1926,12 @@ def _write_incremental_ticks(
             IfExists.APPEND,
             written_columns,
         ):
-            written_tables.add(Dataset.ticks)
-            _record_dedup_scope(
+            _record_symbol_time_dedup(
                 dedup_scopes,
+                written_tables,
                 Dataset.ticks,
-                "symbol = ? AND time >= ?",
-                (symbol, start_date),
-                frozenset({"symbol", "time"}),
+                symbol,
+                start_date,
             )
 
 
@@ -1498,13 +1964,12 @@ def _write_incremental_history_orders(
             written_columns,
             include_account_events=False,
         ):
-            written_tables.add(Dataset.history_orders)
-            _record_dedup_scope(
+            _record_symbol_time_dedup(
                 dedup_scopes,
+                written_tables,
                 Dataset.history_orders,
-                "symbol = ? AND time >= ?",
-                (symbol, start_date),
-                frozenset({"symbol", "time"}),
+                symbol,
+                start_date,
             )
 
 
@@ -1551,29 +2016,35 @@ def _write_incremental_history_deals(
         ):
             written_tables.add(Dataset.history_deals)
             columns = get_table_columns(conn, Dataset.history_deals.table_name)
+            time_expr = _sqlite_normalized_time_expression("time")
             if "symbol" in columns:
                 for symbol in symbols:
                     _record_dedup_scope(
                         dedup_scopes,
                         Dataset.history_deals,
-                        "symbol = ? AND time >= ?",
-                        (symbol, start_by_symbol[symbol, None]),
+                        f"symbol = ? AND {time_expr} >= ?",
+                        (
+                            symbol,
+                            _require_serialized_sqlite_timestamp(
+                                start_by_symbol[symbol, None]
+                            ),
+                        ),
                         frozenset({"symbol", "time"}),
                     )
             if "type" in columns:
                 _record_dedup_scope(
                     dedup_scopes,
                     Dataset.history_deals,
-                    f"type NOT IN {_TRADE_DEAL_TYPES_SQL} AND time >= ?",
-                    (account_event_start,),
+                    f"type NOT IN {_TRADE_DEAL_TYPES_SQL} AND {time_expr} >= ?",
+                    (_require_serialized_sqlite_timestamp(account_event_start),),
                     frozenset({"type", "time"}),
                 )
             if "type" not in columns and "symbol" in columns:
                 _record_dedup_scope(
                     dedup_scopes,
                     Dataset.history_deals,
-                    "(symbol IS NULL OR symbol = '') AND time >= ?",
-                    (account_event_start,),
+                    f"(symbol IS NULL OR symbol = '') AND {time_expr} >= ?",
+                    (_require_serialized_sqlite_timestamp(account_event_start),),
                     frozenset({"symbol", "time"}),
                 )
         return
@@ -1596,13 +2067,12 @@ def _write_incremental_history_deals(
             written_columns,
             include_account_events=False,
         ):
-            written_tables.add(Dataset.history_deals)
-            _record_dedup_scope(
+            _record_symbol_time_dedup(
                 dedup_scopes,
+                written_tables,
                 Dataset.history_deals,
-                "symbol = ? AND time >= ?",
-                (symbol, start_date),
-                frozenset({"symbol", "time"}),
+                symbol,
+                start_date,
             )
 
 

mt5cli/retry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""Retry and reconnect helpers for transient MT5 failures."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar
+
+from .exceptions import is_recoverable_mt5_error
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "retry_with_backoff",
+]
+
+
+def retry_with_backoff(
+    fn: Callable[[], T],
+    *,
+    retry_count: int = 0,
+    backoff_base: float = 2.0,
+    operation: str = "MT5 operation",
+) -> T:
+    """Call ``fn`` with bounded exponential backoff on recoverable MT5 errors.
+
+    Only ``pdmt5.Mt5RuntimeError`` is retried. Other exceptions propagate
+    immediately. The final failure is re-raised once retries are exhausted.
+
+    Args:
+        fn: Callable performing MT5 work.
+        retry_count: Maximum number of retries after the first attempt. ``0``
+            disables retries.
+        backoff_base: Base for exponential backoff. The delay before retry
+            attempt ``n`` (1-indexed) is ``backoff_base ** n`` seconds.
+        operation: Label used in warning logs.
+
+    Returns:
+        Value returned by ``fn`` on success.
+    """
+    attempts = max(retry_count, 0) + 1
+    for attempt in range(attempts - 1):
+        try:
+            return fn()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            if not is_recoverable_mt5_error(exc):
+                raise
+            delay = backoff_base ** (attempt + 1)
+            logger.warning(
+                "%s failed (attempt %d/%d): %s; retrying in %.1fs",
+                operation,
+                attempt + 1,
+                attempts,
+                exc,
+                delay,
+            )
+            time.sleep(delay)
+    return fn()

mt5cli/schemas.py

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+"""Canonical DataFrame schemas for MT5 market and account datasets."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import StrEnum
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Final
+
+import pandas as pd
+
+from .converters import normalize_symbol, parse_timeframe
+from .exceptions import Mt5SchemaError
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DEDUP_KEYS",
+    "KNOWN_MT5_TIME_COLUMNS",
+    "REQUIRED_COLUMNS",
+    "TIME_COLUMNS",
+    "DataKind",
+    "normalize_dataframe",
+    "normalize_time_columns",
+    "schema_columns",
+    "validate_schema",
+]
+
+KNOWN_MT5_TIME_COLUMNS: Final[frozenset[str]] = frozenset({
+    "time",
+    "time_setup",
+    "time_setup_msc",
+    "time_done",
+    "time_done_msc",
+    "time_msc",
+})
+
+_TIME_COLUMN_NAMES = KNOWN_MT5_TIME_COLUMNS
+
+
+class DataKind(StrEnum):
+    """Supported MT5 dataset kinds with canonical column contracts."""
+
+    rates = "rates"
+    ticks = "ticks"
+    orders = "orders"
+    positions = "positions"
+    history_orders = "history_orders"
+    history_deals = "history_deals"
+
+
+REQUIRED_COLUMNS: dict[DataKind, frozenset[str]] = {
+    DataKind.rates: frozenset({
+        "time",
+        "open",
+        "high",
+        "low",
+        "close",
+        "tick_volume",
+        "spread",
+        "real_volume",
+    }),
+    DataKind.ticks: frozenset({
+        "time",
+        "bid",
+        "ask",
+        "last",
+        "volume",
+        "time_msc",
+        "flags",
+        "volume_real",
+    }),
+    DataKind.orders: frozenset({
+        "ticket",
+        "time_setup",
+        "type",
+        "state",
+        "symbol",
+        "volume_current",
+        "price_open",
+    }),
+    DataKind.positions: frozenset({
+        "ticket",
+        "time",
+        "type",
+        "symbol",
+        "volume",
+        "price_open",
+        "price_current",
+        "profit",
+    }),
+    DataKind.history_orders: frozenset({
+        "ticket",
+        "time_setup",
+        "type",
+        "state",
+        "symbol",
+        "volume_initial",
+        "price_open",
+    }),
+    DataKind.history_deals: frozenset({
+        "ticket",
+        "order",
+        "time",
+        "type",
+        "entry",
+        "symbol",
+        "volume",
+        "price",
+        "profit",
+    }),
+}
+
+_OPTIONAL_TIME_COLUMNS_BY_KIND: dict[DataKind, frozenset[str]] = {
+    DataKind.orders: frozenset({
+        "time_setup_msc",
+        "time_done",
+        "time_done_msc",
+    }),
+    DataKind.history_orders: frozenset({
+        "time_setup_msc",
+        "time_done",
+        "time_done_msc",
+    }),
+    DataKind.positions: frozenset({"time_msc"}),
+}
+
+TIME_COLUMNS: dict[DataKind, frozenset[str]] = {
+    kind: (REQUIRED_COLUMNS[kind] & _TIME_COLUMN_NAMES)
+    | _OPTIONAL_TIME_COLUMNS_BY_KIND.get(kind, frozenset())
+    for kind in DataKind
+}
+
+DEDUP_KEYS: dict[DataKind, tuple[tuple[str, ...], ...]] = {
+    DataKind.rates: (("symbol", "timeframe", "time"), ("symbol", "time")),
+    DataKind.ticks: (("symbol", "time_msc"), ("symbol", "time")),
+    DataKind.history_orders: (("ticket",), ("symbol", "time", "type")),
+    DataKind.history_deals: (("ticket",), ("symbol", "time", "type", "entry")),
+}
+
+
+def schema_columns(kind: DataKind) -> frozenset[str]:
+    """Return required column names for a dataset kind.
+
+    Args:
+        kind: Dataset kind.
+
+    Returns:
+        Required column names for ``kind``.
+    """
+    return REQUIRED_COLUMNS[kind]
+
+
+def validate_schema(
+    frame: pd.DataFrame,
+    kind: DataKind,
+    *,
+    extra_required: Iterable[str] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Validate that a DataFrame includes required columns for a dataset kind.
+
+    Args:
+        frame: DataFrame to validate.
+        kind: Expected dataset kind.
+        extra_required: Additional columns that must be present (for example
+            ``symbol`` and ``timeframe`` on stored rate history).
+
+    Raises:
+        Mt5SchemaError: If required columns are missing.
+    """
+    if frame.empty and len(frame.columns) == 0:
+        return
+    required = set(REQUIRED_COLUMNS[kind])
+    if extra_required is not None:
+        required.update(extra_required)
+    missing = required - set(frame.columns)
+    if missing:
+        msg = (
+            f"{kind.value} schema is missing required columns: "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(missing))}."
+        )
+        raise Mt5SchemaError(msg)
+
+
+def _coerce_mt5_time_column(series: pd.Series, column: str) -> pd.Series:
+    """Coerce one MT5 time column to UTC-aware datetimes.
+
+    Returns:
+        Series with UTC-aware datetime values.
+    """
+    if pd.api.types.is_datetime64_any_dtype(series):
+        return pd.to_datetime(series, utc=True, errors="coerce")
+    if pd.api.types.is_numeric_dtype(series):
+        unit = "ms" if column.endswith("_msc") else "s"
+        return pd.to_datetime(series, unit=unit, utc=True, errors="coerce")
+    return pd.to_datetime(series, utc=True, errors="coerce")
+
+
+def normalize_time_columns(frame: pd.DataFrame, kind: DataKind) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """Coerce dataset time columns to UTC-aware datetimes when present.
+
+    Any column in :data:`KNOWN_MT5_TIME_COLUMNS` that is present in ``frame``
+    is normalized. Numeric MT5 epoch values use seconds for ``time``,
+    ``time_setup``, and ``time_done``, and milliseconds for ``*_msc`` columns.
+
+    Args:
+        frame: Source DataFrame from MT5 or pdmt5.
+        kind: Dataset kind (retained for API compatibility).
+
+    Returns:
+        DataFrame copy with normalized time columns.
+    """
+    del kind
+    normalized = frame.copy()
+    for column in normalized.columns:
+        if column not in _TIME_COLUMN_NAMES:
+            continue
+        normalized[column] = _coerce_mt5_time_column(normalized[column], column)
+    return normalized
+
+
+def normalize_dataframe(
+    frame: pd.DataFrame,
+    kind: DataKind,
+    *,
+    symbol: str | None = None,
+    timeframe: int | str | None = None,
+    sort: bool = True,
+) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """Normalize MT5 DataFrame columns, timestamps, and storage metadata.
+
+    Ensures UTC timestamps, optionally injects ``symbol`` / ``timeframe`` for
+    storage-oriented datasets, and sorts chronologically when a ``time`` column
+    exists.
+
+    Args:
+        frame: Source DataFrame from MT5 or pdmt5.
+        kind: Dataset kind guiding normalization rules.
+        symbol: Optional symbol to inject when missing.
+        timeframe: Optional timeframe integer or name to inject for rates.
+        sort: Whether to sort by ``time`` or ``time_msc`` when present.
+
+    Returns:
+        Normalized DataFrame copy.
+    """
+    if frame.empty and len(frame.columns) == 0:
+        return frame.copy()
+
+    normalized = normalize_time_columns(frame, kind)
+
+    if symbol is not None and "symbol" not in normalized.columns:
+        normalized.insert(0, "symbol", normalize_symbol(symbol))
+
+    if timeframe is not None and kind is DataKind.rates:
+        tf = parse_timeframe(timeframe)
+        if "timeframe" not in normalized.columns:
+            insert_at = 1 if "symbol" in normalized.columns else 0
+            normalized.insert(insert_at, "timeframe", tf)
+
+    validate_schema(normalized, kind)
+
+    if sort:
+        if "time" in normalized.columns:
+            normalized = normalized.sort_values("time", kind="stable")
+        elif "time_msc" in normalized.columns:
+            normalized = normalized.sort_values("time_msc", kind="stable")
+        normalized = normalized.reset_index(drop=True)
+
+    return normalized
+
+
+def ensure_utc_columns(frame: pd.DataFrame, columns: Iterable[str]) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """Return a copy with selected columns coerced to UTC datetimes.
+
+    Args:
+        frame: Source DataFrame.
+        columns: Column names to coerce.
+
+    Returns:
+        DataFrame copy with UTC-aware datetime columns.
+    """
+    normalized = frame.copy()
+    for column in columns:
+        if column not in normalized.columns:
+            continue
+        if column in _TIME_COLUMN_NAMES:
+            normalized[column] = _coerce_mt5_time_column(normalized[column], column)
+        else:
+            normalized[column] = pd.to_datetime(
+                normalized[column], utc=True, errors="coerce"
+            )
+    return normalized

mt5cli/telemetry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+"""Optional OpenTelemetry metrics for MT5 history and snapshot observability."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import time
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_otel_available_flag = False
+
+try:
+    import opentelemetry.metrics as _otel_metrics_mod
+    from opentelemetry.sdk.metrics import MeterProvider as _OtelMeterProvider
+    from opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export import (
+        PeriodicExportingMetricReader as _OtelPeriodicReader,
+    )
+    from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource as _OtelResource
+
+    _otel_available_flag = True
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    _otel_metrics_mod = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _OtelMeterProvider = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _OtelPeriodicReader = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _OtelResource = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+_OTEL_AVAILABLE: bool = _otel_available_flag
+
+try:
+    from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.http.metric_exporter import (  # type: ignore[import]
+        OTLPMetricExporter as _OtelOTLPExporter,  # type: ignore[reportUnknownVariableType]
+    )
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    _OtelOTLPExporter = None  # type: ignore[assignment, misc]
+
+
+class _NoOp:
+    """No-op instrument that silently ignores all calls."""
+
+    def add(
+        self,
+        amount: float,
+        attributes: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """No-op add."""
+
+    def set(
+        self,
+        amount: float,
+        attributes: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """No-op set."""
+
+    def record(
+        self,
+        amount: float,
+        attributes: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """No-op record."""
+
+
+_NOOP: _NoOp = _NoOp()
+
+
+class _Mt5Metrics:
+    """MT5 metric instrument registry.
+
+    Holds references to OTel instruments. All instruments are no-op until
+    :meth:`configure` is called with a compatible meter object.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._history_duration: Any = _NOOP
+        self._history_rows: Any = _NOOP
+        self._history_failures: Any = _NOOP
+        self._snapshot_duration: Any = _NOOP
+        self._snapshot_failures: Any = _NOOP
+        self._account_balance: Any = _NOOP
+        self._account_equity: Any = _NOOP
+        self._account_margin: Any = _NOOP
+        self._account_margin_free: Any = _NOOP
+        self._account_margin_level: Any = _NOOP
+        self._position_profit: Any = _NOOP
+        self._position_volume: Any = _NOOP
+        self._terminal_connected: Any = _NOOP
+        self._terminal_trade_allowed: Any = _NOOP
+        self._terminal_trade_expert: Any = _NOOP
+        self._last_successful_update: Any = _NOOP
+
+    def configure(self, meter: Any) -> None:  # noqa: ANN401
+        """Set up metric instruments from a meter object.
+
+        Args:
+            meter: An OpenTelemetry ``Meter`` or duck-typed compatible object
+                that supports ``create_counter``, ``create_histogram``, and
+                ``create_gauge``.
+        """
+        self._history_duration = meter.create_histogram(
+            "mt5_history_update_duration_seconds",
+            unit="s",
+            description="Duration of incremental history update operations.",
+        )
+        self._history_rows = meter.create_counter(
+            "mt5_history_update_rows_total",
+            description="Rows written during incremental history updates.",
+        )
+        self._history_failures = meter.create_counter(
+            "mt5_history_update_failures_total",
+            description="Number of incremental history update failures.",
+        )
+        self._snapshot_duration = meter.create_histogram(
+            "mt5_snapshot_update_duration_seconds",
+            unit="s",
+            description="Duration of snapshot update operations.",
+        )
+        self._snapshot_failures = meter.create_counter(
+            "mt5_snapshot_update_failures_total",
+            description="Number of snapshot update failures.",
+        )
+        self._account_balance = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_account_balance",
+            description="Account balance.",
+        )
+        self._account_equity = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_account_equity",
+            description="Account equity.",
+        )
+        self._account_margin = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_account_margin",
+            description="Account margin used.",
+        )
+        self._account_margin_free = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_account_margin_free",
+            description="Account free margin.",
+        )
+        self._account_margin_level = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_account_margin_level",
+            description="Account margin level as a percentage.",
+        )
+        self._position_profit = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_position_profit",
+            description="Floating profit for an open position.",
+        )
+        self._position_volume = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_position_volume",
+            description="Volume of an open position.",
+        )
+        self._terminal_connected = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_terminal_connected",
+            description="1 if the terminal is connected to the broker, 0 otherwise.",
+        )
+        self._terminal_trade_allowed = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_terminal_trade_allowed",
+            description="1 if trading is allowed by the broker server, 0 otherwise.",
+        )
+        self._terminal_trade_expert = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_terminal_trade_expert",
+            description="1 if Expert Advisor trading is enabled, 0 otherwise.",
+        )
+        self._last_successful_update = meter.create_gauge(
+            "mt5_last_successful_update_timestamp",
+            description="Unix timestamp of the last successful history update.",
+        )
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def record_history_update(
+        self,
+        *,
+        dataset: str,
+    ) -> Iterator[None]:
+        """Context manager recording history update duration and failures.
+
+        Args:
+            dataset: Dataset label (e.g. ``"rates"``).
+
+        Yields:
+            None inside the update operation.
+        """
+        attrs = {"dataset": dataset}
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        try:
+            yield
+            self._history_duration.record(time.monotonic() - start, attrs)
+            self._last_successful_update.set(time.time(), attrs)
+        except Exception:
+            self._history_failures.add(1, attrs)
+            raise
+
+    def add_history_rows(self, count: int, *, dataset: str) -> None:
+        """Increment the history rows-written counter.
+
+        Args:
+            count: Number of rows written during this update.
+            dataset: Dataset label (e.g. ``"rates"``).
+        """
+        self._history_rows.add(count, {"dataset": dataset})
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def record_snapshot_update(self) -> Iterator[None]:
+        """Context manager recording snapshot update duration and failures.
+
+        Yields:
+            None inside the snapshot operation.
+        """
+        start = time.monotonic()
+        try:
+            yield
+            self._snapshot_duration.record(time.monotonic() - start, {})
+        except Exception:
+            self._snapshot_failures.add(1, {})
+            raise
+
+    def record_account_state(
+        self,
+        *,
+        login: str,
+        server: str,
+        balance: float,
+        equity: float,
+        margin: float,
+        margin_free: float,
+        margin_level: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Emit account metric gauges.
+
+        Args:
+            login: Account login number (as string; not a password or secret).
+            server: Broker server name.
+            balance: Account balance.
+            equity: Account equity.
+            margin: Margin used.
+            margin_free: Free margin.
+            margin_level: Margin level percentage.
+        """
+        attrs: dict[str, str] = {"login": login, "server": server}
+        self._account_balance.set(balance, attrs)
+        self._account_equity.set(equity, attrs)
+        self._account_margin.set(margin, attrs)
+        self._account_margin_free.set(margin_free, attrs)
+        self._account_margin_level.set(margin_level, attrs)
+
+    def record_position_state(
+        self,
+        *,
+        login: str,
+        server: str,
+        symbol: str,
+        profit: float,
+        volume: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Emit position metric gauges.
+
+        Args:
+            login: Account login number (as string).
+            server: Broker server name.
+            symbol: Position symbol.
+            profit: Floating profit/loss.
+            volume: Position volume.
+        """
+        attrs: dict[str, str] = {"login": login, "server": server, "symbol": symbol}
+        self._position_profit.set(profit, attrs)
+        self._position_volume.set(volume, attrs)
+
+    def record_terminal_state(
+        self,
+        *,
+        connected: float,
+        trade_allowed: float,
+        trade_expert: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Emit terminal connection and trading status gauges.
+
+        Args:
+            connected: 1.0 if connected to the broker, 0.0 otherwise.
+            trade_allowed: 1.0 if broker server allows trading, 0.0 otherwise.
+            trade_expert: 1.0 if Expert Advisor trading is enabled, 0.0 otherwise.
+        """
+        self._terminal_connected.set(connected, {})
+        self._terminal_trade_allowed.set(trade_allowed, {})
+        self._terminal_trade_expert.set(trade_expert, {})
+
+
+_metrics = _Mt5Metrics()
+
+
+def configure_metrics(meter: Any) -> None:  # noqa: ANN401
+    """Configure MT5 metrics using the provided meter.
+
+    Args:
+        meter: An OpenTelemetry ``Meter`` or duck-typed compatible object.
+    """
+    _metrics.configure(meter)
+
+
+def enable_otel_metrics(
+    service_name: str = "mt5cli",
+    readers: list[Any] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Enable OTel metrics by wiring up an SDK ``MeterProvider`` pipeline.
+
+    Requires the ``otel`` optional dependency group:
+    ``pip install "mt5cli[otel]"``.
+
+    Args:
+        service_name: OTel meter/service name used for the ``Resource`` and
+            the meter itself.
+        readers: Optional list of metric readers. When *None* (the default),
+            a :class:`~opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export.PeriodicExportingMetricReader`
+            backed by an OTLP HTTP exporter is created automatically
+            (reads the endpoint from ``OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT``).
+            Pass a custom list (e.g. ``InMemoryMetricReader`` for tests)
+            to override.
+
+    Raises:
+        ImportError: If ``opentelemetry-api`` is not installed, or if
+            ``readers`` is *None* and
+            ``opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-http`` is not installed.
+    """
+    if not _OTEL_AVAILABLE:
+        msg = (
+            "opentelemetry-api is not installed. "
+            'Install it with: pip install "mt5cli[otel]"'
+        )
+        raise ImportError(msg)
+    if readers is None:
+        if _OtelOTLPExporter is None:
+            msg = (
+                "opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-http is required for the "
+                "default OTLP export pipeline. "
+                'Install it with: pip install "mt5cli[otel]" or pass a '
+                "custom readers list."
+            )
+            raise ImportError(msg)
+        readers = [_OtelPeriodicReader(_OtelOTLPExporter())]  # type: ignore[misc]
+    resource = _OtelResource.create({"service.name": service_name})  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+    provider = _OtelMeterProvider(resource=resource, metric_readers=readers)  # type: ignore[misc]
+    _otel_metrics_mod.set_meter_provider(provider)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+    meter = provider.get_meter(service_name)
+    configure_metrics(meter)
+
+
+def get_metrics() -> _Mt5Metrics:
+    """Return the global :class:`_Mt5Metrics` instance.
+
+    Returns:
+        The global metric registry (no-op until :func:`configure_metrics` is
+        called).
+    """
+    return _metrics

mt5cli/utils.py

@@ -4,12 +4,17 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import sqlite3
+from contextlib import closing
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from enum import StrEnum
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeGuard
 
 import click
+from pdmt5 import COPY_TICKS_MAP as _COPY_TICKS_MAP
+from pdmt5 import TIMEFRAME_MAP as _TIMEFRAME_MAP
+from pdmt5 import parse_copy_ticks as _parse_copy_ticks
+from pdmt5 import parse_timeframe as _parse_timeframe
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Sequence
@@ -20,35 +25,12 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 # Constants
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TIMEFRAME_MAP: dict[str, int] = {
-    "M1": 1,
-    "M2": 2,
-    "M3": 3,
-    "M4": 4,
-    "M5": 5,
-    "M6": 6,
-    "M10": 10,
-    "M12": 12,
-    "M15": 15,
-    "M20": 20,
-    "M30": 30,
-    "H1": 16385,
-    "H2": 16386,
-    "H3": 16387,
-    "H4": 16388,
-    "H6": 16390,
-    "H8": 16392,
-    "H12": 16396,
-    "D1": 16408,
-    "W1": 32769,
-    "MN1": 49153,
-}
-
-TICK_FLAG_MAP: dict[str, int] = {
-    "ALL": 1,
-    "INFO": 2,
-    "TRADE": 4,
-}
+TIMEFRAME_NAMES: tuple[str, ...] = tuple(
+    name for name in _TIMEFRAME_MAP if not name.startswith("TIMEFRAME_")
+)
+_TICK_FLAG_NAMES: tuple[str, ...] = tuple(
+    name for name in _COPY_TICKS_MAP if not name.startswith("COPY_TICKS_")
+)
 
 _FORMAT_EXTENSIONS: dict[str, str] = {
     ".csv": "csv",
@@ -160,10 +142,8 @@ class _TimeframeType(click.ParamType):
         Returns:
             Integer timeframe value.
         """
-        if isinstance(value, int):
-            return value
         try:
-            return parse_timeframe(str(value))
+            return parse_timeframe(value)
         except ValueError as exc:
             self.fail(str(exc), param, ctx)
 
@@ -189,10 +169,8 @@ class _TickFlagsType(click.ParamType):
         Returns:
             Integer tick flag value.
         """
-        if isinstance(value, int):
-            return value
         try:
-            return parse_tick_flags(str(value))
+            return parse_tick_flags(value)
         except ValueError as exc:
             self.fail(str(exc), param, ctx)
 
@@ -262,6 +240,20 @@ def detect_format(
     raise ValueError(msg)
 
 
+def coerce_login(login: int | str | None) -> int | None:
+    """Coerce a login value to int, treating empty strings as unset.
+
+    Returns:
+        Integer login, or None when unset or an empty string.
+    """
+    if login is None or isinstance(login, int):
+        return login
+    text = login.strip()
+    if not text:
+        return None
+    return int(text)
+
+
 def export_dataframe_to_sqlite(
     df: pd.DataFrame,
     output_path: Path,
@@ -286,7 +278,7 @@ def export_dataframe_to_sqlite(
             full table, so repeated appends cost O(table size); index the key
             columns when appending frequently.
     """
-    with sqlite3.connect(output_path) as conn:
+    with closing(sqlite3.connect(output_path)) as conn, conn:
         df.to_sql(  # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
             table_name,
             conn,
@@ -321,6 +313,7 @@ def export_dataframe(
         table_name: Table name for SQLite3 output.
 
     Raises:
+        ImportError: If the parquet format is requested but pyarrow is not installed.
         ValueError: If the output format is not supported.
     """
     if output_format == "csv":
@@ -333,6 +326,14 @@ def export_dataframe(
             indent=2,
         )
     elif output_format == "parquet":
+        try:
+            __import__("pyarrow")
+        except ImportError as exc:
+            msg = (
+                "Parquet export requires the optional dependency pyarrow. "
+                'Install it with: pip install "mt5cli[parquet]"'
+            )
+            raise ImportError(msg) from exc
         df.to_parquet(output_path, index=False)
     elif output_format == "sqlite3":
         export_dataframe_to_sqlite(
@@ -370,7 +371,7 @@ def parse_datetime(value: str) -> datetime:
     return dt
 
 
-def parse_timeframe(value: str) -> int:
+def parse_timeframe(value: object) -> int:
     """Parse a timeframe string or integer value.
 
     Args:
@@ -382,37 +383,39 @@ def parse_timeframe(value: str) -> int:
     Raises:
         ValueError: If the timeframe is invalid.
     """
-    upper = value.upper()
-    if upper in TIMEFRAME_MAP:
-        return TIMEFRAME_MAP[upper]
     try:
-        return int(value)
+        return _parse_timeframe(value)
     except ValueError:
-        valid = ", ".join(TIMEFRAME_MAP)
-        msg = f"Invalid timeframe: '{value}'. Use one of: {valid}, or an integer."
+        display = value if isinstance(value, str) else repr(value)
+        valid = ", ".join(TIMEFRAME_NAMES)
+        msg = (
+            f"Invalid timeframe: '{display}'. "
+            f"Use one of: {valid}, or a supported integer."
+        )
         raise ValueError(msg) from None
 
 
-def parse_tick_flags(value: str) -> int:
+def parse_tick_flags(value: object) -> int:
     """Parse tick flags string or integer value.
 
     Args:
-        value: Tick flag name (ALL, INFO, TRADE) or integer value.
+        value: Tick flag name (ALL, INFO, TRADE, COPY_TICKS_*) or integer value.
 
     Returns:
-        Integer tick flag value.
+        Integer tick flag value compatible with MetaTrader 5 ``COPY_TICKS_*``.
 
     Raises:
         ValueError: If the flag is invalid.
     """
-    upper = value.upper()
-    if upper in TICK_FLAG_MAP:
-        return TICK_FLAG_MAP[upper]
     try:
-        return int(value)
+        return _parse_copy_ticks(value)
     except ValueError:
-        valid = ", ".join(TICK_FLAG_MAP)
-        msg = f"Invalid tick flags: '{value}'. Use one of: {valid}, or an integer."
+        display = value if isinstance(value, str) else repr(value)
+        valid = ", ".join(_TICK_FLAG_NAMES)
+        msg = (
+            f"Invalid tick flags: '{display}'. "
+            f"Use one of: {valid}, or a supported integer."
+        )
         raise ValueError(msg) from None
 
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [project]
 name = "mt5cli"
-version = "0.5.2"
-description = "Command-line tool for MetaTrader 5"
+version = "1.1.3"
+description = "Generic MT5 data and execution infrastructure for Python applications"
 authors = [{name = "dceoy", email = "dceoy@users.noreply.github.com"}]
 maintainers = [{name = "dceoy", email = "dceoy@users.noreply.github.com"}]
 license = "MIT"
@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@ license-files = ["LICENSE"]
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">= 3.11, < 3.14"
 dependencies = [
-  "pdmt5 >= 0.2.3",
+  "pdmt5 >= 1.1.0",
+  "pandas >= 2.2.2",
+  "pydantic >= 2.13.4",
   "click >= 8.1.0",
-  "pyarrow >= 19.0.0",
   "typer >= 0.15.0",
 ]
 classifiers = [
@@ -25,6 +26,14 @@ classifiers = [
   "Topic :: Office/Business :: Financial :: Investment",
 ]
 
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+parquet = ["pyarrow >= 19.0.0"]
+otel = [
+  "opentelemetry-api",
+  "opentelemetry-sdk",
+  "opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-http",
+]
+
 [project.scripts]
 mt5cli = "mt5cli.cli:main"
 
@@ -42,6 +51,9 @@ dev = [
   "pytest-mock >= 3.12.0",
   "pytest-cov >= 5.0.0",
   "pandas-stubs >= 2.2.3.250527",
+  "pyarrow >= 19.0.0",
+  "opentelemetry-api",
+  "opentelemetry-sdk",
   "mkdocs >= 1.6.1",
   "mkdocs-material >= 9.7.6",
   "mkdocstrings[python] >= 1.0.4",
@@ -124,7 +136,6 @@ ignore = [
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
-"mt5cli/history.py" = ["TC003"]
 "tests/**/*.py" = [
   "DOC201",   # Missing return documentation
   "DOC501",   # Raised exception missing from docstring
@@ -176,7 +187,10 @@ omit = [
 [tool.coverage.report]
 show_missing = true
 fail_under = 100
-exclude_lines = ["if TYPE_CHECKING:"]
+exclude_also = [
+  "if TYPE_CHECKING:",
+  "^\\s+\\.\\.\\.$",
+]
 
 [build-system]
 requires = ["hatchling"]

skills/mt5cli/SKILL.md

@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ Global options MUST precede the subcommand.
 | `-o, --output PATH`   | Output file path (required).                                  |
 | `-f, --format FORMAT` | `csv`, `json`, `parquet`, or `sqlite3` (auto from extension). |
 | `--table NAME`        | Table name for SQLite3 output (default: `data`).              |
-| `--login INT`         | MT5 trading account login.                                    |
-| `--password TEXT`     | MT5 trading account password.                                 |
-| `--server TEXT`       | MT5 trading server name.                                      |
-| `--path TEXT`         | Path to MetaTrader 5 terminal EXE.                            |
+| `--login INT`         | MT5 trading account login (`MT5_LOGIN`).                      |
+| `--password TEXT`     | MT5 trading account password (`MT5_PASSWORD`).                |
+| `--server TEXT`       | MT5 trading server name (`MT5_SERVER`).                       |
+| `--path TEXT`         | Path to MetaTrader 5 terminal EXE (`MT5_PATH`).               |
 | `--timeout INT`       | Connection timeout in milliseconds.                           |
 | `--log-level LEVEL`   | `DEBUG`, `INFO`, `WARNING` (default), `ERROR`.                |
 
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ mt5cli -o history.db collect-history \
   local MT5 terminal is already logged in.
 - Avoid passing `--password` on the command line in shared or logged
   environments — it is visible in `ps`, shell history, and CI logs. Prefer
-  logging in through the MT5 terminal first, then omit credentials here.
+  `MT5_PASSWORD`/`MT5_LOGIN`/`MT5_SERVER`/`MT5_PATH` environment variables or a
+  pre-authenticated local terminal session.
 - Reach for `--log-level DEBUG` when a command fails silently — MT5
   connection errors surface there.
 - If the user asks to run from source in this repo, prefix with `uv run`

tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+"""Shared pytest fixtures for mt5cli tests."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sqlite3
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+import pandas as pd
+import pytest
+from pytest_mock import MockerFixture  # noqa: TC002
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from types import TracebackType
+
+_DATAFRAME_METHODS = (
+    "copy_rates_from_as_df",
+    "copy_rates_from_pos_as_df",
+    "copy_rates_range_as_df",
+    "copy_ticks_from_as_df",
+    "copy_ticks_range_as_df",
+    "account_info_as_df",
+    "terminal_info_as_df",
+    "symbols_get_as_df",
+    "symbol_info_as_df",
+    "orders_get_as_df",
+    "positions_get_as_df",
+    "history_orders_get_as_df",
+    "history_deals_get_as_df",
+    "version_as_df",
+    "last_error_as_df",
+    "symbol_info_tick_as_df",
+    "market_book_get_as_df",
+    "order_check_as_df",
+    "order_send_as_df",
+)
+
+_ORIGINAL_SQLITE_CONNECT = sqlite3.connect
+
+
+class ClosingSqliteConnection(sqlite3.Connection):
+    """SQLite connection that closes after context-manager exit in tests."""
+
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exc_value: BaseException | None,
+        traceback: TracebackType | None,
+    ) -> Literal[False]:
+        """Commit or roll back the transaction, then close the connection."""
+        try:
+            super().__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)
+        finally:
+            self.close()
+        return False
+
+
+def build_mock_mt5_data_client() -> MagicMock:
+    """Return a MagicMock Mt5DataClient with common DataFrame stubs."""
+    client = MagicMock()
+    sample_df = pd.DataFrame({"col": [1]})
+    for method_name in _DATAFRAME_METHODS:
+        getattr(client, method_name).return_value = sample_df
+    client.version.return_value = (5, 0, 1)
+    client.terminal_info.return_value = {"connected": True, "paths": ["terminal.exe"]}
+    client.account_info.return_value = {"login": 123, "limits": {"modes": ["demo"]}}
+    client.symbols_total.return_value = 42
+    return client
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_client(mocker: MockerFixture) -> MagicMock:
+    """Create and patch a mock Mt5DataClient for CLI and SDK tests."""
+    client = build_mock_mt5_data_client()
+    mocker.patch("mt5cli.sdk.Mt5DataClient", return_value=client)
+    return client
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def close_sqlite_context_connections(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """Make test SQLite context managers close their connection handles."""
+
+    def connect(
+        *args: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
+        **kwargs: Any,  # noqa: ANN401
+    ) -> sqlite3.Connection:
+        kwargs.setdefault("factory", ClosingSqliteConnection)
+        return _ORIGINAL_SQLITE_CONNECT(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sqlite3, "connect", connect)

tests/test_contracts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,867 @@
+"""Contract tests for the mt5cli public API and dataset schemas."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import importlib
+import sqlite3
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+from importlib.metadata import requires
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, get_type_hints
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+import pandas as pd
+import pytest
+from pdmt5 import Mt5RuntimeError
+from pytest_mock import MockerFixture  # noqa: TC002
+
+import mt5cli
+from mt5cli import (
+    STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS,
+    AccountSpec,
+    ExecutionStatus,
+    MarginVolume,
+    MT5Client,
+    Mt5CliError,
+    Mt5ConnectionError,
+    Mt5SchemaError,
+    OrderExecutionResult,
+    OrderLimits,
+    RateTarget,
+    build_config,
+    build_rate_targets,
+    calculate_account_projected_margin_ratio,
+    calculate_margin_and_volume,
+    calculate_positions_margin,
+    calculate_projected_margin_ratio,
+    calculate_symbol_group_margin_ratio,
+    calculate_trailing_stop_updates,
+    drop_forming_rate_bar,
+    ensure_symbol_selected,
+    extract_tick_price,
+    fetch_latest_closed_rates,
+    fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client,
+    fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed,
+    load_rate_series_from_sqlite,
+    mt5_session,
+    mt5_trading_session,
+    normalize_order_volume,
+    place_market_order,
+    resolve_account_spec,
+    resolve_account_specs,
+)
+from mt5cli.converters import (
+    ensure_utc,
+    granularity_name,
+    normalize_symbol,
+    normalize_symbols,
+    parse_date_range,
+    recent_window,
+)
+from mt5cli.exceptions import (
+    call_with_normalized_errors,
+    is_recoverable_mt5_error,
+    normalize_mt5_exception,
+)
+from mt5cli.history import (
+    create_rate_compatibility_views,
+    load_rate_data,
+    resolve_rate_view_name,
+)
+from mt5cli.retry import retry_with_backoff
+from mt5cli.schemas import (
+    DEDUP_KEYS,
+    REQUIRED_COLUMNS,
+    TIME_COLUMNS,
+    DataKind,
+    ensure_utc_columns,
+    normalize_dataframe,
+    normalize_time_columns,
+    schema_columns,
+    validate_schema,
+)
+from mt5cli.utils import (
+    Dataset,
+    detect_format,
+    export_dataframe,
+    export_dataframe_to_sqlite,
+)
+
+
+def _sample_frame(kind: DataKind) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    if kind is DataKind.rates:
+        return pd.DataFrame({
+            "time": [datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)],
+            "open": [1.1],
+            "high": [1.2],
+            "low": [1.0],
+            "close": [1.15],
+            "tick_volume": [10],
+            "spread": [1],
+            "real_volume": [0],
+        })
+    if kind is DataKind.ticks:
+        return pd.DataFrame({
+            "time": [datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)],
+            "bid": [1.1],
+            "ask": [1.11],
+            "last": [1.105],
+            "volume": [1],
+            "time_msc": [datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)],
+            "flags": [2],
+            "volume_real": [0.0],
+        })
+    if kind is DataKind.orders:
+        return pd.DataFrame({
+            "ticket": [1],
+            "time_setup": [datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)],
+            "type": [0],
+            "state": [1],
+            "symbol": ["EURUSD"],
+            "volume_current": [0.1],
+            "price_open": [1.1],
+        })
+    if kind is DataKind.positions:
+        return pd.DataFrame({
+            "ticket": [1],
+            "time": [datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)],
+            "type": [0],
+            "symbol": ["EURUSD"],
+            "volume": [0.1],
+            "price_open": [1.1],
+            "price_current": [1.11],
+            "profit": [1.0],
+        })
+    if kind is DataKind.history_orders:
+        return pd.DataFrame({
+            "ticket": [1],
+            "time_setup": [datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)],
+            "type": [0],
+            "state": [3],
+            "symbol": ["EURUSD"],
+            "volume_initial": [0.1],
+            "price_open": [1.1],
+        })
+    return pd.DataFrame({
+        "ticket": [1],
+        "order": [2],
+        "time": [datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)],
+        "type": [0],
+        "entry": [0],
+        "symbol": ["EURUSD"],
+        "volume": [0.1],
+        "price": [1.1],
+        "profit": [0.0],
+    })
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("kind", list(DataKind))
+def test_required_columns_contract(kind: DataKind) -> None:
+    """Each dataset kind exposes a non-empty required column contract."""
+    assert REQUIRED_COLUMNS[kind]
+    validate_schema(_sample_frame(kind), kind)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("kind", list(DataKind))
+def test_normalize_dataframe_injects_storage_metadata(kind: DataKind) -> None:
+    """Normalization accepts MT5 frames and optional storage metadata."""
+    frame = _sample_frame(kind)
+    normalized = normalize_dataframe(
+        frame,
+        kind,
+        symbol="eurusd",
+        timeframe="M1" if kind is DataKind.rates else None,
+    )
+    if kind is DataKind.rates:
+        assert normalized.loc[0, "symbol"] == "eurusd"
+        assert normalized.loc[0, "timeframe"] == 1
+    validate_schema(normalized, kind)
+
+
+def test_validate_schema_raises_for_missing_columns() -> None:
+    """Schema validation fails fast on missing required columns."""
+    with pytest.raises(Mt5SchemaError, match="missing required columns"):
+        validate_schema(pd.DataFrame({"time": [1]}), DataKind.rates)
+
+
+def test_history_dedup_keys_match_schema_contract() -> None:
+    """SQLite history dedup keys stay aligned with schema contracts."""
+    assert DEDUP_KEYS[DataKind.rates][0] == ("symbol", "timeframe", "time")
+    assert DEDUP_KEYS[DataKind.ticks][0] == ("symbol", "time_msc")
+    assert Dataset.rates.table_name == "rates"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("raw", "expected"),
+    [
+        (" eurusd ", "eurusd"),
+        ("GbpJpy", "GbpJpy"),
+        ("XAUUSDm", "XAUUSDm"),
+        ("US500.cash", "US500.cash"),
+        ("EURUSD.r", "EURUSD.r"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_normalize_symbol(raw: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    """Symbol normalization trims whitespace and preserves broker casing."""
+    assert normalize_symbol(raw) == expected
+
+
+def test_normalize_symbols_deduplicates() -> None:
+    """Symbol lists are normalized and de-duplicated in order."""
+    assert normalize_symbols(["XAUUSDm", " XAUUSDm ", "EURUSD.r", "eurusd"]) == [
+        "XAUUSDm",
+        "EURUSD.r",
+        "eurusd",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_parse_date_range_rejects_inverted_bounds() -> None:
+    """Date ranges must not be inverted."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must not be after"):
+        parse_date_range("2024-02-01", "2024-01-01")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "kwargs",
+    [
+        {"hours": 24},
+        {"seconds": 3600},
+    ],
+    ids=["hours", "seconds"],
+)
+def test_recent_window_success_cases(kwargs: dict[str, int]) -> None:
+    """Recent windows end at the provided timestamp for both duration inputs."""
+    end = datetime(2024, 1, 2, tzinfo=UTC)
+    start, resolved_end = recent_window(date_to=end, **kwargs)
+    assert resolved_end == end
+    assert start < end
+
+
+def test_granularity_name_maps_timeframe_alias() -> None:
+    """Granularity labels resolve MT5 timeframe aliases."""
+    assert granularity_name("M1") == "M1"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "exc",
+    [Mt5RuntimeError("init failed")],
+)
+def test_is_recoverable_mt5_error(exc: Exception) -> None:
+    """Recoverable MT5 errors are classified consistently."""
+    assert is_recoverable_mt5_error(exc)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("exc", "expected_type"),
+    [
+        (Mt5RuntimeError("x"), Mt5ConnectionError),
+    ],
+)
+def test_normalize_mt5_exception_maps_types(
+    exc: Exception,
+    expected_type: type[Mt5ConnectionError],
+) -> None:
+    """MT5 exceptions map to stable mt5cli types."""
+    assert isinstance(normalize_mt5_exception(exc), expected_type)
+
+
+def test_call_with_normalized_errors_reraises_mapped_type() -> None:
+    """Normalized error helper re-raises mapped mt5cli exceptions."""
+
+    def _raise() -> None:
+        message = "boom"
+        raise Mt5RuntimeError(message)
+
+    with pytest.raises(Mt5ConnectionError):
+        call_with_normalized_errors(_raise)
+
+
+def test_retry_with_backoff_retries_recoverable_errors(
+    mocker: MockerFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Retry helper retries recoverable MT5 failures."""
+    calls = {"count": 0}
+
+    def _flaky() -> str:
+        calls["count"] += 1
+        if calls["count"] == 1:
+            message = "transient"
+            raise Mt5RuntimeError(message)
+        return "ok"
+
+    mocker.patch("mt5cli.retry.time.sleep")
+    assert retry_with_backoff(_flaky, retry_count=1) == "ok"
+    assert calls["count"] == 2
+
+
+def test_public_api_exports_mt5_client() -> None:
+    """MT5Client is the primary importable client abstraction."""
+    client = MT5Client(config=build_config())
+    assert isinstance(client, MT5Client)
+    assert isinstance(client, MT5Client.__mro__[1])
+
+
+def test_mt5_client_order_primitives_use_connected_client(
+    mock_client: object,
+) -> None:
+    """Order check/send route through the same client fetch path as exports."""
+    request = {"action": 1}
+    client = MT5Client()
+    client.order_check(request)
+    client.order_send(request)
+    assert mock_client.order_check_as_df.call_count == 1  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert mock_client.order_send_as_df.call_count == 1  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+def test_storage_export_round_trip_csv(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Storage helpers export normalized rate frames to CSV."""
+    frame = normalize_dataframe(
+        _sample_frame(DataKind.rates),
+        DataKind.rates,
+        symbol="EURUSD",
+        timeframe="M1",
+    )
+    output = tmp_path / "rates.csv"
+    export_dataframe(frame, output, detect_format(output))
+    loaded = pd.read_csv(output)
+    assert len(loaded) == 1
+    assert "close" in loaded.columns
+
+
+def test_normalize_symbol_rejects_empty_value() -> None:
+    """Empty symbols are rejected after trimming."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must not be empty"):
+        normalize_symbol("   ")
+
+
+def test_ensure_utc_handles_naive_and_aware_datetimes() -> None:
+    """UTC coercion accepts naive and timezone-aware datetimes."""
+    naive = datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC).replace(tzinfo=None)
+    aware = datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+    assert ensure_utc(naive).tzinfo == UTC
+    assert ensure_utc(aware).tzinfo == UTC
+    assert ensure_utc("2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00").tzinfo == UTC
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("kwargs", "match"),
+    [
+        ({}, "exactly one"),
+        ({"hours": 1, "seconds": 1}, "exactly one"),
+        ({"hours": 0}, "positive"),
+    ],
+    ids=["no-duration", "both-hours-and-seconds", "non-positive-duration"],
+)
+def test_recent_window_validation_errors(
+    kwargs: dict[str, object],
+    match: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Recent window helpers validate mutually exclusive length arguments."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=match):
+        recent_window(**kwargs)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+def test_parse_date_range_returns_ordered_bounds() -> None:
+    """Valid date ranges return UTC-aware bounds."""
+    start, end = parse_date_range("2024-01-01", "2024-02-01")
+    assert start < end
+
+
+def test_granularity_name_falls_back_for_unknown_timeframe(
+    mocker: MockerFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Unknown timeframe integers stringify as granularity labels."""
+    mocker.patch(
+        "mt5cli.converters._get_timeframe_name",
+        side_effect=ValueError("unknown"),
+    )
+    assert granularity_name(1) == "1"
+
+
+def test_normalize_mt5_exception_passthrough_and_generic() -> None:
+    """Normalization preserves mt5cli errors and wraps unknown exceptions."""
+    original = Mt5CliError("known")
+    assert normalize_mt5_exception(original) is original
+    assert isinstance(normalize_mt5_exception(ValueError("x")), Mt5CliError)
+
+
+def test_schema_columns_and_extra_required_validation() -> None:
+    """Schema helpers expose contracts and honor extra required columns."""
+    assert schema_columns(DataKind.rates) == REQUIRED_COLUMNS[DataKind.rates]
+    validate_schema(pd.DataFrame(), DataKind.rates)
+    frame = _sample_frame(DataKind.rates)
+    with pytest.raises(Mt5SchemaError, match="storage_symbol"):
+        validate_schema(frame, DataKind.rates, extra_required=["storage_symbol"])
+
+
+def test_normalize_dataframe_empty_and_tick_sort_paths() -> None:
+    """Normalization handles empty frames and tick time_msc sorting."""
+    empty = pd.DataFrame()
+    assert normalize_dataframe(empty, DataKind.rates).empty
+
+    ticks = _sample_frame(DataKind.ticks)
+    ticks = pd.concat([ticks, ticks], ignore_index=True)
+    sorted_ticks = normalize_dataframe(ticks, DataKind.ticks, sort=True)
+    assert len(sorted_ticks) == 2
+    unsorted_ticks = normalize_dataframe(ticks, DataKind.ticks, sort=False)
+    assert len(unsorted_ticks) == 2
+
+
+def test_normalize_dataframe_rate_timeframe_without_symbol() -> None:
+    """Rate normalization can inject timeframe without symbol metadata."""
+    frame = _sample_frame(DataKind.rates)
+    normalized = normalize_dataframe(frame, DataKind.rates, timeframe="M1")
+    assert "timeframe" in normalized.columns
+
+
+def test_normalize_dataframe_keeps_existing_symbol_and_timeframe() -> None:
+    """Normalization does not duplicate existing storage metadata columns."""
+    frame = normalize_dataframe(
+        _sample_frame(DataKind.rates),
+        DataKind.rates,
+        symbol="EURUSD",
+        timeframe="M1",
+    )
+    normalized = normalize_dataframe(
+        frame,
+        DataKind.rates,
+        symbol="GBPUSD",
+        timeframe="H1",
+    )
+    assert normalized.loc[0, "symbol"] == "EURUSD"
+    assert normalized.loc[0, "timeframe"] == 1
+
+
+def test_normalize_time_columns_skips_absent_time_fields() -> None:
+    """Time normalization ignores absent optional time columns."""
+    frame = pd.DataFrame({"open": [1.0]})
+    result = normalize_time_columns(frame, DataKind.rates)
+    assert list(result.columns) == ["open"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("col", "value", "kind"),
+    [
+        ("time", 1704067200, DataKind.rates),
+        ("time_msc", 1704067200000, DataKind.ticks),
+        ("time", datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC), DataKind.rates),
+        ("time", "2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00", DataKind.rates),
+    ],
+)
+def test_normalize_time_columns_coerces_value(
+    col: str,
+    value: object,
+    kind: DataKind,
+) -> None:
+    """Time column values are coerced to UTC timestamps regardless of input type."""
+    frame = pd.DataFrame({col: [value]})
+    result = normalize_time_columns(frame, kind)
+    assert result.loc[0, col] == pd.Timestamp("2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00")
+
+
+def test_normalize_time_columns_handles_optional_order_times() -> None:
+    """Optional order/history time columns are normalized when present."""
+    frame = pd.DataFrame({
+        "time_setup": [1704067200],
+        "time_setup_msc": [1704067200000],
+        "time_done": [1704153600],
+        "time_done_msc": [1704153600000],
+    })
+    result = normalize_time_columns(frame, DataKind.orders)
+    assert result.loc[0, "time_setup"] == pd.Timestamp("2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00")
+    assert result.loc[0, "time_setup_msc"] == pd.Timestamp(
+        "2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
+    )
+    assert result.loc[0, "time_done"] == pd.Timestamp("2024-01-02T00:00:00+00:00")
+    assert result.loc[0, "time_done_msc"] == pd.Timestamp(
+        "2024-01-02T00:00:00+00:00",
+    )
+
+
+def test_time_columns_include_optional_order_fields() -> None:
+    """Schema contracts document optional MT5 time columns per dataset kind."""
+    assert "time_done" in TIME_COLUMNS[DataKind.orders]
+    assert "time_setup_msc" in TIME_COLUMNS[DataKind.history_orders]
+
+
+def test_normalize_dataframe_sorts_ticks_by_time_msc(
+    mocker: MockerFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Tick frames without ``time`` can still sort on ``time_msc``."""
+    mocker.patch("mt5cli.schemas.validate_schema")
+    ticks = pd.concat([_sample_frame(DataKind.ticks)] * 2, ignore_index=True).drop(
+        columns=["time"],
+    )
+    ticks.loc[0, "time_msc"] = datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
+    ticks.loc[1, "time_msc"] = datetime(2024, 1, 2, tzinfo=UTC)
+    ticks = pd.concat([ticks.iloc[[1]], ticks.iloc[[0]]], ignore_index=True)
+    normalized = normalize_dataframe(ticks, DataKind.ticks, sort=True)
+    assert normalized.iloc[0]["time_msc"] <= normalized.iloc[1]["time_msc"]
+
+
+def test_ensure_utc_columns_skips_missing_columns() -> None:
+    """UTC column coercion ignores absent columns."""
+    frame = _sample_frame(DataKind.rates)
+    result = ensure_utc_columns(frame, ["time", "missing"])
+    assert "time" in result.columns
+
+
+def test_ensure_utc_columns_coerces_non_mt5_columns() -> None:
+    """Non-MT5 columns still coerce to UTC datetimes."""
+    frame = pd.DataFrame({"created_at": ["2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00"]})
+    result = ensure_utc_columns(frame, ["created_at"])
+    assert result.loc[0, "created_at"] == pd.Timestamp("2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00")
+
+
+def test_mt5_session_yields_connected_client(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
+    """Public mt5_session yields an MT5Client bound to a connected session."""
+    connected = mocker.MagicMock()
+    context = mocker.MagicMock()
+    context.__enter__.return_value = connected
+    context.__exit__.return_value = False
+    mocker.patch("mt5cli.client.connected_client", return_value=context)
+    with mt5_session(build_config()) as client:
+        assert isinstance(client, MT5Client)
+
+
+def test_retry_with_backoff_reraises_non_recoverable_errors() -> None:
+    """Non-MT5 errors are not retried."""
+
+    def _raise() -> None:
+        message = "fatal"
+        raise ValueError(message)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="fatal"):
+        retry_with_backoff(_raise, retry_count=2)
+
+
+def test_storage_export_round_trip_sqlite(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Storage helpers append deduplicated frames to SQLite."""
+    frame = normalize_dataframe(
+        _sample_frame(DataKind.rates),
+        DataKind.rates,
+        symbol="EURUSD",
+        timeframe="M1",
+    )
+    output = tmp_path / "rates.db"
+    export_dataframe_to_sqlite(
+        frame,
+        output,
+        "rates",
+        deduplicate_on=DEDUP_KEYS[DataKind.rates][0],
+    )
+    with __import__("sqlite3").connect(output) as conn:
+        count = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM rates").fetchone()[0]
+    assert count == 1
+
+
+def test_storage_module_does_not_exist() -> None:
+    """mt5cli.storage re-export module has been removed."""
+    with pytest.raises(ModuleNotFoundError):
+        importlib.import_module("mt5cli.storage")
+
+
+class TestStableSdkContract:
+    """Tests for the documented stable downstream SDK contract."""
+
+    def test_stable_exports_are_subset_of_all(self) -> None:
+        """Every stable export is also listed in the package __all__."""
+        missing = sorted(STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS - set(mt5cli.__all__))
+        assert not missing, f"STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS missing from __all__: {missing}"
+
+    def test_stable_exports_cover_root_api(self) -> None:
+        """STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS classifies every package-root symbol."""
+        tier_metadata = {"STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS"}
+        root_exports = set(mt5cli.__all__)
+
+        missing_from_root = sorted(STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS - root_exports)
+        assert not missing_from_root, (
+            f"STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS missing from __all__: {missing_from_root}"
+        )
+
+        unclassified = sorted(root_exports - STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS - tier_metadata)
+        assert not unclassified, (
+            f"Root exports not in STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS: {unclassified}"
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", sorted(STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS))
+    def test_stable_exports_are_importable_from_package_root(self, name: str) -> None:
+        """Stable SDK names resolve through ``from mt5cli import ...``."""
+        assert hasattr(mt5cli, name), f"{name!r} missing from mt5cli package root"
+
+    def test_drop_forming_rate_bar_from_package_root(self) -> None:
+        """Closed-bar trimming is available from the stable package surface."""
+        frame = pd.DataFrame({"time": [1, 2, 3], "close": [1.0, 1.1, 1.2]})
+        closed = drop_forming_rate_bar(frame)
+        assert list(closed["close"]) == [1.0, 1.1]
+        assert len(closed) == 2
+
+    def test_fetch_latest_closed_rates_from_package_root(self) -> None:
+        """Single-client closed-bar helper drops the forming row."""
+        client = MagicMock()
+        client.latest_rates.return_value = pd.DataFrame(
+            {"time": [1, 2, 3], "close": [1.0, 1.1, 1.2]},
+        )
+
+        result = fetch_latest_closed_rates(
+            client,
+            symbol="EURUSD",
+            granularity="M1",
+            count=2,
+        )
+
+        client.latest_rates.assert_called_once_with("EURUSD", "M1", 3, start_pos=0)
+        assert list(result["close"]) == [1.0, 1.1]
+
+    def test_fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client_from_package_root(
+        self,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Trading-client closed-bar helper is importable from the stable surface."""
+        client = MagicMock()
+        client.fetch_latest_rates_as_df.return_value = pd.DataFrame(
+            {"time": [1, 2, 3], "close": [1.0, 1.1, 1.2]},
+        )
+
+        result = fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client(
+            client,
+            symbol="EURUSD",
+            granularity="M1",
+            count=2,
+        )
+
+        assert list(result["close"]) == [1.0, 1.1]
+
+    def test_normalize_order_volume_from_package_root(self) -> None:
+        """Volume normalization helper is importable from the stable surface."""
+        result = normalize_order_volume(
+            0.25,
+            volume_min=0.1,
+            volume_max=1.0,
+            volume_step=0.1,
+        )
+        assert abs(result - 0.2) < 1e-9
+
+    def test_calculate_positions_margin_from_package_root(self) -> None:
+        """Position margin helper is importable from the stable surface."""
+        client = MagicMock()
+        client.mt5.POSITION_TYPE_BUY = 0
+        client.mt5.POSITION_TYPE_SELL = 1
+        client.mt5.ORDER_TYPE_BUY = 10
+        client.mt5.ORDER_TYPE_SELL = 11
+        client.positions_get_as_df.return_value = pd.DataFrame()
+
+        assert calculate_positions_margin(client) == 0
+
+    def test_generic_trading_helpers_from_package_root(self) -> None:
+        """New generic trading helpers resolve through the stable surface."""
+        price = extract_tick_price({"bid": "1.2"}, "bid")
+        assert price is not None
+        assert abs(price - 1.2) < 1e-9
+        assert callable(calculate_trailing_stop_updates)
+        assert callable(calculate_account_projected_margin_ratio)
+        assert callable(calculate_projected_margin_ratio)
+        assert callable(calculate_symbol_group_margin_ratio)
+
+    def test_load_rate_series_from_sqlite_requires_managed_views(
+        self,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Multi-series loading fails clearly when managed views are absent."""
+        db_path = tmp_path / "empty-views.db"
+        with sqlite3.connect(db_path) as conn:
+            conn.execute(
+                "CREATE TABLE rates("
+                " symbol TEXT, timeframe INTEGER, time TEXT, close REAL)",
+            )
+
+        targets = build_rate_targets(["EURUSD"], ["M1"])
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="No rate compatibility view exists"):
+            load_rate_series_from_sqlite(db_path, targets, count=10)
+
+        assert targets == [RateTarget(symbol="EURUSD", timeframe=1)]
+
+    def test_resolve_account_spec_from_package_root(
+        self,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Account credential resolution uses generic ${ENV_VAR} placeholders."""
+        monkeypatch.setenv("APP_MT5_LOGIN", "555")
+        monkeypatch.setenv("APP_MT5_PASSWORD", "secret")
+        account = AccountSpec(
+            symbols=["EURUSD"],
+            login="${APP_MT5_LOGIN}",
+            password="${APP_MT5_PASSWORD}",
+            server="Broker-Demo",
+        )
+
+        resolved = resolve_account_spec(account, timeout=3000)
+        assert resolved.login == "555"
+        assert resolved.password == "secret"  # noqa: S105
+        assert resolved.timeout == 3000
+
+        batch = resolve_account_specs([account], server="Override")
+        assert batch[0].server == "Override"
+
+    def test_mt5_trading_session_lifecycle_from_package_root(
+        self,
+        mocker: MockerFixture,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Trading session helper initializes and always shuts down."""
+        mock_client = MagicMock()
+        mocker.patch(
+            "mt5cli.trading.Mt5DataClient",
+            return_value=mock_client,
+        )
+
+        with mt5_trading_session(login=12345, server="Broker-Demo") as client:
+            assert client is mock_client
+            mock_client.initialize_and_login_mt5.assert_called_once()
+
+        mock_client.shutdown.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_trading_order_helpers_importable_from_package_root(self) -> None:
+        """Order planning helpers resolve through the stable package surface."""
+        assert callable(calculate_margin_and_volume)
+        assert callable(ensure_symbol_selected)
+        assert callable(place_market_order)
+        margin_hints = get_type_hints(MarginVolume)
+        limits_hints = get_type_hints(OrderLimits)
+        execution_hints = get_type_hints(OrderExecutionResult)
+        assert margin_hints["buy_volume"] is float
+        assert limits_hints["stop_loss"] == float | None
+        assert execution_hints["status"] == ExecutionStatus
+
+    def test_mt5_trading_session_shuts_down_on_exception(
+        self,
+        mocker: MockerFixture,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Trading session helper shuts down even when the body raises."""
+        mock_client = MagicMock()
+        mocker.patch(
+            "mt5cli.trading.Mt5DataClient",
+            return_value=mock_client,
+        )
+
+        message = "strategy error"
+        with (
+            pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=message),
+            mt5_trading_session(login=12345, server="Broker-Demo"),
+        ):
+            raise RuntimeError(message)
+
+        mock_client.shutdown.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed_from_package_root(
+        self,
+        mocker: MockerFixture,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Indexed closed-bar helper returns a UTC DatetimeIndex named 'time'."""
+        client = MagicMock()
+        mocker.patch(
+            "mt5cli.trading.fetch_latest_closed_rates_for_trading_client",
+            return_value=pd.DataFrame(
+                {
+                    "time": [1704067200, 1704153600, 1704240000],
+                    "close": [1.0, 1.1, 1.2],
+                },
+            ),
+        )
+
+        result = fetch_latest_closed_rates_indexed(
+            client,
+            symbol="EURUSD",
+            granularity="M1",
+            count=2,
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(result.index, pd.DatetimeIndex)
+        assert result.index.name == "time"
+        assert result.index.tz is not None
+        assert "time" not in result.columns
+        assert "close" in result.columns
+
+    def test_rate_view_helpers_in_history_module(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Rate view helpers are available from mt5cli.history."""
+        db_path = tmp_path / "rates.db"
+        with sqlite3.connect(db_path) as conn:
+            conn.execute(
+                "CREATE TABLE rates("
+                " symbol TEXT, timeframe INTEGER, time TEXT, close REAL)",
+            )
+            conn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO rates(symbol, timeframe, time, close) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
+                ("EURUSD", 1, "2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00", 1.0),
+            )
+            create_rate_compatibility_views(conn)
+
+        assert resolve_rate_view_name(db_path, "EURUSD", "M1") == "rate_EURUSD__1"
+        missing = tmp_path / "missing.db"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="SQLite database not found"):
+            resolve_rate_view_name(missing, "EURUSD", "M1", require_existing=True)
+
+    def test_load_rate_data_in_history_module(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """SQLite rate loading normalizes timestamps through mt5cli.history."""
+        db_path = tmp_path / "view.db"
+        with sqlite3.connect(db_path) as conn:
+            conn.execute(
+                'CREATE VIEW "rate_EURUSD__1" AS'
+                " SELECT '2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00' AS time, 1.1 AS close",
+            )
+
+        frame = load_rate_data(db_path, "rate_EURUSD__1")
+        assert frame.index.name == "time"
+        assert abs(float(frame.iloc[0]["close"]) - 1.1) < 1e-9
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "name",
+    [
+        "Mt5Config",
+        "Mt5RuntimeError",
+        "Mt5TradingClient",
+        "Mt5TradingError",
+        "TICK_FLAG_MAP",
+        "TIMEFRAME_MAP",
+    ],
+)
+def test_pdmt5_pass_through_names_removed_from_public_contract(name: str) -> None:
+    """Removed pdmt5 pass-through names are not part of the public contract."""
+    assert name not in STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS, (
+        f"{name!r} should not be in STABLE_SDK_EXPORTS"
+    )
+    assert name not in mt5cli.__all__, f"{name!r} should not be in mt5cli.__all__"
+
+
+def test_mt5cli_does_not_import_high_level_trading_symbols() -> None:
+    """mt5cli doesn't import Mt5TradingClient or Mt5TradingError at module level."""
+    trading_module = importlib.import_module("mt5cli.trading")
+    module_dict = vars(trading_module)
+    assert "Mt5TradingClient" not in module_dict, (
+        "mt5cli.trading should not import Mt5TradingClient at module level"
+    )
+    assert "Mt5TradingError" not in module_dict, (
+        "mt5cli.trading should not import Mt5TradingError at module level"
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Packaging metadata
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_parquet_extra_declares_pyarrow() -> None:
+    """Package metadata lists pyarrow under the parquet optional extra."""
+    reqs = requires("mt5cli") or []
+    parquet_reqs = [r for r in reqs if "pyarrow" in r and "parquet" in r]
+    assert parquet_reqs, "pyarrow not found in parquet optional extra"
+
+
+def test_pyarrow_not_in_core_dependencies() -> None:
+    """Pyarrow is not a core dependency; it belongs only in the parquet extra."""
+    reqs = requires("mt5cli") or []
+    core_reqs = [r for r in reqs if "extra ==" not in r]
+    assert not any("pyarrow" in r for r in core_reqs), (
+        "pyarrow should not appear in core dependencies"
+    )

tests/test_examples.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Tests for example files in examples/grafana/."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import pytest
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+
+_EXAMPLES_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "examples" / "grafana"
+_DASHBOARDS_DIR = _EXAMPLES_DIR / "dashboards"
+
+
+def _dashboard_json_files() -> list[Path]:
+    """Return bundled Grafana dashboard JSON files in deterministic order."""
+    return sorted(_DASHBOARDS_DIR.glob("*.json"))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(params=_dashboard_json_files(), ids=lambda path: path.name)
+def dashboard_path(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> Iterator[Path]:
+    """Yield one bundled Grafana dashboard JSON file per test case."""
+    return request.param
+
+
+class TestGrafanaExamples:
+    """Validate structure and content of bundled Grafana example files."""
+
+    def test_dashboard_json_files_are_present(self) -> None:
+        """At least one dashboard JSON file is bundled."""
+        assert _dashboard_json_files(), "No dashboard JSON files found"
+
+    def test_dashboard_json_file_is_valid_json(self, dashboard_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Each dashboard JSON file parses to a JSON object."""
+        content = dashboard_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        obj = json.loads(content)
+        assert isinstance(obj, dict), (
+            f"{dashboard_path.name} root must be a JSON object"
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("private_pattern", ["password", "api_key", "apikey"])
+    def test_dashboard_json_has_no_private_placeholders(
+        self,
+        dashboard_path: Path,
+        private_pattern: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Dashboard JSON files contain no obvious credential placeholders."""
+        content = dashboard_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").lower()
+        assert private_pattern not in content, (
+            f"{dashboard_path.name} contains {private_pattern!r}"
+        )
+
+    def test_dashboard_json_uses_grafana_views(self, dashboard_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Each dashboard JSON file queries grafana_* views."""
+        content = dashboard_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert "grafana_" in content, (
+            f"{dashboard_path.name} must contain queries against grafana_* views"
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("field", ["uid", "title"])
+    def test_dashboard_json_has_required_field(
+        self,
+        dashboard_path: Path,
+        field: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Each dashboard JSON file has a non-empty uid and title field."""
+        obj = json.loads(dashboard_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        assert obj.get(field), f"{dashboard_path.name} must have a {field}"
+
+    def test_expected_dashboards_present(self) -> None:
+        """The three expected dashboard files are present."""
+        names = {p.name for p in _dashboard_json_files()}
+        assert "mt5cli-overview.json" in names
+        assert "mt5cli-trades.json" in names
+        assert "mt5cli-market.json" in names
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "relative_path",
+        [
+            "README.md",
+            "compose.yml",
+            "provisioning/datasources/mt5cli-sqlite.yml",
+            "provisioning/dashboards/mt5cli.yml",
+        ],
+        ids=["readme", "compose", "datasource-provisioning", "dashboard-provisioning"],
+    )
+    def test_expected_file_exists(self, relative_path: str) -> None:
+        """Bundled Grafana example support files are present."""
+        assert (_EXAMPLES_DIR / relative_path).is_file()

tests/test_grafana.py

@@ -0,0 +1,943 @@
+"""Tests for mt5cli.grafana module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import sqlite3
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pandas as pd
+import pytest
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
+
+from mt5cli.grafana import (
+    _build_snapshot_view,  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+    _create_view_safe,  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+    create_grafana_indexes,
+    create_grafana_views,
+    create_snapshot_tables,
+    ensure_grafana_schema,
+    insert_account_snapshot,
+    insert_order_snapshots,
+    insert_position_snapshots,
+    insert_terminal_snapshot,
+    publish_grafana_copy,
+    record_snapshot_run,
+    start_snapshot_run,
+)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def conn() -> Iterator[sqlite3.Connection]:
+    """Yield an in-memory SQLite connection for each test."""
+    with sqlite3.connect(":memory:") as c:
+        yield c
+
+
+def _get_names(conn: sqlite3.Connection, type_: str) -> set[str]:
+    return {
+        row[0]
+        for row in conn.execute(
+            "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type=?",
+            (type_,),
+        ).fetchall()
+    }
+
+
+def _make_rates_table(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    conn.execute(
+        "CREATE TABLE rates"
+        " (time TEXT, symbol TEXT, timeframe INTEGER,"
+        "  open REAL, high REAL, low REAL, close REAL)"
+    )
+
+
+def _make_ticks_table(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    conn.execute("CREATE TABLE ticks (time TEXT, symbol TEXT, bid REAL, ask REAL)")
+
+
+def _make_history_deals_full(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    conn.execute(
+        "CREATE TABLE history_deals"
+        " (time TEXT, symbol TEXT, profit REAL, type INTEGER,"
+        "  entry INTEGER, volume REAL, price REAL, ticket INTEGER, position_id INTEGER)"
+    )
+
+
+def _make_history_deals_minimal(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    """history_deals with only time, type, symbol, profit — no entry/volume/price."""
+    conn.execute(
+        "CREATE TABLE history_deals (time TEXT, symbol TEXT, profit REAL, type INTEGER)"
+    )
+
+
+def _make_history_deals_symbol_pnl_minimal(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    """history_deals with entry but without volume and price columns."""
+    conn.execute(
+        "CREATE TABLE history_deals"
+        " (time TEXT, symbol TEXT, profit REAL, type INTEGER, entry INTEGER)"
+    )
+
+
+def _make_history_orders_table(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+    conn.execute(
+        "CREATE TABLE history_orders"
+        " (time_setup TEXT, symbol TEXT, ticket INTEGER, type INTEGER)"
+    )
+
+
+_TIMESTAMP_TIME_SETUP: pd.Timestamp = pd.Timestamp("2024-01-15 10:30:00", tz="UTC")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# TestSnapshotTables
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestSnapshotTables:
+    """Tests for create_snapshot_tables."""
+
+    def test_creates_all_five_tables(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+        """All five snapshot tables are created."""
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        tables = _get_names(conn, "table")
+        assert "snapshot_runs" in tables
+        assert "account_snapshots" in tables
+        assert "position_snapshots" in tables
+        assert "order_snapshots" in tables
+        assert "terminal_snapshots" in tables
+
+    def test_is_idempotent(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+        """Calling create_snapshot_tables twice does not raise."""
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        tables = _get_names(conn, "table")
+        assert "snapshot_runs" in tables
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# TestCreateViewSafe
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestCreateViewSafe:
+    """Tests for _create_view_safe."""
+
+    def test_creates_view_successfully(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+        """A valid select SQL creates the named view."""
+        _create_view_safe(conn, "test_view", "SELECT 1 AS val")
+        views = _get_names(conn, "view")
+        assert "test_view" in views
+
+    def test_replaces_existing_view(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+        """Calling again with a new SQL replaces the existing view."""
+        _create_view_safe(conn, "test_view", "SELECT 1 AS val")
+        _create_view_safe(conn, "test_view", "SELECT 2 AS val")
+        result = conn.execute("SELECT val FROM test_view").fetchone()
+        assert result == (2,)
+
+    def test_logs_warning_on_sqlite_error(
+        self,
+        caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    ) -> None:
+        """sqlite3.Error during CREATE VIEW logs a warning instead of raising."""
+        mock_conn = MagicMock()
+        mock_conn.execute.side_effect = [
+            None,
+            sqlite3.OperationalError("parse error"),
+        ]
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="mt5cli.grafana"):
+            _create_view_safe(mock_conn, "bad_view", "SELECT 1")
+        assert "Skipping view bad_view" in caplog.text
+        assert "parse error" in caplog.text
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# TestGrafanaViews
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestGrafanaViews:
+    """Tests for create_grafana_views and individual view builders."""
+
+    def test_all_views_created_with_full_schema(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """All 13 Grafana views are created when all source tables are present."""
+        _make_rates_table(conn)
+        _make_ticks_table(conn)
+        _make_history_deals_full(conn)
+        _make_history_orders_table(conn)
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        create_grafana_views(conn)
+        views = _get_names(conn, "view")
+        expected = {
+            "grafana_rates",
+            "grafana_ticks",
+            "grafana_history_deals",
+            "grafana_history_orders",
+            "grafana_trade_deals",
+            "grafana_cash_events",
+            "grafana_realized_pnl",
+            "grafana_symbol_pnl",
+            "grafana_trade_stats",
+            "grafana_account_snapshots",
+            "grafana_position_snapshots",
+            "grafana_order_snapshots",
+            "grafana_terminal_snapshots",
+        }
+        assert expected.issubset(views)
+
+    def test_stale_view_dropped_when_source_table_disappears(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """create_grafana_views drops a previously created view whose source is gone."""
+        _make_ticks_table(conn)
+        create_grafana_views(conn)
+        assert "grafana_ticks" in _get_names(conn, "view")
+        conn.execute("DROP TABLE ticks")
+        create_grafana_views(conn)
+        assert "grafana_ticks" not in _get_names(conn, "view")
+
+    def test_grafana_rates_skipped_when_table_absent(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    ) -> None:
+        """grafana_rates is skipped when rates table is missing."""
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="mt5cli.grafana"):
+            create_grafana_views(conn)
+        assert "grafana_rates" not in _get_names(conn, "view")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("ddl", "view_name"),
+        [
+            ("CREATE TABLE rates (open REAL)", "grafana_rates"),
+            ("CREATE TABLE ticks (bid REAL)", "grafana_ticks"),
+            ("CREATE TABLE history_deals (symbol TEXT)", "grafana_history_deals"),
+            ("CREATE TABLE history_orders (symbol TEXT)", "grafana_history_orders"),
+            ("CREATE TABLE history_deals (symbol TEXT)", "grafana_trade_deals"),
+            ("CREATE TABLE history_deals (symbol TEXT)", "grafana_cash_events"),
+            (
+                "CREATE TABLE history_deals (time TEXT, type INTEGER)",
+                "grafana_realized_pnl",
+            ),
+            (
+                (
+                    "CREATE TABLE history_deals"
+                    " (time TEXT, symbol TEXT, profit REAL, type INTEGER)"
+                ),
+                "grafana_realized_pnl",
+            ),
+            (
+                "CREATE TABLE history_deals (time TEXT, type INTEGER)",
+                "grafana_symbol_pnl",
+            ),
+            ("CREATE TABLE history_deals (time TEXT)", "grafana_trade_stats"),
+        ],
+        ids=[
+            "rates-cols",
+            "ticks-cols",
+            "history_deals-time",
+            "history_orders-time_setup",
+            "trade_deals-cols",
+            "cash_events-cols",
+            "realized_pnl-cols",
+            "realized_pnl-entry",
+            "symbol_pnl-cols",
+            "trade_stats-cols",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_grafana_view_skipped_when_required_cols_missing(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+        ddl: str,
+        view_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """A grafana view is skipped (with warning) when source columns are missing."""
+        conn.execute(ddl)
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="mt5cli.grafana"):
+            create_grafana_views(conn)
+        assert view_name not in _get_names(conn, "view")
+        assert f"Skipping {view_name}" in caplog.text
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("setup_deals", "optional_cols"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                _make_history_deals_symbol_pnl_minimal, set[str](), id="minimal"
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                _make_history_deals_full,
+                {"volume", "price"},
+                id="full",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_grafana_symbol_pnl_schema(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        setup_deals: Callable[[sqlite3.Connection], None],
+        optional_cols: set[str],
+    ) -> None:
+        """grafana_symbol_pnl is created and includes optional columns when present."""
+        setup_deals(conn)
+        create_grafana_views(conn)
+        assert "grafana_symbol_pnl" in _get_names(conn, "view")
+        cols = {row[1] for row in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(grafana_symbol_pnl)")}
+        assert optional_cols.issubset(cols)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "setup_deals",
+        [_make_history_deals_minimal, _make_history_deals_full],
+        ids=["minimal", "full"],
+    )
+    def test_grafana_trade_stats_static_summary(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        setup_deals: Callable[[sqlite3.Connection], None],
+    ) -> None:
+        """grafana_trade_stats is a static summary view with no time column."""
+        setup_deals(conn)
+        create_grafana_views(conn)
+        assert "grafana_trade_stats" in _get_names(conn, "view")
+        cols = {
+            row[1] for row in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(grafana_trade_stats)")
+        }
+        assert "time" not in cols
+        assert "symbol" in cols
+
+    def test_snapshot_views_skipped_when_snapshot_tables_absent(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Snapshot views are skipped when snapshot tables are not created."""
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="mt5cli.grafana"):
+            create_grafana_views(conn)
+        views = _get_names(conn, "view")
+        assert "grafana_account_snapshots" not in views
+        assert "grafana_position_snapshots" not in views
+        assert "grafana_order_snapshots" not in views
+        assert "grafana_terminal_snapshots" not in views
+
+    def test_build_snapshot_view_with_only_run_id_col(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """_build_snapshot_view exposes time and run_id when table has only run_id."""
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        conn.execute("CREATE TABLE only_run (run_id INTEGER NOT NULL)")
+        run_id = start_snapshot_run(conn, 1000)
+        record_snapshot_run(conn, run_id, "ok")
+        conn.execute("INSERT INTO only_run (run_id) VALUES (?)", (run_id,))
+        _build_snapshot_view(conn, "test_view", "only_run")
+        assert "test_view" in _get_names(conn, "view")
+        cols = {row[1] for row in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(test_view)")}
+        assert "time" in cols
+        assert "run_id" in cols
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("use_snapshot_tables", "table_ddl", "table_name", "log_fragment"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                False,
+                "CREATE TABLE only_run (run_id INTEGER NOT NULL)",
+                "only_run",
+                "snapshot_runs missing required columns",
+                id="snapshot-runs-wrong-columns",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                True,
+                "CREATE TABLE no_run_id (symbol TEXT)",
+                "no_run_id",
+                "missing run_id column",
+                id="table-missing-run-id",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_build_snapshot_view_skips_negative_cases(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+        use_snapshot_tables: bool,
+        table_ddl: str,
+        table_name: str,
+        log_fragment: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """_build_snapshot_view skips view creation for invalid table/run metadata."""
+        if use_snapshot_tables:
+            create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        else:
+            conn.execute("CREATE TABLE snapshot_runs (foo TEXT)")
+        conn.execute(table_ddl)
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="mt5cli.grafana"):
+            _build_snapshot_view(conn, "test_view", table_name)
+        assert "test_view" not in _get_names(conn, "view")
+        assert log_fragment in caplog.text
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("started_at", "status", "message", "keep_row"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                1000,
+                "error",
+                "terminal offline",
+                False,
+                id="excludes-failed-run-rows",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(2000, "ok", None, True, id="includes-ok-run-rows"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_snapshot_view_filters_rows_by_run_status(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        started_at: int,
+        status: str,
+        message: str | None,
+        keep_row: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Snapshot views expose rows only from successful runs."""
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        run_id = start_snapshot_run(conn, started_at)
+        conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO account_snapshots"
+            " (run_id, login, balance, equity, margin, margin_free, profit)"
+            " VALUES (?, 12345, 10000.0, 9800.0, 200.0, 9600.0, -200.0)",
+            (run_id,),
+        )
+        record_snapshot_run(conn, run_id, status, message)
+        create_grafana_views(conn)
+        rows = conn.execute(
+            "SELECT time, run_id, login FROM grafana_account_snapshots"
+        ).fetchall()
+        if keep_row:
+            assert rows == [(started_at, run_id, 12345)]
+            cols = {
+                row[1]
+                for row in conn.execute("PRAGMA table_info(grafana_account_snapshots)")
+            }
+            assert "run_id" in cols
+        else:
+            assert rows == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("observed_at", "runs", "expected_rows"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                3000,
+                [("error", 99), ("ok", 12345)],
+                [(12345,)],
+                id="same-second-error-and-ok-exposes-only-ok-row",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                4000,
+                [("ok", 1), ("ok", 2)],
+                [(1,), (2,)],
+                id="same-second-two-ok-runs-no-duplication",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_snapshot_view_same_second_runs(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        observed_at: int,
+        runs: list[tuple[str, int]],
+        expected_rows: list[tuple[int]],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Snapshot views join same-second rows by run_id."""
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        for status, login in runs:
+            run_id = start_snapshot_run(conn, observed_at)
+            conn.execute(
+                "INSERT INTO account_snapshots (run_id, login) VALUES (?, ?)",
+                (run_id, login),
+            )
+            record_snapshot_run(conn, run_id, status)
+        create_grafana_views(conn)
+        rows = conn.execute("SELECT login FROM grafana_account_snapshots").fetchall()
+        assert rows == expected_rows
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# TestGrafanaIndexes
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestGrafanaIndexes:
+    """Tests for create_grafana_indexes."""
+
+    def test_all_indexes_created_with_full_schema(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """All 9 indexes are created when all source tables are present."""
+        _make_rates_table(conn)
+        _make_ticks_table(conn)
+        _make_history_deals_full(conn)
+        _make_history_orders_table(conn)
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        create_grafana_indexes(conn)
+        indexes = _get_names(conn, "index")
+        assert "idx_rates_time_symbol_timeframe" in indexes
+        assert "idx_ticks_time_symbol" in indexes
+        assert "idx_history_deals_time_symbol" in indexes
+        assert "idx_history_deals_symbol_time" in indexes
+        assert "idx_history_orders_time_setup_symbol" in indexes
+        assert "idx_account_snapshots_time_login" in indexes
+        assert "idx_position_snapshots_time_symbol" in indexes
+        assert "idx_order_snapshots_time_symbol" in indexes
+        assert "idx_snapshot_runs_time_status" in indexes
+
+    def test_no_indexes_created_when_tables_absent(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """No indexes are created when tables are absent."""
+        create_grafana_indexes(conn)
+        indexes = _get_names(conn, "index")
+        assert not any(name.startswith("idx_") for name in indexes)
+
+    def test_indexes_for_snapshot_tables_skipped_when_absent(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Snapshot table indexes are skipped when snapshot tables don't exist."""
+        _make_history_deals_full(conn)
+        create_grafana_indexes(conn)
+        indexes = _get_names(conn, "index")
+        assert "idx_account_snapshots_time_login" not in indexes
+        assert "idx_position_snapshots_time_symbol" not in indexes
+        assert "idx_order_snapshots_time_symbol" not in indexes
+        assert "idx_snapshot_runs_time_status" not in indexes
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("ddl", "index_name"),
+        [
+            ("CREATE TABLE rates (open REAL)", "idx_rates_time_symbol_timeframe"),
+            ("CREATE TABLE ticks (bid REAL)", "idx_ticks_time_symbol"),
+            (
+                "CREATE TABLE history_deals (ticket INTEGER)",
+                "idx_history_deals_time_symbol",
+            ),
+            (
+                "CREATE TABLE history_orders (ticket INTEGER)",
+                "idx_history_orders_time_setup_symbol",
+            ),
+        ],
+        ids=["rates", "ticks", "deals", "orders"],
+    )
+    def test_index_skipped_when_cols_missing(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        ddl: str,
+        index_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """An index is skipped when the source table lacks required columns."""
+        conn.execute(ddl)
+        create_grafana_indexes(conn)
+        assert index_name not in _get_names(conn, "index")
+
+    def test_snapshot_indexes_skipped_when_cols_missing(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Snapshot table indexes are skipped when required columns are absent."""
+        conn.execute("CREATE TABLE account_snapshots (foo TEXT)")
+        conn.execute("CREATE TABLE position_snapshots (foo TEXT)")
+        conn.execute("CREATE TABLE order_snapshots (foo TEXT)")
+        conn.execute("CREATE TABLE snapshot_runs (foo TEXT)")
+        create_grafana_indexes(conn)
+        indexes = _get_names(conn, "index")
+        assert "idx_account_snapshots_time_login" not in indexes
+        assert "idx_position_snapshots_time_symbol" not in indexes
+        assert "idx_order_snapshots_time_symbol" not in indexes
+        assert "idx_snapshot_runs_time_status" not in indexes
+
+    def test_indexes_are_idempotent(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+        """Creating indexes twice does not raise (IF NOT EXISTS)."""
+        _make_rates_table(conn)
+        create_grafana_indexes(conn)
+        create_grafana_indexes(conn)
+        indexes = _get_names(conn, "index")
+        assert "idx_rates_time_symbol_timeframe" in indexes
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# TestEnsureGrafanaSchema
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestEnsureGrafanaSchema:
+    """Tests for ensure_grafana_schema."""
+
+    def test_creates_all_tables_views_and_indexes(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """ensure_grafana_schema creates snapshot tables, views, and indexes."""
+        _make_rates_table(conn)
+        _make_history_deals_full(conn)
+        ensure_grafana_schema(conn)
+        tables = _get_names(conn, "table")
+        assert "snapshot_runs" in tables
+        assert "account_snapshots" in tables
+        views = _get_names(conn, "view")
+        assert "grafana_rates" in views
+        assert "grafana_account_snapshots" in views
+        indexes = _get_names(conn, "index")
+        assert "idx_rates_time_symbol_timeframe" in indexes
+
+    def test_is_idempotent(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+        """Calling ensure_grafana_schema twice does not raise."""
+        ensure_grafana_schema(conn)
+        ensure_grafana_schema(conn)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# TestSnapshotInserts
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class TestSnapshotInserts:
+    """Tests for snapshot insert helpers."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def setup_tables(self, conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
+        """Create snapshot tables before each insert test."""
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("insert_func", "row", "select_sql", "expected"),
+        [
+            (
+                insert_account_snapshot,
+                {
+                    "login": 12345,
+                    "currency": "USD",
+                    "balance": 10000.0,
+                    "equity": 9800.0,
+                    "margin": 200.0,
+                    "margin_free": 9800.0,
+                    "margin_level": 4900.0,
+                    "profit": -200.0,
+                    "leverage": 100,
+                },
+                "SELECT login, currency, balance FROM account_snapshots",
+                (12345, "USD", 10000.0),
+            ),
+            (
+                insert_terminal_snapshot,
+                {
+                    "name": "MetaTrader 5",
+                    "connected": 1,
+                    "community_account": 0,
+                    "trade_allowed": 1,
+                    "trade_expert": 1,
+                    "path": "/mt5",
+                    "company": "Broker",
+                    "language": "en",
+                },
+                "SELECT name, connected FROM terminal_snapshots",
+                ("MetaTrader 5", 1),
+            ),
+        ],
+        ids=["account", "terminal"],
+    )
+    def test_insert_single_snapshot(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        insert_func: Callable[[sqlite3.Connection, int, dict[str, object]], None],
+        row: dict[str, object],
+        select_sql: str,
+        expected: tuple[object, ...],
+    ) -> None:
+        """insert_account_snapshot and insert_terminal_snapshot append one row."""
+        run_id = start_snapshot_run(conn, 1700000000)
+        insert_func(conn, run_id, row)
+        result = conn.execute(select_sql).fetchone()
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_insert_account_snapshot_partial_row(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """insert_account_snapshot works when some fields are missing (uses None)."""
+        run_id = start_snapshot_run(conn, 1700000000)
+        insert_account_snapshot(conn, run_id, {"login": 1})
+        result = conn.execute(
+            "SELECT login, currency FROM account_snapshots"
+        ).fetchone()
+        assert result == (1, None)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("insert_func", "table", "rows", "expected_count"),
+        [
+            (
+                insert_position_snapshots,
+                "position_snapshots",
+                [
+                    {"ticket": 1, "symbol": "EURUSD", "volume": 0.1, "profit": 10.0},
+                    {"ticket": 2, "symbol": "GBPUSD", "volume": 0.2, "profit": -5.0},
+                ],
+                2,
+            ),
+            (
+                insert_position_snapshots,
+                "position_snapshots",
+                [],
+                0,
+            ),
+            (
+                insert_order_snapshots,
+                "order_snapshots",
+                [
+                    {
+                        "ticket": 10,
+                        "symbol": "EURUSD",
+                        "type": 2,
+                        "volume_current": 0.1,
+                    },
+                ],
+                1,
+            ),
+            (
+                insert_order_snapshots,
+                "order_snapshots",
+                [],
+                0,
+            ),
+        ],
+        ids=[
+            "positions-with-rows",
+            "positions-empty-noop",
+            "orders-with-rows",
+            "orders-empty-noop",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_insert_snapshot_rows(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        insert_func: Callable[
+            [sqlite3.Connection, int, int | None, list[dict[str, object]]],
+            None,
+        ],
+        table: str,
+        rows: list[dict[str, object]],
+        expected_count: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        """insert_*_snapshots appends each row and is a no-op when empty."""
+        run_id = start_snapshot_run(conn, 1700000000)
+        insert_func(conn, run_id, 12345, rows)
+        count = conn.execute(
+            f"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {table}"  # noqa: S608
+        ).fetchone()[0]
+        assert count == expected_count
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("time_setup", "expected_stored"),
+        [
+            (_TIMESTAMP_TIME_SETUP, int(_TIMESTAMP_TIME_SETUP.timestamp())),
+            (1705314600, 1705314600),
+            ("not_a_time", None),
+        ],
+        ids=["timestamp", "int", "unknown-string"],
+    )
+    def test_insert_order_snapshots_normalizes_time_setup(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        time_setup: object,
+        expected_stored: int | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """insert_order_snapshots stores epoch int, int as-is, or None for unknown."""
+        run_id = start_snapshot_run(conn, 1700000000)
+        rows: list[dict[str, object]] = [{"ticket": 10, "time_setup": time_setup}]
+        insert_order_snapshots(conn, run_id, 12345, rows)
+        stored = conn.execute("SELECT time_setup FROM order_snapshots").fetchone()[0]
+        assert stored == expected_stored
+
+    def test_start_snapshot_run_returns_incrementing_ids(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+    ) -> None:
+        """start_snapshot_run returns a unique run_id for each call."""
+        run1 = start_snapshot_run(conn, 1700000000)
+        run2 = start_snapshot_run(conn, 1700000000)
+        assert run1 != run2
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("status", "detail", "expected"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                "error",
+                "RuntimeError: boom",
+                ("error", "RuntimeError: boom"),
+                id="with-detail",
+            ),
+            pytest.param("ok", None, ("ok", None), id="without-detail"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_record_snapshot_run(
+        self,
+        conn: sqlite3.Connection,
+        status: str,
+        detail: str | None,
+        expected: tuple[str, str | None],
+    ) -> None:
+        """record_snapshot_run stores status and optional detail text."""
+        run_id = start_snapshot_run(conn, 1700000000)
+        record_snapshot_run(conn, run_id, status, detail)
+        row = conn.execute("SELECT status, detail FROM snapshot_runs").fetchone()
+        assert row == expected
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# TestPublishGrafanaCopy
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _make_source_db(path: Path) -> None:
+    """Create a minimal source SQLite database with snapshot tables."""
+    with sqlite3.connect(path) as conn:
+        conn.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
+        create_snapshot_tables(conn)
+        conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO snapshot_runs (observed_at, status) VALUES (?, 'ok')",
+            (1700000000,),
+        )
+
+
+class TestPublishGrafanaCopy:
+    """Tests for publish_grafana_copy."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("target_rel", "stale_content", "required_tables"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                Path("out") / "grafana.db",
+                None,
+                frozenset({"snapshot_runs", "account_snapshots"}),
+                id="fresh-target",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                Path("grafana.db"),
+                b"stale",
+                frozenset({"snapshot_runs"}),
+                id="overwrite-stale-target",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_publish_creates_valid_sqlite_target(
+        self,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+        target_rel: Path,
+        stale_content: bytes | None,
+        required_tables: frozenset[str],
+    ) -> None:
+        """publish_grafana_copy creates or replaces a valid SQLite target."""
+        source = tmp_path / "src.db"
+        target = tmp_path / target_rel
+        _make_source_db(source)
+        if stale_content is not None:
+            target.write_bytes(stale_content)
+        result = publish_grafana_copy(source, target)
+        assert target.exists()
+        assert isinstance(result, Path)
+        assert result == target.resolve()
+        with sqlite3.connect(target) as conn:
+            tables = {
+                row[0]
+                for row in conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'"
+                ).fetchall()
+            }
+        assert required_tables <= tables
+
+    def test_target_can_be_opened_readonly(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Published target can be opened with uri=True in read-only mode."""
+        source = tmp_path / "src.db"
+        target = tmp_path / "grafana.db"
+        _make_source_db(source)
+        publish_grafana_copy(source, target)
+        uri = f"file:{target}?mode=ro"
+        with sqlite3.connect(uri, uri=True) as conn:
+            row = conn.execute("SELECT status FROM snapshot_runs").fetchone()
+        assert row == ("ok",)
+
+    def test_same_path_raises(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """publish_grafana_copy raises ValueError when source equals target."""
+        db = tmp_path / "history.db"
+        _make_source_db(db)
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must differ from the source"):
+            publish_grafana_copy(db, db)
+
+    def test_source_not_found_raises(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """publish_grafana_copy raises FileNotFoundError when source is absent."""
+        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+            publish_grafana_copy(tmp_path / "missing.db", tmp_path / "out.db")
+
+    def test_preserve_old_target_on_backup_failure(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Old target is preserved when the backup fails."""
+        source = tmp_path / "src.db"
+        target = tmp_path / "grafana.db"
+        _make_source_db(source)
+        original_content = b"original_data"
+        target.write_bytes(original_content)
+        with patch("sqlite3.connect") as mock_connect:
+            mock_src = MagicMock()
+            mock_src.__enter__ = MagicMock(return_value=mock_src)
+            mock_src.__exit__ = MagicMock(return_value=False)
+            mock_src.backup.side_effect = sqlite3.OperationalError("backup failed")
+            mock_connect.return_value = mock_src
+            with pytest.raises(sqlite3.OperationalError, match="backup failed"):
+                publish_grafana_copy(source, target)
+        assert target.read_bytes() == original_content
+
+    def test_temp_file_cleaned_up_on_failure(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Temporary file is removed when backup raises an exception."""
+        source = tmp_path / "src.db"
+        target = tmp_path / "grafana.db"
+        _make_source_db(source)
+        with patch("sqlite3.connect") as mock_connect:
+            mock_src = MagicMock()
+            mock_src.__enter__ = MagicMock(return_value=mock_src)
+            mock_src.__exit__ = MagicMock(return_value=False)
+            mock_src.backup.side_effect = sqlite3.OperationalError("fail")
+            mock_connect.return_value = mock_src
+            with pytest.raises(sqlite3.OperationalError):
+                publish_grafana_copy(source, target)
+        tmp_files = list(tmp_path.glob("grafana.db.*.tmp"))
+        assert not tmp_files, "Temp file should be cleaned up on failure"
+
+    def test_fresh_target_has_readable_permissions(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Published copy is readable by the owner."""
+        import stat as _stat  # noqa: PLC0415
+
+        source = tmp_path / "src.db"
+        target = tmp_path / "grafana.db"
+        _make_source_db(source)
+        publish_grafana_copy(source, target)
+        mode = target.stat().st_mode & 0o777
+        assert bool(mode & _stat.S_IRUSR), "owner must be able to read"
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        __import__("sys").platform == "win32",
+        reason="Windows does not support Unix-style group/other permission bits",
+    )
+    def test_overwrite_preserves_existing_target_mode(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Overwriting an existing target preserves that target's file mode."""
+        source = tmp_path / "src.db"
+        target = tmp_path / "grafana.db"
+        _make_source_db(source)
+        target.write_bytes(b"old")
+        target.chmod(0o640)
+        publish_grafana_copy(source, target)
+        mode = target.stat().st_mode & 0o777
+        assert mode == 0o640

tests/test_telemetry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+"""Tests for mt5cli.telemetry module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+from opentelemetry.sdk.metrics.export import InMemoryMetricReader
+
+from mt5cli.telemetry import (
+    _OTEL_AVAILABLE,  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+    _Mt5Metrics,  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+    _NoOp,  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+    configure_metrics,
+    enable_otel_metrics,
+    get_metrics,
+)
+
+
+class TestNoOp:
+    """Tests for _NoOp no-op instrument."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["add", "set", "record"])
+    def test_method_is_noop(self, method: str) -> None:
+        """_NoOp methods accept amount and optional attributes without error."""
+        noop = _NoOp()
+        bound = getattr(noop, method)
+        bound(1.0)
+        bound(1.0, {"key": "val"})
+
+
+class TestMt5Metrics:
+    """Tests for _Mt5Metrics."""
+
+    def test_default_instruments_are_noop(self) -> None:
+        """Default _Mt5Metrics methods do not raise before configure is called."""
+        m = _Mt5Metrics()
+        m.record_account_state(
+            login="123",
+            server="demo",
+            balance=1000.0,
+            equity=1050.0,
+            margin=100.0,
+            margin_free=950.0,
+            margin_level=1050.0,
+        )
+
+    def test_configure_calls_meter(self) -> None:
+        """configure() calls create_histogram, create_counter, create_gauge on meter."""
+        meter = MagicMock()
+        m = _Mt5Metrics()
+        m.configure(meter)
+        assert meter.create_histogram.called
+        assert meter.create_counter.called
+        assert meter.create_gauge.called
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        (
+            "method",
+            "kwargs",
+            "duration_attr",
+            "failures_attr",
+            "last_success_attr",
+        ),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                "record_history_update",
+                {"dataset": "rates"},
+                "_history_duration",
+                "_history_failures",
+                "_last_successful_update",
+                id="history-update",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                "record_snapshot_update",
+                {},
+                "_snapshot_duration",
+                "_snapshot_failures",
+                None,
+                id="snapshot-update",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_record_update_success(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        kwargs: dict[str, str],
+        duration_attr: str,
+        failures_attr: str,
+        last_success_attr: str | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """record_*_update records duration and timestamp on success."""
+        meter = MagicMock()
+        m = _Mt5Metrics()
+        m.configure(meter)
+        with getattr(m, method)(**kwargs):
+            pass
+        getattr(m, duration_attr).record.assert_called_once()  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+        getattr(m, failures_attr).add.assert_not_called()  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+        if last_success_attr is not None:
+            getattr(m, last_success_attr).set.assert_called_once()  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        (
+            "method",
+            "kwargs",
+            "exc",
+            "duration_attr",
+            "failures_attr",
+            "failure_labels",
+        ),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                "record_history_update",
+                {"dataset": "rates"},
+                ValueError("boom"),
+                "_history_duration",
+                "_history_failures",
+                {"dataset": "rates"},
+                id="history-update",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                "record_snapshot_update",
+                {},
+                RuntimeError("snap fail"),
+                "_snapshot_duration",
+                "_snapshot_failures",
+                {},
+                id="snapshot-update",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_record_update_failure(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        kwargs: dict[str, str],
+        exc: BaseException,
+        duration_attr: str,
+        failures_attr: str,
+        failure_labels: dict[str, str],
+    ) -> None:
+        """record_*_update increments failure counter and re-raises on error."""
+        meter = MagicMock()
+        m = _Mt5Metrics()
+        m.configure(meter)
+        with (
+            pytest.raises(type(exc), match=str(exc)),
+            getattr(m, method)(**kwargs),
+        ):
+            raise exc
+        getattr(m, failures_attr).add.assert_called_once_with(  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+            1,
+            failure_labels,
+        )
+        getattr(m, duration_attr).record.assert_not_called()  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+
+    def test_add_history_rows(self) -> None:
+        """add_history_rows increments the rows-written counter."""
+        meter = MagicMock()
+        m = _Mt5Metrics()
+        m.configure(meter)
+        m.add_history_rows(42, dataset="rates")
+        m._history_rows.add.assert_called_once_with(  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+            42, {"dataset": "rates"}
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("method", "kwargs", "gauge_attr", "expected_set_count"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(
+                "record_position_state",
+                {
+                    "login": "42",
+                    "server": "demo",
+                    "symbol": "EURUSD",
+                    "profit": 12.5,
+                    "volume": 0.01,
+                },
+                "_position_profit",
+                2,
+                id="position-state",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                "record_terminal_state",
+                {
+                    "connected": 1.0,
+                    "trade_allowed": 1.0,
+                    "trade_expert": 0.0,
+                },
+                "_terminal_connected",
+                3,
+                id="terminal-state",
+            ),
+            pytest.param(
+                "record_account_state",
+                {
+                    "login": "99",
+                    "server": "live",
+                    "balance": 5000.0,
+                    "equity": 5100.0,
+                    "margin": 200.0,
+                    "margin_free": 4800.0,
+                    "margin_level": 2550.0,
+                },
+                "_account_balance",
+                5,
+                id="account-state",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_record_state_emits_gauges(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        kwargs: dict[str, float | str],
+        gauge_attr: str,
+        expected_set_count: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        """record_*_state emits the expected gauge set calls after configure."""
+        meter = MagicMock()
+        m = _Mt5Metrics()
+        m.configure(meter)
+        getattr(m, method)(**kwargs)
+        # Related gauges share the same create_gauge mock; verify total set calls.
+        assert (  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
+            getattr(m, gauge_attr).set.call_count == expected_set_count
+        )
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("method", "kwargs"),
+        [
+            ("record_history_update", {"dataset": "ticks"}),
+            ("record_snapshot_update", {}),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_record_update_noop_before_configure(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        kwargs: dict[str, str],
+    ) -> None:
+        """record_*_update works without configure (no-op instruments)."""
+        m = _Mt5Metrics()
+        with getattr(m, method)(**kwargs):
+            pass
+
+
+class TestConfigureMetrics:
+    """Tests for configure_metrics and get_metrics."""
+
+    def test_configure_metrics_updates_global(self) -> None:
+        """configure_metrics wires up the global singleton."""
+        meter = MagicMock()
+        configure_metrics(meter)
+        assert get_metrics() is get_metrics()
+
+    def test_get_metrics_returns_mt5metrics(self) -> None:
+        """get_metrics returns the global _Mt5Metrics instance."""
+        assert isinstance(get_metrics(), _Mt5Metrics)
+
+
+class TestEnableOtelMetrics:
+    """Tests for enable_otel_metrics."""
+
+    def test_enable_raises_when_unavailable(
+        self,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    ) -> None:
+        """enable_otel_metrics raises ImportError when OTel is not installed."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("mt5cli.telemetry._OTEL_AVAILABLE", False)
+        with pytest.raises(ImportError, match="opentelemetry-api"):
+            enable_otel_metrics()
+
+    def test_enable_configures_sdk_pipeline_with_readers(
+        self,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    ) -> None:
+        """enable_otel_metrics wires up an SDK MeterProvider with supplied readers."""
+        mock_mod = MagicMock()
+        monkeypatch.setattr("mt5cli.telemetry._OTEL_AVAILABLE", True)
+        monkeypatch.setattr("mt5cli.telemetry._otel_metrics_mod", mock_mod)
+        reader = InMemoryMetricReader()
+        enable_otel_metrics("my-service", readers=[reader])
+        mock_mod.set_meter_provider.assert_called_once()
+        provider = mock_mod.set_meter_provider.call_args[0][0]
+        assert provider.get_meter("my-service") is not None
+
+    def test_enable_default_readers_uses_otlp(
+        self,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    ) -> None:
+        """enable_otel_metrics with no readers creates an OTLP pipeline by default."""
+        mock_mod = MagicMock()
+        monkeypatch.setattr("mt5cli.telemetry._OTEL_AVAILABLE", True)
+        monkeypatch.setattr("mt5cli.telemetry._otel_metrics_mod", mock_mod)
+        monkeypatch.setattr("mt5cli.telemetry._OtelOTLPExporter", MagicMock())
+        enable_otel_metrics("my-service")
+        mock_mod.set_meter_provider.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_enable_default_readers_raises_when_otlp_missing(
+        self,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    ) -> None:
+        """enable_otel_metrics raises ImportError when the OTLP exporter is missing."""
+        mock_mod = MagicMock()
+        monkeypatch.setattr("mt5cli.telemetry._OTEL_AVAILABLE", True)
+        monkeypatch.setattr("mt5cli.telemetry._otel_metrics_mod", mock_mod)
+        monkeypatch.setattr("mt5cli.telemetry._OtelOTLPExporter", None)
+        with pytest.raises(ImportError, match="opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-http"):
+            enable_otel_metrics()
+
+    def test_otel_available_flag_is_bool(self) -> None:
+        """_OTEL_AVAILABLE is a boolean."""
+        assert isinstance(_OTEL_AVAILABLE, bool)

tests/test_utils.py

@@ -4,21 +4,22 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import sqlite3
+import sys
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
 
+import mt5cli.utils
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pathlib import Path
 
 from mt5cli.utils import (
     DATETIME_TYPE,
     REQUEST_TYPE,
-    TICK_FLAG_MAP,
     TICK_FLAGS_TYPE,
-    TIMEFRAME_MAP,
     TIMEFRAME_TYPE,
     Dataset,
     IfExists,
@@ -88,39 +89,56 @@ class TestExportDataframe:
         """Create a sample DataFrame for testing."""
         return pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": ["x", "y", "z"]})
 
-    def test_export_csv(self, tmp_path: Path, sample_df: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
-        """Test CSV export."""
-        output = tmp_path / "out.csv"
-        export_dataframe(sample_df, output, "csv")
-        result = pd.read_csv(output)
-        pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(result, sample_df)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("filename", "output_format", "reader"),
+        [
+            ("out.csv", "csv", "csv"),
+            ("out.json", "json", "json"),
+            ("out.parquet", "parquet", "parquet"),
+            ("out.db", "sqlite3", "sqlite3"),
+        ],
+        ids=["csv", "json", "parquet", "sqlite3"],
+    )
+    def test_export_round_trip(
+        self,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+        sample_df: pd.DataFrame,
+        filename: str,
+        output_format: str,
+        reader: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test CSV/JSON/Parquet/SQLite3 exports round-trip the sample DataFrame."""
+        output = tmp_path / filename
+        export_dataframe(sample_df, output, output_format, table_name="test_table")
+        if reader == "csv":
+            result = pd.read_csv(output)
+            pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(result, sample_df)
+        elif reader == "json":
+            with output.open() as f:
+                records = json.load(f)
+            assert len(records) == 3
+            assert records[0]["a"] == 1
+        elif reader == "sqlite3":
+            with sqlite3.connect(output) as conn:
+                result = pd.read_sql(  # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
+                    "SELECT * FROM test_table",
+                    conn,
+                )
+            pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(result, sample_df)
+        else:
+            result = pd.read_parquet(output)
+            pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(result, sample_df)
 
-    def test_export_json(self, tmp_path: Path, sample_df: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
-        """Test JSON export."""
-        output = tmp_path / "out.json"
-        export_dataframe(sample_df, output, "json")
-        with output.open() as f:
-            records = json.load(f)
-        assert len(records) == 3
-        assert records[0]["a"] == 1
-
-    def test_export_parquet(self, tmp_path: Path, sample_df: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
-        """Test Parquet export."""
-        output = tmp_path / "out.parquet"
-        export_dataframe(sample_df, output, "parquet")
-        result = pd.read_parquet(output)
-        pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(result, sample_df)
-
-    def test_export_sqlite3(self, tmp_path: Path, sample_df: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
-        """Test SQLite3 export."""
-        output = tmp_path / "out.db"
-        export_dataframe(sample_df, output, "sqlite3", table_name="test_table")
-        with sqlite3.connect(output) as conn:
-            result = pd.read_sql(  # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
-                "SELECT * FROM test_table",
-                conn,
-            )
-        pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(result, sample_df)
+    def test_export_parquet_without_pyarrow(
+        self,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+        sample_df: pd.DataFrame,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test that a clear error is raised when pyarrow is not installed."""
+        monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "pyarrow", None)
+        with pytest.raises(ImportError, match="mt5cli\\[parquet\\]"):
+            export_dataframe(sample_df, tmp_path / "out.parquet", "parquet")
 
     def test_unsupported_format_raises(
         self,
@@ -135,13 +153,41 @@ class TestExportDataframe:
 class TestExportDataframeToSqlite:
     """Tests for export_dataframe_to_sqlite."""
 
-    def test_append_preserves_existing_rows(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Test append mode keeps prior rows in the SQLite table."""
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("first_if_exists", "second_if_exists"),
+        [
+            pytest.param(IfExists.REPLACE, IfExists.APPEND, id="replace-then-append"),
+            pytest.param(None, None, id="default-append"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_append_preserves_existing_rows(
+        self,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+        first_if_exists: IfExists | None,
+        second_if_exists: IfExists | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Test explicit append and default append modes keep prior rows."""
         output = tmp_path / "append.db"
         first = pd.DataFrame({"id": [1], "value": ["a"]})
         second = pd.DataFrame({"id": [2], "value": ["b"]})
-        export_dataframe_to_sqlite(first, output, "items", if_exists=IfExists.REPLACE)
-        export_dataframe_to_sqlite(second, output, "items", if_exists=IfExists.APPEND)
+        if first_if_exists is None:
+            export_dataframe_to_sqlite(first, output, "items")
+        else:
+            export_dataframe_to_sqlite(
+                first,
+                output,
+                "items",
+                if_exists=first_if_exists,
+            )
+        if second_if_exists is None:
+            export_dataframe_to_sqlite(second, output, "items")
+        else:
+            export_dataframe_to_sqlite(
+                second,
+                output,
+                "items",
+                if_exists=second_if_exists,
+            )
         with sqlite3.connect(output) as conn:
             result = pd.read_sql(  # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
                 "SELECT id, value FROM items ORDER BY id",
@@ -193,26 +239,6 @@ class TestExportDataframeToSqlite:
             }),
         )
 
-    def test_default_if_exists_appends_without_dropping_rows(
-        self,
-        tmp_path: Path,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Test the default append mode keeps prior rows."""
-        output = tmp_path / "default-append.db"
-        first = pd.DataFrame({"id": [1], "value": ["a"]})
-        second = pd.DataFrame({"id": [2], "value": ["b"]})
-        export_dataframe_to_sqlite(first, output, "items")
-        export_dataframe_to_sqlite(second, output, "items")
-        with sqlite3.connect(output) as conn:
-            result = pd.read_sql(  # type: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
-                "SELECT id, value FROM items ORDER BY id",
-                conn,
-            )
-        pd.testing.assert_frame_equal(
-            result,
-            pd.DataFrame({"id": [1, 2], "value": ["a", "b"]}),
-        )
-
     def test_writes_index_with_label(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         """Test optional index export with a custom label."""
         output = tmp_path / "index.db"
@@ -246,15 +272,17 @@ class TestExportDataframeToSqlite:
 class TestParseDatetime:
     """Tests for parse_datetime."""
 
-    def test_valid_date(self) -> None:
-        """Test parsing a date string."""
-        result = parse_datetime("2024-01-15")
-        assert result == datetime(2024, 1, 15, tzinfo=UTC)
-
-    def test_valid_datetime_with_tz(self) -> None:
-        """Test parsing a datetime with timezone."""
-        result = parse_datetime("2024-01-15T12:00:00+00:00")
-        assert result == datetime(2024, 1, 15, 12, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("value", "expected"),
+        [
+            ("2024-01-15", datetime(2024, 1, 15, tzinfo=UTC)),
+            ("2024-01-15T12:00:00+00:00", datetime(2024, 1, 15, 12, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)),
+        ],
+        ids=["date", "datetime-with-tz"],
+    )
+    def test_valid_inputs(self, value: str, expected: datetime) -> None:
+        """Test parsing valid date and datetime strings."""
+        assert parse_datetime(value) == expected
 
     def test_invalid_format_raises(self) -> None:
         """Test that invalid format raises ValueError."""
@@ -267,20 +295,29 @@ class TestParseTimeframe:
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         ("value", "expected"),
-        [("M1", 1), ("h1", 16385), ("D1", 16408), ("MN1", 49153)],
+        [
+            ("M1", 1),
+            ("h1", 16385),
+            ("D1", 16408),
+            ("MN1", 49153),
+            ("1", 1),
+            (16385, 16385),
+        ],
+        ids=["M1", "h1", "D1", "MN1", "int-string-1", "int-16385"],
     )
-    def test_named_timeframe(self, value: str, expected: int) -> None:
-        """Test parsing named timeframes."""
+    def test_valid_timeframe(self, value: str | int, expected: int) -> None:
+        """Test parsing valid string and integer timeframe values."""
         assert parse_timeframe(value) == expected
 
-    def test_integer_timeframe(self) -> None:
-        """Test parsing integer timeframe."""
-        assert parse_timeframe("42") == 42
-
-    def test_invalid_timeframe_raises(self) -> None:
-        """Test that invalid timeframe raises ValueError."""
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "value",
+        ["42", "INVALID"],
+        ids=["unsupported-integer", "invalid-string"],
+    )
+    def test_invalid_timeframe_raises(self, value: str) -> None:
+        """Test that invalid timeframe values raise ValueError."""
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid timeframe"):
-            parse_timeframe("INVALID")
+            parse_timeframe(value)
 
 
 class TestParseTickFlags:
@@ -288,20 +325,29 @@ class TestParseTickFlags:
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         ("value", "expected"),
-        [("ALL", 1), ("info", 2), ("TRADE", 4)],
+        [
+            ("ALL", -1),
+            ("info", 1),
+            ("TRADE", 2),
+            ("COPY_TICKS_ALL", -1),
+            ("-1", -1),
+            (2, 2),
+        ],
+        ids=["ALL", "info", "TRADE", "COPY_TICKS_ALL", "int-string--1", "int-2"],
     )
-    def test_named_flag(self, value: str, expected: int) -> None:
-        """Test parsing named tick flags."""
+    def test_valid_flag(self, value: str | int, expected: int) -> None:
+        """Test parsing valid string and integer tick flag values."""
         assert parse_tick_flags(value) == expected
 
-    def test_integer_flag(self) -> None:
-        """Test parsing integer tick flag."""
-        assert parse_tick_flags("7") == 7
-
-    def test_invalid_flag_raises(self) -> None:
-        """Test that invalid flag raises ValueError."""
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "value",
+        ["7", "INVALID"],
+        ids=["unsupported-integer", "invalid-string"],
+    )
+    def test_invalid_flag_raises(self, value: str) -> None:
+        """Test that invalid tick flag values raise ValueError."""
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid tick flags"):
-            parse_tick_flags("INVALID")
+            parse_tick_flags(value)
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -324,15 +370,17 @@ class TestParseRequest:
         result = parse_request(f"@{path}")
         assert result == {"action": 2}
 
-    def test_invalid_json_raises(self) -> None:
-        """Test that invalid JSON raises ValueError."""
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid JSON request"):
-            parse_request("not json")
-
-    def test_non_object_raises(self) -> None:
-        """Test that a non-object JSON raises ValueError."""
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="must be a JSON object"):
-            parse_request("[1, 2, 3]")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("value", "match"),
+        [
+            pytest.param("not json", "Invalid JSON request", id="invalid-json"),
+            pytest.param("[1, 2, 3]", "must be a JSON object", id="non-object"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_invalid_request_raises(self, value: str, match: str) -> None:
+        """Test that invalid JSON and non-object requests raise ValueError."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=match):
+            parse_request(value)
 
     def test_missing_file_raises(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         """Test that a missing request file raises ValueError."""
@@ -349,14 +397,10 @@ class TestParseRequest:
 class TestConstants:
     """Tests for module constants."""
 
-    def test_timeframe_map_has_expected_keys(self) -> None:
-        """Test that TIMEFRAME_MAP contains standard timeframes."""
-        for key in ("M1", "M5", "M15", "M30", "H1", "H4", "D1", "W1", "MN1"):
-            assert key in TIMEFRAME_MAP
-
-    def test_tick_flag_map_has_expected_keys(self) -> None:
-        """Test that TICK_FLAG_MAP contains standard flags."""
-        assert set(TICK_FLAG_MAP) == {"ALL", "INFO", "TRADE"}
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["TIMEFRAME_MAP", "TICK_FLAG_MAP"])
+    def test_private_maps_absent_from_utils(self, name: str) -> None:
+        """Private pdmt5 maps are not exposed as public mt5cli.utils attributes."""
+        assert not hasattr(mt5cli.utils, name)
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         ("dataset", "expected"),
@@ -399,35 +443,59 @@ class TestDateTimeType:
 class TestTimeframeType:
     """Tests for _TimeframeType."""
 
-    def test_convert_string(self) -> None:
-        """Test converting a string to timeframe integer."""
-        assert TIMEFRAME_TYPE.convert("H1", None, None) == 16385
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("value", "expected"),
+        [("H1", 16385), (16385, 16385)],
+        ids=["string", "int"],
+    )
+    def test_convert_valid(self, value: str | int, expected: int) -> None:
+        """Test converting valid string and integer timeframe values."""
+        assert TIMEFRAME_TYPE.convert(value, None, None) == expected
 
-    def test_convert_int_passthrough(self) -> None:
-        """Test that integer values pass through unchanged."""
-        assert TIMEFRAME_TYPE.convert(42, None, None) == 42
-
-    def test_convert_invalid(self) -> None:
-        """Test that invalid values raise BadParameter."""
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "value",
+        [42, "bad"],
+        ids=["unsupported-int", "invalid-string"],
+    )
+    def test_convert_invalid(self, value: object) -> None:
+        """Test that unsupported int and invalid string values raise BadParameter."""
         with pytest.raises(Exception, match="Invalid timeframe"):
-            TIMEFRAME_TYPE.convert("bad", None, None)
+            TIMEFRAME_TYPE.convert(value, None, None)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [True, False, None, 1.5])
+    def test_convert_invalid_types(self, value: object) -> None:
+        """Test that bool, float, and None values raise BadParameter."""
+        with pytest.raises(Exception, match="Invalid timeframe"):
+            TIMEFRAME_TYPE.convert(value, None, None)
 
 
 class TestTickFlagsType:
     """Tests for _TickFlagsType."""
 
-    def test_convert_string(self) -> None:
-        """Test converting a string to tick flags integer."""
-        assert TICK_FLAGS_TYPE.convert("ALL", None, None) == 1
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("value", "expected"),
+        [("ALL", -1), (2, 2)],
+        ids=["string", "int"],
+    )
+    def test_convert_valid(self, value: str | int, expected: int) -> None:
+        """Test converting valid string and integer tick flag values."""
+        assert TICK_FLAGS_TYPE.convert(value, None, None) == expected
 
-    def test_convert_int_passthrough(self) -> None:
-        """Test that integer values pass through unchanged."""
-        assert TICK_FLAGS_TYPE.convert(7, None, None) == 7
-
-    def test_convert_invalid(self) -> None:
-        """Test that invalid values raise BadParameter."""
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "value",
+        [7, "bad"],
+        ids=["unsupported-int", "invalid-string"],
+    )
+    def test_convert_invalid(self, value: object) -> None:
+        """Test that unsupported int and invalid string values raise BadParameter."""
         with pytest.raises(Exception, match="Invalid tick flags"):
-            TICK_FLAGS_TYPE.convert("bad", None, None)
+            TICK_FLAGS_TYPE.convert(value, None, None)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", [True, False, None, 1.5])
+    def test_convert_invalid_types(self, value: object) -> None:
+        """Test that bool, float, and None values raise BadParameter."""
+        with pytest.raises(Exception, match="Invalid tick flags"):
+            TICK_FLAGS_TYPE.convert(value, None, None)
 
 
 class TestRequestType:

uv.lock

@@ -223,6 +223,18 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f7/ec/67fbef5d497f86283db54c22eec6f6140243aae73265799baaaa19cd17fb/ghp_import-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:8337dd7b50877f163d4c0289bc1f1c7f127550241988d568c1db512c4324a619", size = 11034, upload-time = "2022-05-02T15:47:14.552Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "googleapis-common-protos"
+version = "1.75.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "protobuf" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b5/c8/f439cffde755cffa462bfbb156278fa6f9d09119719af9814b858fd4f81f/googleapis_common_protos-1.75.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:53a062ff3c32552fbd62c11fe23768b78e4ddf0494d5e5fd97d3f4689c75fbbd", size = 151035, upload-time = "2026-05-07T08:04:49.423Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e7/c8/e2645aa8ed02fd4c7a2f59d68783b65b1f3cbdfe39a6308e156509d1fee8/googleapis_common_protos-1.75.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:961ed60399c457ceb0ee8f285a84c870aabc9c6a832b9d37bb281b5bebde43ed", size = 300631, upload-time = "2026-05-07T08:03:30.345Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "griffelib"
 version = "2.0.2"
@@ -355,15 +367,15 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "metatrader5"
-version = "5.0.5640"
+version = "5.0.5735"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "numpy", marker = "sys_platform == 'win32'" },
+    { name = "numpy" },
 ]
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ef/a0/3b764c6743ef601ff12f7d8d62ca5768eb25e90d3758ac7e1d08e667af85/metatrader5-5.0.5640-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:4057255f2d63138a3ea1a5d492715038a71d3177cad793fca97a5c58771b4eb1", size = 48091, upload-time = "2026-02-20T23:31:12.289Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6d/ee/b158bece0322ccf426b2879742bfce00104e53291a3c057a333c90633a88/metatrader5-5.0.5640-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:24fab41178067e67c4d9ceb70bc0923d1814090a6e1f9bc5d7d13fa83737ddee", size = 48067, upload-time = "2026-02-20T23:31:13.815Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e9/39/a735f26d826c6a5dc8c8d665d2bca83f22dc20f92543647712c210800be1/metatrader5-5.0.5640-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:08431a9d02a26d517dcde19fccd571a57ec4454acb798ee246d95eae8946e60e", size = 48073, upload-time = "2026-02-20T23:31:15.35Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/07/0b/3dd5143f14319dca393a3bcf11ddf24f36f16dfb8c6d1bf2b193ce0c5733/metatrader5-5.0.5735-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:0d05b69cef5eb3f43ea47cb6d36dac0e7e15f82a4fb77974439c565daa54d1c9", size = 48091, upload-time = "2026-04-04T16:44:08.677Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d9/db/42dc3437c7371492262b0642c64c7b5f67c396bbcb8101ccf182981b67b3/metatrader5-5.0.5735-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:f6e8584e48f2c3f5de818f17ee65f0f5adfa1e4af29cd5f4bf3f72b91ff06e10", size = 48062, upload-time = "2026-04-04T16:44:09.905Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/87/2c/7ffc362d84f402b97773be5c6b37f1a0ab9882244c987bbb224c379d17d8/metatrader5-5.0.5735-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:0933ea4a9a52b32adcf5590df00f9f75ff380a02bad7b62e23cbd757f34fbb12", size = 48071, upload-time = "2026-04-04T16:44:11.09Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -487,21 +499,35 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mt5cli"
-version = "0.5.2"
+version = "1.1.3"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "click" },
+    { name = "pandas" },
     { name = "pdmt5" },
-    { name = "pyarrow" },
+    { name = "pydantic" },
     { name = "typer" },
 ]
 
+[package.optional-dependencies]
+otel = [
+    { name = "opentelemetry-api" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-http" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-sdk" },
+]
+parquet = [
+    { name = "pyarrow" },
+]
+
 [package.dev-dependencies]
 dev = [
     { name = "mkdocs" },
     { name = "mkdocs-material" },
     { name = "mkdocstrings", extra = ["python"] },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-api" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-sdk" },
     { name = "pandas-stubs" },
+    { name = "pyarrow" },
     { name = "pymdown-extensions" },
     { name = "pyright" },
     { name = "pytest" },
@@ -513,17 +539,26 @@ dev = [
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
     { name = "click", specifier = ">=8.1.0" },
-    { name = "pdmt5", specifier = ">=0.2.3" },
-    { name = "pyarrow", specifier = ">=19.0.0" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-api", marker = "extra == 'otel'" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-http", marker = "extra == 'otel'" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-sdk", marker = "extra == 'otel'" },
+    { name = "pandas", specifier = ">=2.2.2" },
+    { name = "pdmt5", specifier = ">=1.1.0" },
+    { name = "pyarrow", marker = "extra == 'parquet'", specifier = ">=19.0.0" },
+    { name = "pydantic", specifier = ">=2.13.4" },
     { name = "typer", specifier = ">=0.15.0" },
 ]
+provides-extras = ["parquet", "otel"]
 
 [package.metadata.requires-dev]
 dev = [
     { name = "mkdocs", specifier = ">=1.6.1" },
     { name = "mkdocs-material", specifier = ">=9.7.6" },
     { name = "mkdocstrings", extras = ["python"], specifier = ">=1.0.4" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-api" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-sdk" },
     { name = "pandas-stubs", specifier = ">=2.2.3.250527" },
+    { name = "pyarrow", specifier = ">=19.0.0" },
     { name = "pymdown-extensions", specifier = ">=10.21.2" },
     { name = "pyright", specifier = ">=1.1.407" },
     { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=9.0.3" },
@@ -599,6 +634,87 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/57/a7/b35835e278c18b85206834b3aa3abe68e77a98769c59233d1f6300284781/numpy-2.4.3-pp311-pypy311_pp73-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:4b42639cdde6d24e732ff823a3fa5b701d8acad89c4142bc1d0bd6dc85200ba5", size = 12504685, upload-time = "2026-03-09T07:58:50.525Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "opentelemetry-api"
+version = "1.43.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/cc/e4c9584181f86494df0f6bdec1a4f3280c50db44704dc2a407e994fc87bb/opentelemetry_api-1.43.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:107d0d03857ea8fc7c5fcbbbd83f800c281f0d560553d61c1d675fccfd1761c1", size = 73476, upload-time = "2026-06-24T15:19:55.323Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/17/83/6dba32b85f31868400440dc7ad2ca1eab94cbbf3a7b0459ed39f8311a9e2/opentelemetry_api-1.43.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:20acf45e9b21851926835292e4045d290acade1edd2ff3de86d2f069687ba1fd", size = 61912, upload-time = "2026-06-24T15:19:35.434Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-common"
+version = "1.43.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "opentelemetry-proto" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/55/c1/e8098490ab15abf116dcaf9fa89ededcb35547c7d08d4b5a62f573dc1e63/opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_proto_common-1.43.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c4e32ba6d6b13bdb2b8f6764c4fd28d00192826561aa04f6d14eedfce7ac076f", size = 20197, upload-time = "2026-06-24T15:20:00.247Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/b2/41ebc74ae1d5859901f1b69305de58724bf043381103d6ef413521cbc35a/opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_proto_common-1.43.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:123c3f9cc87218562490c63b36f497bf3a722faf174a515d1443f31ababa6264", size = 17048, upload-time = "2026-06-24T15:19:41.264Z" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-http"
+version = "1.43.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "googleapis-common-protos" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-api" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-common" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-proto" },
+    { name = "opentelemetry-sdk" },
+    { name = "requests" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fc/92/0b9f56412483a8891d4843890294796c9df8ab42417bd9bad8035d840cb3/opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_proto_http-1.43.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fa8a42bb7d00ee5391f4c0b04d8e6a46c03caa437903296ab73a81dc11ba118f", size = 25406, upload-time = "2026-06-24T15:20:01.515Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b3/20/b685ed7af2e17c29ffc8af56f1fa8bc2033258fc30fb0d2b722f49d13ba0/opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_proto_http-1.43.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:647f603aa8efdbdb4dbff842e0729d0406a6fff26b295a72d3d60e7d963b2610", size = 21795, upload-time = "2026-06-24T15:19:43.164Z" },
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