`Psar::is_ready` previously returned `self.initialised`, which flips to
`true` *after* the seed candle — but the seed candle itself returns
`None`. The contract every other indicator honours is
`is_ready() == true` ↔ "the most recent update produced (or could
produce) a real value". Streaming consumers writing
`if ind.is_ready() { use(ind.update(c)?) }` would hit an unexpected
`None` on the first post-seed update.
Fix: add a `has_emitted: bool` field that flips on the first
`Some(sar)` return; `is_ready` now reads that. New test
`is_ready_only_after_first_some_value` pins the contract.
While in the same file, `reset()` is corrected to restore the compute
fields (`prev_high`, `prev_low`, `sar`, `ep`) to `f64::NAN` sentinels
instead of `0.0` (Opus bonus finding). The fields are gated by
`initialised` today, so the `0.0` sentinel never leaked into output —
but a future refactor that read them pre-init would have silently
treated `0.0` as a real price. A `debug_assert!` at the read site makes
the invariant explicit and catches a re-introduction of the bug in
debug builds.
Bit-equivalence with the previous behaviour is preserved
(`reset_allows_clean_reuse` and `batch_equals_streaming` continue to
pass unchanged).
`UlcerIndex::update` previously scanned the full `period`-window every
tick via `prices.iter().fold(NEG_INFINITY, f64::max)`, breaking the
`Indicator` trait's O(1) contract. For long windows (e.g. period 50+ on
a live tick stream) this turned a constant-time update into an O(period)
one, and full-history batch replays into O(n · period).
The window of raw prices is replaced with a monotonically-decreasing
deque of `(index, price)` pairs. On every push, all back entries
`<= input` are popped (they can never be the trailing max again, since
they are dominated and at least as old). On every step, the front is
popped if its index is older than `count - period + 1`. The deque's
front is therefore always the trailing max in O(1). `count: u64` is the
1-based input counter that drives expiration; on `reset()` it returns
to zero alongside the deque and the drawdown state.
Behaviour is unchanged: same per-tick values, same warmup
(`2 * period - 1`), same non-finite-input semantics. A new test
`monotone_deque_matches_naive_max_on_adversarial_inputs` compares the
deque output bar-by-bar against an independent O(n) trailing-max scan on
inputs designed to hit every code path: strictly increasing (full tail
pops), strictly decreasing (head expirations only), constants (the
`<= input` pop rule keeps a single newest entry), and a sawtooth.
The doc comment on `warmup_period()` is also corrected (B-Opus-2): the
two windows overlap by one bar, so the formula is `2 * period - 1`, not
`2 * period`.
The three Rust examples (backtest, fetch_btcusdt, live_binance) used to
live each in their own crate's examples/ dir, splitting the example set
across crates and burying it inside the source tree. Move them into a new
workspace member crate at `examples/rust/` (package `wickra-examples`,
`publish = false`) so all language examples sit under one top-level
`examples/<lang>/` tree.
* `examples/rust/Cargo.toml` declares the per-binary deps (wickra,
wickra-data with the `live-binance` feature always on, serde_json, tokio
for the macro and current-thread runtime).
* `examples/rust/src/bin/{backtest,fetch_btcusdt,live_binance}.rs` are the
three migrated binaries; their doc-comments and the fetch_btcusdt output
path are updated for the new location and run command
(`cargo run -p wickra-examples --bin <name>`).
* Workspace `Cargo.toml` lists the new member; the now-empty
`[dev-dependencies]` extras (`wickra`, `tokio` in wickra-data and
`serde_json` in wickra) that existed only for these examples are dropped.
* The `[[example]] live_binance` table is removed from wickra-data's
manifest since the file moved out.
* README "Languages" + project-layout, examples/README.md, Quickstart-Rust
and Data-Layer are pointed at the new paths and commands.
`cargo build -p wickra-examples` and `cargo run --release -p wickra-examples
--bin backtest -- examples/data/btcusdt-1d.csv` both succeed; the rest of
the workspace (core, data, wickra) builds, clippies (`--all-targets -D
warnings`) and tests (508 core + 28 data + 1 integration + 74+3+1
doctests) all stay green.
The seven BTCUSDT OHLCV datasets used to live under
crates/wickra/examples/data/, which buried them inside a Rust crate even
though the Node backtest example and the upcoming Rust/Node/WASM example
restructure need to reach them too. Move them to the workspace-level
examples/data/ so every language's examples can resolve the same path.
The bench (crates/wickra/benches/indicators.rs), the example_data
integration test, fetch_btcusdt.rs and the Node backtest example all take
the new ../../examples/data/ path; Data-Layer.md, examples/README.md and
the CHANGELOG entry are updated to match. No data file content changes.
Timeframe gained new/millis/seconds/one_minute_ms; add minutes, hours and
days alongside them. Each builds on seconds (minutes(5) -> a 300-second
bucket), consistent with Timeframe::seconds, and guards the multiplication
with checked_mul so an oversized n yields Error::InvalidTimeframe instead
of an overflow panic. A non-positive n is rejected by Timeframe::new.
Each method carries a runnable doctest, and unit tests cover the known
bucket sizes, non-positive rejection and overflow rejection.
Add seven OHLCV datasets under crates/wickra/examples/data/, one per
timeframe (1m/5m/15m/1h/12h/1d/1month), holding real BTCUSDT spot klines
fetched from the Binance REST API. The new fetch_btcusdt example
regenerates them: it paginates the klines endpoint through the system
curl, parses with serde_json, validates every candle via Candle::new and
keeps only fully closed buckets.
The indicator benchmarks now run against the 1m dataset instead of a
synthetic series, and a new example_data integration test checks that
every file parses and carries evenly spaced, monotonic timestamps.
The monthly file is named btcusdt-1month.csv rather than btcusdt-1M.csv
so it does not collide with btcusdt-1m.csv on case-insensitive
filesystems (Windows, default macOS).
Second half of the eight indicators that fill out the new family taxonomy.
- Rust core: true_range.rs (TrueRange — the raw single-bar volatility ATR
averages), chaikin_volatility.rs (ChaikinVolatility — rate of change of a
smoothed high-low spread), z_score.rs (ZScore — price normalised against
its rolling mean and standard deviation) and linreg_angle.rs (LinRegAngle
— the rolling regression slope as a degree angle). Each with a full
Indicator impl, runnable doctest and reference / property / warmup /
reset / batch==streaming tests.
- Python / Node / WASM: classes wired through all three bindings (ZScore
and LinRegAngle ride the scalar macros where possible) plus .pyi stubs
and __init__.py / __all__ entries.
- Wiki: four new Indicator-*.md pages.
The eight-family taxonomy restructure (Overview / Home / README / folder
layout) lands next in F13c.
cargo fmt + clippy (core/wickra/data/wasm/node) clean; 508 core tests,
25 data tests and 74 doctests green.
First half of the eight indicators that fill out the new family taxonomy.
- Rust core: accelerator_oscillator.rs (AcceleratorOscillator — AO minus a
short SMA of itself), balance_of_power.rs (BalanceOfPower — per-bar
(close-open)/(high-low)), choppiness_index.rs (ChoppinessIndex — summed
true range over the high-low span, log-scaled) and
vertical_horizontal_filter.rs (VerticalHorizontalFilter — net move over
total move). Each with a full Indicator impl, runnable doctest and
reference / property / warmup / reset / batch==streaming tests.
- Python / Node / WASM: classes wired through all three bindings
(BalanceOfPower carries an explicit open column; VHF rides the scalar
macros) plus .pyi stubs and __init__.py / __all__ entries.
- Wiki: four new Indicator-*.md pages.
The eight-family taxonomy restructure (Overview / Home / README / folder
layout) lands in F13c once F13b's four indicators are in.
cargo fmt + clippy (core/wickra/data/wasm/node) clean; 481 core tests,
25 data tests and 70 doctests green.
- Rust core: cmf.rs (Chaikin Money Flow — summed money-flow volume over
summed volume, bounded to [-1, +1]), chaikin_oscillator.rs (Chaikin
Oscillator — the MACD of the ADL, EMA(ADL, fast) - EMA(ADL, slow)),
force_index.rs (Elder's Force Index — EMA of price change scaled by
volume), ease_of_movement.rs (Arms' Ease of Movement — SMA of distance
travelled per unit of volume). Each with a full Indicator impl,
runnable doctest and reference / property / warmup / reset /
batch==streaming tests.
- Python: PyChaikinMoneyFlow / PyChaikinOscillator / PyForceIndex /
PyEaseOfMovement PyO3 classes + module registration + .pyi stubs.
- Node: explicit ChaikinMoneyFlowNode / ChaikinOscillatorNode /
ForceIndexNode / EaseOfMovementNode; index.d.ts and index.js updated.
- WASM: WasmChaikinMoneyFlow / WasmChaikinOscillator / WasmForceIndex /
WasmEaseOfMovement.
- Wiki: Indicator-ChaikinMoneyFlow/ChaikinOscillator/ForceIndex/
EaseOfMovement.md plus a new "Oscillators" sub-table in
Indicators-Overview.md and entries in Home.md.
cargo fmt + clippy (core/wickra/data/wasm/node) clean; 402 core tests,
25 data tests and 57 doctests green.
Completes the F9 family (Cumulative volume) end to end:
- Rust core: adl.rs (Accumulation/Distribution Line — cumulative
range-weighted volume) and vpt.rs (Volume-Price Trend — cumulative
volume scaled by percentage price change). Each with a full Indicator
impl, runnable doctest and reference / cumulative-property / warmup /
reset / batch==streaming tests.
- Python: PyAdl / PyVolumePriceTrend PyO3 classes + module registration
+ .pyi stubs (no parameters, like OBV/VWAP).
- Node: explicit AdlNode and VolumePriceTrendNode; index.d.ts and
index.js updated.
- WASM: WasmAdl and WasmVolumePriceTrend.
- Wiki: Indicator-Adl.md and Indicator-VolumePriceTrend.md plus rows in
Indicators-Overview.md and entries in Home.md.
cargo fmt + clippy (core/wickra/data/wasm/node) clean; 373 core tests,
25 data tests and 53 doctests green.
Completes the F7 family (Volatility) end to end:
- Rust core: natr.rs (ATR as a percentage of close), std_dev.rs
(rolling population standard deviation), ulcer_index.rs (RMS of
trailing-high drawdowns — downside-only risk), historical_volatility.rs
(annualised sample stddev of log returns). Each with a full Indicator
impl, runnable doctest and reference / constant-series / warmup /
reset / batch==streaming tests.
- Python: PyNatr / PyStdDev / PyUlcerIndex / PyHistoricalVolatility
PyO3 classes + module registration + .pyi stubs.
- Node: StdDevNode / UlcerIndexNode via the scalar macro, explicit
NatrNode and HistoricalVolatilityNode; index.d.ts and index.js updated.
- WASM: WasmStdDev / WasmUlcerIndex / WasmHistoricalVolatility via the
scalar macro, explicit WasmNatr.
- Wiki: Indicator-Natr/StdDev/UlcerIndex/HistoricalVolatility.md plus
rows in Indicators-Overview.md and entries in Home.md.
cargo fmt + clippy (core/wickra/data/wasm/node) clean; 350 core tests,
25 data tests and 49 doctests green.
Completes the F5 family (Price oscillators) end to end:
- Rust core: ppo.rs (Percentage Price Oscillator — MACD as a percentage
of the slow EMA), dpo.rs (Detrended Price Oscillator — shifted price
minus its SMA), coppock.rs (Coppock Curve — WMA of two summed ROCs).
Each with a full Indicator impl, runnable doctest and reference /
constant-series / warmup / reset / batch==streaming / non-finite tests.
- Python: PyPpo / PyDpo / PyCoppock PyO3 classes + module registration
+ .pyi stubs (defaults PPO=(12,26), DPO=20, Coppock=(14,11,10)).
- Node: DpoNode via the scalar macro, explicit PpoNode and CoppockNode;
index.d.ts and index.js updated.
- WASM: WasmDpo / WasmPpo / WasmCoppock via the scalar macro.
- Wiki: Indicator-Ppo/Dpo/Coppock.md plus rows in Indicators-Overview.md
and entries in Home.md.
cargo fmt + clippy (core/wickra/data/wasm/node) clean; 300 core tests,
25 data tests and 42 doctests green.
Completes the F4 family (Stochastic oscillators) end to end:
- Rust core: stoch_rsi.rs (Stochastic Oscillator applied to the RSI
series, bounded [0,100]) and ultimate_oscillator.rs (Larry Williams'
weighted three-timeframe buying-pressure oscillator). Each with a full
Indicator impl, runnable doctest and reference / saturation / bounds /
warmup / reset / batch==streaming tests.
- Python: PyStochRsi / PyUltimateOscillator PyO3 classes + module
registration + .pyi stubs (defaults StochRSI=(14,14), UO=(7,14,28)).
- Node: explicit StochRsiNode and UltimateOscillatorNode; index.d.ts
and index.js updated.
- WASM: WasmStochRsi via the scalar macro, explicit
WasmUltimateOscillator.
- Wiki: Indicator-StochRsi.md and Indicator-UltimateOscillator.md plus
rows in Indicators-Overview.md and entries in Home.md.
cargo fmt + clippy (core/wickra/data/wasm/node) clean; 278 core tests,
25 data tests and 39 doctests green.
Completes the F2 family (Advanced MAs) end to end:
- Rust core: zlema.rs (Zero-Lag EMA over the de-lagged series
2·price − price[lag]), t3.rs (Tillson's six-EMA cascade with the
volume-factor polynomial), vwma.rs (volume-weighted rolling mean with
a zero-volume fallback to the unweighted mean). Each with a full
Indicator impl, runnable doctest and reference-value / warmup /
reset / batch==streaming / non-finite tests.
- Python: PyZlema / PyT3 / PyVwma PyO3 classes + module registration
+ .pyi stubs (T3 defaults v=0.7).
- Node: ZlemaNode via the scalar macro, explicit T3Node and VwmaNode
classes; index.d.ts and index.js updated.
- WASM: WasmZlema / WasmT3 via the scalar macro, explicit WasmVwma.
- Wiki: Indicator-Zlema.md, Indicator-T3.md, Indicator-Vwma.md plus
rows in Indicators-Overview.md and entries in Home.md.
cargo fmt + clippy (core/wickra/data/wasm/node) clean; 232 core tests,
25 data tests and 33 doctests green.
First step of the indicator-family expansion (see the F section of
todo-detailed.md). Family F1 — Simple & Weighted MAs — gains two
members alongside the existing Sma/Ema/Wma:
- Smma — Wilder's smoothed moving average (RMA): SMA-seeded, then the
(prev*(n-1)+x)/n recurrence. The average underlying RSI and ATR.
- Trima — triangular moving average: two stacked SMAs (n1/n2 split by
parity) that triangular-weight the window. Genuine stacking — the
outer SMA consumes the inner SMA's output.
Both implement the full Indicator trait with reference-value, warmup,
reset, batch==streaming and non-finite-input tests, a runnable doctest,
and are re-exported from the crate root. 208 core tests + 30 doctests
pass; clippy and fmt clean.
Only two doctests existed in wickra-core; none of the 25 indicator
types carried a runnable rustdoc example.
Add an "# Example" doctest to every public indicator type (all 26,
including RollingVwap): construct the indicator and stream 80 inputs
through update, asserting a value is produced. The candle-input
indicators build valid OHLCV candles inline. cargo test --doc
-p wickra-core now runs 28 doctests, all passing; fmt and clippy clean.
The three published crates had no documentation link and no docs.rs
configuration, so wickra-data's feature-gated live-binance module would
not render on docs.rs.
Add documentation = "https://docs.rs/<crate>" and a
[package.metadata.docs.rs] section with all-features = true to
wickra-core, wickra, and wickra-data. No `exclude` is added: each crate
directory contains only src/ (plus benches/examples that are useful
source), so there is nothing irrelevant to drop from the .crate.
OpenBar::into_candle and RolledBar::into_candle built their result with
Candle::new_unchecked, skipping the finiteness check. volume is summed
across every absorbed tick/candle, so a long or large run can drift it
to +inf — and an inf-volume candle would silently poison every
downstream indicator.
Switch both to Candle::new, which validates volume finiteness, and
return Result<Candle>. The OHLC fields are finite and correctly ordered
by construction, so the only invariant Candle::new can reject here is a
non-finite volume. push propagates the error with `?`; both flush
methods now return Result<Option<Candle>> and resample_all pulls the
result through.
push rejected ticks that went backwards across buckets but absorbed any
tick whose timestamp fell inside the open bucket — including one older
than the last tick already absorbed. Such a stale tick silently
overwrote the bar's close with an outdated price.
Track last_ts on OpenBar (set in from_tick, advanced in absorb) and, on
the same-bucket path, reject a tick whose timestamp predates it with
Error::Malformed, leaving the open bar untouched. Ticks that share a
timestamp are still accepted, since several trades can land in the same
millisecond.
Timeframe::floor computed `ts - ts.rem_euclid(bucket)`. For a timestamp
within one bucket of i64::MIN the subtrahend is a positive remainder
and the true boundary lies below i64::MIN, so the subtraction overflowed
and panicked in debug builds.
Switch to saturating_sub: the result clamps to i64::MIN in that
practically unreachable case and stays exact everywhere else. floor
keeps its infallible `-> i64` signature, so neither push path changes.
The CSV reader set has_headers(true) with no trimming and no header
check, so three real-world inputs failed silently or opaquely:
- A file with no header row had its first data row consumed as the
header and silently dropped.
- A leading UTF-8 BOM (Excel exports it) became part of the first
header name, breaking the `timestamp` column mapping.
- Leading/trailing whitespace around values broke serde parsing.
Add a BomStripReader<R> Read adapter that discards a leading EF BB BF,
set csv::Trim::All on the builder, and validate after opening that the
header names every required OHLCV column — a missing column now yields
a clear Error::Malformed instead of a silent misread. open/from_reader
route through a shared build() helper; from_reader and from_csv_reader
now return Result because header validation can fail.
A tick that jumped across one or more empty buckets previously opened
the next non-empty bar directly, so the candle series silently grew
time holes — downstream indicators (EMA, ATR, ...) computed over such a
series drift from one computed over an unbroken series.
Add an opt-in gap-fill mode: with_gap_fill(true) makes push emit a flat
placeholder candle (open == high == low == close = the pre-gap close,
volume = 0) for every skipped bucket. push now returns Result<Vec<Candle>>
so a single tick can yield the closed bar plus its trailing fillers;
the empty vector replaces the former Ok(None). Timestamp overflow while
filling is reported as Error::Malformed. Default behaviour is unchanged
(gaps skipped) and is now documented on the type and on push.
Resampler::push previously closed the open bar and opened a new one for
any candle whose bucket differed from the open bar, including buckets
strictly before it — silently corrupting the output for out-of-order
input. TickAggregator::push already rejects this case with an error.
Change push to return Result<Option<Candle>>: candles in an earlier
bucket than the open bar now yield Error::Malformed, matching the
aggregator. resample_all propagates the error via `?`. The doc comment
keeps the input/output multiple relationship as a documented caller
responsibility, since Resampler does not know the input timeframe.
A 24-hour forced disconnect or a network blip permanently killed the
feed: next_event returned Ok(None)/Err and the stream was dead. The
struct now retains the subscribed symbols, an open() helper rebuilds the
socket, and reconnect() retries with exponential backoff (1s..30s, up to
MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS). next_event transparently reconnects on a
protocol error, a server close or a read stall, and only reports Ok(None)
after the caller has closed the stream. close() now takes &mut self.
connect() used connect_async with no WebSocketConfig and next_event
awaited the socket with no deadline, so a stalled server hung the feed
forever and an oversized message could force an unbounded allocation.
connect() now passes a WebSocketConfig capping message/frame size, and
next_event wraps the read in a 300s tokio timeout (well above Binance's
~3-minute ping), surfacing a stall as the new Error::Timeout.
BinanceKlineStream had no closed-state flag, so after the server closed
the connection (Ok(None)) a caller could keep calling next_event and
poll a dead socket. A closed: bool is now set when the server closes or
sends a Close frame; next_event short-circuits to Ok(None) once set, and
is_closed() exposes the state.
next_event deserialized every text frame straight into RawWsEnvelope, so
a subscription acknowledgement, heartbeat or error object propagated a
decode Err and killed the feed. Frames are now routed through
parse_frame, which inspects data.e: kline frames yield an event,
everything else is skipped, and an Err is raised only when a genuine
kline frame fails to decode. Adds tests for skipped acks/errors.
Normalises whitespace in sources committed earlier in this branch
before rustfmt was run over them (Node/WASM bindings, and three core
indicator test modules), and records the wasm-bindgen-test dependency
tree added in B6 into Cargo.lock. No functional change; cargo fmt --all
--check is now clean.
Keltner::update gated atr.update behind ema.update(...)? and Hma::update
gated full_wma.update behind half_wma.update(...)?. The ? short-circuit
starved the trailing sibling of every candle consumed during the leading
one's warmup, so warmup_period() understated the true first emission
(Keltner classic: 29 instead of 20; HMA(9): 14 instead of 11) and
Keltner's ATR seeded over the wrong window.
Both now feed every sub-indicator unconditionally and gate only the
output, matching the MACD / Awesome Oscillator pattern. warmup_period()
is now exact. Adds first-emission tests and cross-checks against
independent EMA+ATR (Keltner) and independent WMAs (HMA).
ROC now stores its last emitted value and returns it on a non-finite
input instead of None, leaving the window untouched. This matches the
SMA / EMA convention. reset() clears the new field. Adds a
non-finite-input test.
Adds the reset tests the audit named as missing (aroon, awesome
oscillator, donchian, keltner, williams_r, and both VWAP variants),
non-finite-input tests for every scalar indicator that guards is_finite
(WMA, RSI, MACD, Bollinger, KAMA), and naive-reference proptests for EMA,
RSI and ATR. 189 core tests pass.
reset() now restores prev_high, prev_low and trend in addition to the
previously reset fields, keeping the struct fully consistent for
inspection. The misleading inline comment that claimed direction-dependent
seeding is corrected to describe the actual fixed-Up seed, which
self-corrects through PSAR's reversal logic. Adds a reset-reuse test.
The first candle now only seeds the previous typical price instead of
pushing a fabricated (0,0) money-flow pair into the window, matching the
TA-Lib / pandas-ta convention. warmup_period() returns period + 1 and the
dead prev_tp.is_none() guard is removed. Adds a first-emission test and a
hand-computed reference-value test (MFI(2) = 1200/23).
The previous `[[example]] path = "../../examples/rust/..."` entries
pointed at files outside the crate root. cargo only packages files
inside the crate directory, so the examples would have been silently
dropped on publish. Moving them to crates/wickra/examples/ and
crates/wickra-data/examples/ keeps them as part of the published
package and lets cargo discover them automatically (no [[example]]
override needed). README and project-layout section updated.
A multi-language technical analysis library: 25 indicators across trend,
momentum, volatility, and volume families, every one a state machine with
O(1) per-tick updates. Batch evaluation is provided by a blanket extension
trait over the streaming primitive, so live trading bots and historical
backtests run the same code path.
What ships in this initial drop:
crates/wickra-core - 25 indicators, Indicator/BatchExt/Chain traits,
OHLCV types with validation; 171 unit tests,
property tests, Wilder/Bollinger textbook tests.
crates/wickra - top-level facade + criterion benches for every
indicator at 1K/10K/100K series sizes.
crates/wickra-data - streaming CSV reader, tick-to-candle aggregator,
multi-timeframe resampler, Binance Spot kline
WebSocket adapter behind feature live-binance;
11 unit + 1 doctest.
bindings/python - PyO3 + maturin, NumPy I/O, type stubs (.pyi),
56 pytest tests including streaming==batch
equivalence, Wilder reference values, lifecycle.
bindings/node - napi-rs native module, TypeScript .d.ts
auto-generated, 7 node --test cases.
bindings/wasm - wasm-bindgen ES module for browser/bundler/Node;
interactive HTML demo at examples/index.html.
examples/ - Python and Rust scripts: backtest, live trading,
parallel multi-asset, multi-timeframe, Binance.
benchmarks/ - cross-library comparison against TA-Lib,
pandas-ta, finta, talipp; Wickra wins every
category by 11-1030x (batch) and 17x+ streaming.
.github/workflows/ - CI matrix (Rust + Python + Node + WASM on
Linux/macOS/Windows), release pipeline for
PyPI wheels and npm.
Indicators (25):
Trend SMA EMA WMA DEMA TEMA HMA KAMA
Momentum RSI MACD Stochastic CCI ROC WilliamsR ADX MFI TRIX
AwesomeOscillator Aroon
Volatility BollingerBands ATR Keltner Donchian PSAR
Volume OBV VWAP (cumulative + rolling)
cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -D warnings is clean. License: Apache-2.0.
kingchenc