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Toh4iem9
60 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
60 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
# Williams' Percent Range (WPR) Professional
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## 1. Summary (Introduction)
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Williams' Percent Range (%R), developed by Larry Williams, is a momentum oscillator that identifies overbought and oversold conditions. It is mathematically the inverse of the **Fast Stochastic Oscillator's %K line**, plotted on a negative scale from -100 to 0.
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Our `WPR_Pro` implementation is a unified, professional version that not only allows the calculation to be based on either **standard** or **Heikin Ashi** price data, but also includes an optional, fully customizable **signal line**, effectively mirroring the functionality of a full Fast Stochastic oscillator on the WPR's scale.
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## 2. Mathematical Foundations and Calculation Logic
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The %R formula compares the current close to the recent high-low range.
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### Required Components
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* **Period (N):** The lookback period for the calculation (e.g., 14).
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* **Price Data:** The `High`, `Low`, and `Close` of each bar.
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### Calculation Steps (Algorithm)
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1. **Find the Highest High and Lowest Low:** For each bar, determine the highest high and lowest low over the last `N` periods.
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2. **Calculate the Williams %R:** Apply the main formula.
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$\text{\%R}_i = -100 \times \frac{\text{Highest High}_N - \text{Close}_i}{\text{Highest High}_N - \text{Lowest Low}_N}$
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This is mathematically equivalent to: $\text{\%R}_i = \text{Fast \%K}_i - 100$.
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## 3. MQL5 Implementation Details
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Our MQL5 implementation is a prime example of our "Pragmatic Reusability" principle, built as an intelligent "adapter" on top of our existing engines.
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* **Composition Pattern:** The `WPR_Calculator` orchestrates two powerful engines:
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1. **Stochastic Engine:** It reuses the `StochasticFast_Calculator.mqh` to compute the raw %K value, which is then transformed into %R. This eliminates code duplication and guarantees consistency.
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2. **MA Engine:** It uses the `MovingAverage_Engine.mqh` to calculate the optional signal line. This allows for advanced smoothing methods beyond standard MAs.
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* **Optimized Incremental Calculation (O(1)):**
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Unlike basic implementations that recalculate the entire history on every tick, this indicator employs an intelligent incremental algorithm.
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* **State Tracking:** It utilizes `prev_calculated` to process only new bars.
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* **Persistent Buffers:** Internal buffers persist their state between ticks.
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* **Efficiency:** By reusing the optimized engines, the WPR inherits their high performance and zero-lag updates.
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* **Object-Oriented Logic:**
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* The Heikin Ashi version is achieved simply by instructing the main calculator to instantiate the Heikin Ashi version of the Stochastic module.
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## 4. Parameters
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* **WPR Period (`InpWPRPeriod`):** The lookback period for the indicator. (Default: `14`).
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* **Candle Source (`InpCandleSource`):** Allows the user to select the candle type for the calculation (`Standard` or `Heikin Ashi`).
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* **Display Mode (`InpDisplayMode`):** Toggles the visibility of the signal line.
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* **Signal Line Settings:**
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* `InpSignalPeriod`: The lookback period for the signal line.
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* `InpSignalMAType`: The type of moving average for the signal line. Supports: **SMA, EMA, SMMA, LWMA, TMA, DEMA, TEMA**.
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## 5. Usage and Interpretation
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* **Overbought/Oversold Levels:**
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* **Overbought:** Readings between **0 and -20**.
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* **Oversold:** Readings between **-80 and -100**.
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* **Divergence:** Look for divergences between the %R and the price action.
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* **Momentum Failure:** A common signal is when the %R enters the overbought zone, pulls back, and then fails to re-enter it on a subsequent price rally.
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* **Caution:** Like all oscillators, %R can remain in overbought or oversold territory for extended periods during a strong trend.
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