diff --git a/bindings/node/index.js b/bindings/node/index.js
index 64702bbb..a8048aed 100644
--- a/bindings/node/index.js
+++ b/bindings/node/index.js
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ if (!nativeBinding) {
   throw new Error(`Failed to load native binding`)
 }
 
-const { version, SMA, EMA, WMA, RSI, DEMA, TEMA, HMA, ROC, TRIX, SMMA, TRIMA, ZLEMA, MOM, CMO, DPO, StdDev, UlcerIndex, VerticalHorizontalFilter, MACD, BollingerBands, ATR, Stochastic, OBV, ADX, CCI, WilliamsR, MFI, PSAR, Keltner, Donchian, VWAP, AwesomeOscillator, Aroon, KAMA, T3, TSI, PMO, ADL, VolumePriceTrend, ChaikinMoneyFlow, ChaikinOscillator, ForceIndex, EaseOfMovement, SuperTrend, ChandelierExit, ChandeKrollStop, AtrTrailingStop, TypicalPrice, MedianPrice, WeightedClose, LinearRegression, LinRegSlope, AcceleratorOscillator, BalanceOfPower, ChoppinessIndex, BollingerBandwidth, PercentB, NATR, HistoricalVolatility, AroonOscillator, Vortex, MassIndex, StochRSI, UltimateOscillator, PPO, Coppock, VWMA } = nativeBinding
+const { version, SMA, EMA, WMA, RSI, DEMA, TEMA, HMA, ROC, TRIX, SMMA, TRIMA, ZLEMA, MOM, CMO, DPO, StdDev, UlcerIndex, VerticalHorizontalFilter, ZScore, MACD, BollingerBands, ATR, Stochastic, OBV, ADX, CCI, WilliamsR, MFI, PSAR, Keltner, Donchian, VWAP, AwesomeOscillator, Aroon, KAMA, T3, TSI, PMO, ADL, VolumePriceTrend, ChaikinMoneyFlow, ChaikinOscillator, ForceIndex, EaseOfMovement, SuperTrend, ChandelierExit, ChandeKrollStop, AtrTrailingStop, TypicalPrice, MedianPrice, WeightedClose, LinearRegression, LinRegSlope, AcceleratorOscillator, BalanceOfPower, ChoppinessIndex, TrueRange, ChaikinVolatility, LinRegAngle, BollingerBandwidth, PercentB, NATR, HistoricalVolatility, AroonOscillator, Vortex, MassIndex, StochRSI, UltimateOscillator, PPO, Coppock, VWMA } = nativeBinding
 
 module.exports.version = version
 module.exports.SMA = SMA
@@ -331,6 +331,7 @@ module.exports.DPO = DPO
 module.exports.StdDev = StdDev
 module.exports.UlcerIndex = UlcerIndex
 module.exports.VerticalHorizontalFilter = VerticalHorizontalFilter
+module.exports.ZScore = ZScore
 module.exports.MACD = MACD
 module.exports.BollingerBands = BollingerBands
 module.exports.ATR = ATR
@@ -368,6 +369,9 @@ module.exports.LinRegSlope = LinRegSlope
 module.exports.AcceleratorOscillator = AcceleratorOscillator
 module.exports.BalanceOfPower = BalanceOfPower
 module.exports.ChoppinessIndex = ChoppinessIndex
+module.exports.TrueRange = TrueRange
+module.exports.ChaikinVolatility = ChaikinVolatility
+module.exports.LinRegAngle = LinRegAngle
 module.exports.BollingerBandwidth = BollingerBandwidth
 module.exports.PercentB = PercentB
 module.exports.NATR = NATR
diff --git a/bindings/node/src/lib.rs b/bindings/node/src/lib.rs
index a905c674..c4987474 100644
--- a/bindings/node/src/lib.rs
+++ b/bindings/node/src/lib.rs
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ node_scalar_indicator!(
     "VerticalHorizontalFilter",
     wc::VerticalHorizontalFilter
 );
+node_scalar_indicator!(ZScoreNode, "ZScore", wc::ZScore);
 
 // ============================== MACD ==============================
 
@@ -2216,6 +2217,155 @@ impl ChoppinessIndexNode {
     }
 }
 
+// ============================== True Range ==============================
+
+#[napi(js_name = "TrueRange")]
+pub struct TrueRangeNode {
+    inner: wc::TrueRange,
+}
+
+impl Default for TrueRangeNode {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+#[napi]
+impl TrueRangeNode {
+    #[napi(constructor)]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: wc::TrueRange::new(),
+        }
+    }
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn update(&mut self, high: f64, low: f64, close: f64) -> napi::Result<Option<f64>> {
+        Ok(self.inner.update(cnd(high, low, close, 0.0)?))
+    }
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn batch(
+        &mut self,
+        high: Vec<f64>,
+        low: Vec<f64>,
+        close: Vec<f64>,
+    ) -> napi::Result<Vec<f64>> {
+        if high.len() != low.len() || low.len() != close.len() {
+            return Err(NapiError::from_reason(
+                "high, low, close must be equal length".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(high.len());
+        for i in 0..high.len() {
+            out.push(
+                self.inner
+                    .update(cnd(high[i], low[i], close[i], 0.0)?)
+                    .unwrap_or(f64::NAN),
+            );
+        }
+        Ok(out)
+    }
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.reset();
+    }
+    #[napi(js_name = "isReady")]
+    pub fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.is_ready()
+    }
+    #[napi(js_name = "warmupPeriod")]
+    pub fn warmup_period(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.warmup_period() as u32
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================== Chaikin Volatility ==============================
+
+#[napi(js_name = "ChaikinVolatility")]
+pub struct ChaikinVolatilityNode {
+    inner: wc::ChaikinVolatility,
+}
+
+#[napi]
+impl ChaikinVolatilityNode {
+    #[napi(constructor)]
+    pub fn new(ema_period: u32, roc_period: u32) -> napi::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner: wc::ChaikinVolatility::new(ema_period as usize, roc_period as usize)
+                .map_err(map_err)?,
+        })
+    }
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn update(&mut self, high: f64, low: f64) -> napi::Result<Option<f64>> {
+        Ok(self.inner.update(cnd(high, low, low, 0.0)?))
+    }
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn batch(&mut self, high: Vec<f64>, low: Vec<f64>) -> napi::Result<Vec<f64>> {
+        if high.len() != low.len() {
+            return Err(NapiError::from_reason(
+                "high and low must be equal length".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(high.len());
+        for i in 0..high.len() {
+            out.push(
+                self.inner
+                    .update(cnd(high[i], low[i], low[i], 0.0)?)
+                    .unwrap_or(f64::NAN),
+            );
+        }
+        Ok(out)
+    }
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.reset();
+    }
+    #[napi(js_name = "isReady")]
+    pub fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.is_ready()
+    }
+    #[napi(js_name = "warmupPeriod")]
+    pub fn warmup_period(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.warmup_period() as u32
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================== Linear Regression Angle ==============================
+
+#[napi(js_name = "LinRegAngle")]
+pub struct LinRegAngleNode {
+    inner: wc::LinRegAngle,
+}
+
+#[napi]
+impl LinRegAngleNode {
+    #[napi(constructor)]
+    pub fn new(period: u32) -> napi::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner: wc::LinRegAngle::new(period as usize).map_err(map_err)?,
+        })
+    }
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn update(&mut self, value: f64) -> Option<f64> {
+        self.inner.update(value)
+    }
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn batch(&mut self, prices: Vec<f64>) -> Vec<f64> {
+        flatten(self.inner.batch(&prices))
+    }
+    #[napi]
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.reset();
+    }
+    #[napi(js_name = "isReady")]
+    pub fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.is_ready()
+    }
+    #[napi(js_name = "warmupPeriod")]
+    pub fn warmup_period(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.inner.warmup_period() as u32
+    }
+}
+
 // ============================== Bollinger Bandwidth ==============================
 
 #[napi(js_name = "BollingerBandwidth")]
diff --git a/bindings/python/python/wickra/__init__.py b/bindings/python/python/wickra/__init__.py
index 0b08f7e7..7407f6d3 100644
--- a/bindings/python/python/wickra/__init__.py
+++ b/bindings/python/python/wickra/__init__.py
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ from ._wickra import (
     ChandelierExit,
     ChandeKrollStop,
     AtrTrailingStop,
+    TrueRange,
+    ChaikinVolatility,
     # Volume
     OBV,
     VWAP,
@@ -97,6 +99,8 @@ from ._wickra import (
     WeightedClose,
     LinearRegression,
     LinRegSlope,
+    ZScore,
+    LinRegAngle,
 )
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -158,6 +162,8 @@ __all__ = [
     "ChandelierExit",
     "ChandeKrollStop",
     "AtrTrailingStop",
+    "TrueRange",
+    "ChaikinVolatility",
     # Volume
     "OBV",
     "VWAP",
@@ -173,4 +179,6 @@ __all__ = [
     "WeightedClose",
     "LinearRegression",
     "LinRegSlope",
+    "ZScore",
+    "LinRegAngle",
 ]
diff --git a/bindings/python/python/wickra/__init__.pyi b/bindings/python/python/wickra/__init__.pyi
index 9ecc689b..e260c4fe 100644
--- a/bindings/python/python/wickra/__init__.pyi
+++ b/bindings/python/python/wickra/__init__.pyi
@@ -350,6 +350,53 @@ class VerticalHorizontalFilter:
     @property
     def period(self) -> int: ...
 
+class TrueRange:
+    def __init__(self) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, candle: CandleLike) -> Optional[float]: ...
+    def batch(
+        self,
+        high: NDArray[np.float64],
+        low: NDArray[np.float64],
+        close: NDArray[np.float64],
+    ) -> NDArray[np.float64]: ...
+    def reset(self) -> None: ...
+    def is_ready(self) -> bool: ...
+    def warmup_period(self) -> int: ...
+
+class ChaikinVolatility:
+    def __init__(self, ema_period: int = 10, roc_period: int = 10) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, candle: CandleLike) -> Optional[float]: ...
+    def batch(
+        self,
+        high: NDArray[np.float64],
+        low: NDArray[np.float64],
+    ) -> NDArray[np.float64]: ...
+    def reset(self) -> None: ...
+    def is_ready(self) -> bool: ...
+    def warmup_period(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def periods(self) -> Tuple[int, int]: ...
+
+class ZScore:
+    def __init__(self, period: int = 20) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, value: float) -> Optional[float]: ...
+    def batch(self, prices: NDArray[np.float64]) -> NDArray[np.float64]: ...
+    def reset(self) -> None: ...
+    def is_ready(self) -> bool: ...
+    def warmup_period(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def period(self) -> int: ...
+
+class LinRegAngle:
+    def __init__(self, period: int = 14) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, value: float) -> Optional[float]: ...
+    def batch(self, prices: NDArray[np.float64]) -> NDArray[np.float64]: ...
+    def reset(self) -> None: ...
+    def is_ready(self) -> bool: ...
+    def warmup_period(self) -> int: ...
+    @property
+    def period(self) -> int: ...
+
 class BollingerBandwidth:
     def __init__(self, period: int = 20, multiplier: float = 2.0) -> None: ...
     def update(self, value: float) -> Optional[float]: ...
diff --git a/bindings/python/src/lib.rs b/bindings/python/src/lib.rs
index bea5a364..eb1cc35e 100644
--- a/bindings/python/src/lib.rs
+++ b/bindings/python/src/lib.rs
@@ -4103,6 +4103,228 @@ impl PyVerticalHorizontalFilter {
     }
 }
 
+// ============================== True Range ==============================
+
+#[pyclass(name = "TrueRange", module = "wickra._wickra")]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct PyTrueRange {
+    inner: wc::TrueRange,
+}
+
+#[pymethods]
+impl PyTrueRange {
+    #[new]
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: wc::TrueRange::new(),
+        }
+    }
+    fn update(&mut self, candle: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Option<f64>> {
+        let c = extract_candle(candle)?;
+        Ok(self.inner.update(c))
+    }
+    /// Batch over numpy columns high, low, close (all equal length).
+    fn batch<'py>(
+        &mut self,
+        py: Python<'py>,
+        high: PyReadonlyArray1<'py, f64>,
+        low: PyReadonlyArray1<'py, f64>,
+        close: PyReadonlyArray1<'py, f64>,
+    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyArray1<f64>>> {
+        let h = high
+            .as_slice()
+            .map_err(|_| PyValueError::new_err(NON_CONTIGUOUS))?;
+        let l = low
+            .as_slice()
+            .map_err(|_| PyValueError::new_err(NON_CONTIGUOUS))?;
+        let c = close
+            .as_slice()
+            .map_err(|_| PyValueError::new_err(NON_CONTIGUOUS))?;
+        if h.len() != l.len() || l.len() != c.len() {
+            return Err(PyValueError::new_err(
+                "high, low, close must be equal length",
+            ));
+        }
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(h.len());
+        for i in 0..h.len() {
+            let candle = wc::Candle::new(c[i], h[i], l[i], c[i], 0.0, 0).map_err(map_err)?;
+            out.push(self.inner.update(candle).unwrap_or(f64::NAN));
+        }
+        Ok(out.into_pyarray_bound(py))
+    }
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.reset();
+    }
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.is_ready()
+    }
+    fn warmup_period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.warmup_period()
+    }
+    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+        "TrueRange()".to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================== Chaikin Volatility ==============================
+
+#[pyclass(name = "ChaikinVolatility", module = "wickra._wickra")]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct PyChaikinVolatility {
+    inner: wc::ChaikinVolatility,
+}
+
+#[pymethods]
+impl PyChaikinVolatility {
+    #[new]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (ema_period=10, roc_period=10))]
+    fn new(ema_period: usize, roc_period: usize) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner: wc::ChaikinVolatility::new(ema_period, roc_period).map_err(map_err)?,
+        })
+    }
+    fn update(&mut self, candle: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Option<f64>> {
+        let c = extract_candle(candle)?;
+        Ok(self.inner.update(c))
+    }
+    /// Batch over numpy columns high, low (both equal length).
+    fn batch<'py>(
+        &mut self,
+        py: Python<'py>,
+        high: PyReadonlyArray1<'py, f64>,
+        low: PyReadonlyArray1<'py, f64>,
+    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyArray1<f64>>> {
+        let h = high
+            .as_slice()
+            .map_err(|_| PyValueError::new_err(NON_CONTIGUOUS))?;
+        let l = low
+            .as_slice()
+            .map_err(|_| PyValueError::new_err(NON_CONTIGUOUS))?;
+        if h.len() != l.len() {
+            return Err(PyValueError::new_err("high and low must be equal length"));
+        }
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(h.len());
+        for i in 0..h.len() {
+            let candle = wc::Candle::new(l[i], h[i], l[i], l[i], 0.0, 0).map_err(map_err)?;
+            out.push(self.inner.update(candle).unwrap_or(f64::NAN));
+        }
+        Ok(out.into_pyarray_bound(py))
+    }
+    #[getter]
+    fn periods(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
+        self.inner.periods()
+    }
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.reset();
+    }
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.is_ready()
+    }
+    fn warmup_period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.warmup_period()
+    }
+    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+        let (ema, roc) = self.inner.periods();
+        format!("ChaikinVolatility(ema_period={ema}, roc_period={roc})")
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================== Z-Score ==============================
+
+#[pyclass(name = "ZScore", module = "wickra._wickra")]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct PyZScore {
+    inner: wc::ZScore,
+}
+
+#[pymethods]
+impl PyZScore {
+    #[new]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (period=20))]
+    fn new(period: usize) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner: wc::ZScore::new(period).map_err(map_err)?,
+        })
+    }
+    fn update(&mut self, value: f64) -> Option<f64> {
+        self.inner.update(value)
+    }
+    fn batch<'py>(
+        &mut self,
+        py: Python<'py>,
+        prices: PyReadonlyArray1<'py, f64>,
+    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyArray1<f64>>> {
+        let slice = prices
+            .as_slice()
+            .map_err(|_| PyValueError::new_err(NON_CONTIGUOUS))?;
+        Ok(flatten(self.inner.batch(slice)).into_pyarray_bound(py))
+    }
+    #[getter]
+    fn period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.period()
+    }
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.reset();
+    }
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.is_ready()
+    }
+    fn warmup_period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.warmup_period()
+    }
+    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+        format!("ZScore(period={})", self.inner.period())
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================== Linear Regression Angle ==============================
+
+#[pyclass(name = "LinRegAngle", module = "wickra._wickra")]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct PyLinRegAngle {
+    inner: wc::LinRegAngle,
+}
+
+#[pymethods]
+impl PyLinRegAngle {
+    #[new]
+    #[pyo3(signature = (period=14))]
+    fn new(period: usize) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner: wc::LinRegAngle::new(period).map_err(map_err)?,
+        })
+    }
+    fn update(&mut self, value: f64) -> Option<f64> {
+        self.inner.update(value)
+    }
+    fn batch<'py>(
+        &mut self,
+        py: Python<'py>,
+        prices: PyReadonlyArray1<'py, f64>,
+    ) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyArray1<f64>>> {
+        let slice = prices
+            .as_slice()
+            .map_err(|_| PyValueError::new_err(NON_CONTIGUOUS))?;
+        Ok(flatten(self.inner.batch(slice)).into_pyarray_bound(py))
+    }
+    #[getter]
+    fn period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.period()
+    }
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.reset();
+    }
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.is_ready()
+    }
+    fn warmup_period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.warmup_period()
+    }
+    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+        format!("LinRegAngle(period={})", self.inner.period())
+    }
+}
+
 // ============================== Module ==============================
 
 #[pymodule]
@@ -4175,5 +4397,9 @@ fn _wickra(_py: Python<'_>, m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
     m.add_class::<PyBalanceOfPower>()?;
     m.add_class::<PyChoppinessIndex>()?;
     m.add_class::<PyVerticalHorizontalFilter>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyTrueRange>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyChaikinVolatility>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyZScore>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyLinRegAngle>()?;
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/bindings/wasm/src/lib.rs b/bindings/wasm/src/lib.rs
index 179e7dd9..71dcfae9 100644
--- a/bindings/wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/bindings/wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ wasm_scalar_indicator!(WasmPercentB, "PercentB", wc::PercentB, period: usize, mu
 wasm_scalar_indicator!(WasmLinearRegression, "LinearRegression", wc::LinearRegression, period: usize);
 wasm_scalar_indicator!(WasmLinRegSlope, "LinRegSlope", wc::LinRegSlope, period: usize);
 wasm_scalar_indicator!(WasmVerticalHorizontalFilter, "VerticalHorizontalFilter", wc::VerticalHorizontalFilter, period: usize);
+wasm_scalar_indicator!(WasmZScore, "ZScore", wc::ZScore, period: usize);
+wasm_scalar_indicator!(WasmLinRegAngle, "LinRegAngle", wc::LinRegAngle, period: usize);
 
 // ---------- KAMA (three params) ----------
 
@@ -1100,6 +1102,84 @@ impl WasmChoppinessIndex {
     }
 }
 
+#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = TrueRange)]
+pub struct WasmTrueRange {
+    inner: wc::TrueRange,
+}
+
+impl Default for WasmTrueRange {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen(js_class = TrueRange)]
+impl WasmTrueRange {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    pub fn new() -> WasmTrueRange {
+        Self {
+            inner: wc::TrueRange::new(),
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn update(&mut self, high: f64, low: f64, close: f64) -> Result<Option<f64>, JsError> {
+        let c = make_candle(high, low, close, 0.0)?;
+        Ok(self.inner.update(c))
+    }
+    pub fn batch(
+        &mut self,
+        high: &[f64],
+        low: &[f64],
+        close: &[f64],
+    ) -> Result<Float64Array, JsError> {
+        let n = high.len();
+        if low.len() != n || close.len() != n {
+            return Err(JsError::new("high, low, close must be equal length"));
+        }
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(n);
+        for i in 0..n {
+            let c = make_candle(high[i], low[i], close[i], 0.0)?;
+            out.push(self.inner.update(c).unwrap_or(f64::NAN));
+        }
+        Ok(Float64Array::from(out.as_slice()))
+    }
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.reset();
+    }
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen(js_name = ChaikinVolatility)]
+pub struct WasmChaikinVolatility {
+    inner: wc::ChaikinVolatility,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen(js_class = ChaikinVolatility)]
+impl WasmChaikinVolatility {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    pub fn new(ema_period: usize, roc_period: usize) -> Result<WasmChaikinVolatility, JsError> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            inner: wc::ChaikinVolatility::new(ema_period, roc_period).map_err(map_err)?,
+        })
+    }
+    pub fn update(&mut self, high: f64, low: f64) -> Result<Option<f64>, JsError> {
+        let c = make_candle(high, low, low, 0.0)?;
+        Ok(self.inner.update(c))
+    }
+    pub fn batch(&mut self, high: &[f64], low: &[f64]) -> Result<Float64Array, JsError> {
+        if high.len() != low.len() {
+            return Err(JsError::new("high and low must be equal length"));
+        }
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(high.len());
+        for i in 0..high.len() {
+            let c = make_candle(high[i], low[i], low[i], 0.0)?;
+            out.push(self.inner.update(c).unwrap_or(f64::NAN));
+        }
+        Ok(Float64Array::from(out.as_slice()))
+    }
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.inner.reset();
+    }
+}
+
 #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = NATR)]
 pub struct WasmNatr {
     inner: wc::Natr,
diff --git a/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/chaikin_volatility.rs b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/chaikin_volatility.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..419852cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/chaikin_volatility.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+//! Chaikin Volatility.
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::indicators::ema::Ema;
+use crate::indicators::roc::Roc;
+use crate::ohlcv::Candle;
+use crate::traits::Indicator;
+
+/// Chaikin Volatility — the rate of change of a smoothed high-low spread.
+///
+/// ```text
+/// spread_t   = high_t − low_t
+/// smoothed_t = EMA(spread, ema_period)_t
+/// ChaikinVol = 100 · (smoothed_t − smoothed_{t−roc_period}) / smoothed_{t−roc_period}
+/// ```
+///
+/// Marc Chaikin's volatility measure tracks not the *level* of the trading
+/// range but how fast it is *widening or narrowing*. A rising value means
+/// ranges are expanding (often near a top, as fear spikes); a falling value
+/// means they are contracting (often a quiet, complacent market). The classic
+/// configuration smooths the spread with a `10`-period EMA and takes its
+/// `10`-period rate of change.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use wickra_core::{Candle, Indicator, ChaikinVolatility};
+///
+/// let mut indicator = ChaikinVolatility::new(10, 10).unwrap();
+/// let mut last = None;
+/// for i in 0..80 {
+///     let base = 100.0 + f64::from(i);
+///     let candle =
+///         Candle::new(base, base + 2.0, base - 2.0, base + 1.0, 10.0, i64::from(i)).unwrap();
+///     last = indicator.update(candle);
+/// }
+/// assert!(last.is_some());
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ChaikinVolatility {
+    ema: Ema,
+    roc: Roc,
+    ema_period: usize,
+    roc_period: usize,
+}
+
+impl ChaikinVolatility {
+    /// Construct a Chaikin Volatility with explicit EMA and rate-of-change
+    /// periods.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Returns [`Error::PeriodZero`](crate::Error::PeriodZero) if either period
+    /// is zero.
+    pub fn new(ema_period: usize, roc_period: usize) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            ema: Ema::new(ema_period)?,
+            roc: Roc::new(roc_period)?,
+            ema_period,
+            roc_period,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Marc Chaikin's classic configuration: `EMA(10)` of the spread, `ROC(10)`.
+    pub fn classic() -> Self {
+        Self::new(10, 10).expect("classic Chaikin Volatility params are valid")
+    }
+
+    /// Configured `(ema_period, roc_period)`.
+    pub const fn periods(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
+        (self.ema_period, self.roc_period)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Indicator for ChaikinVolatility {
+    type Input = Candle;
+    type Output = f64;
+
+    fn update(&mut self, candle: Candle) -> Option<f64> {
+        let spread = candle.high - candle.low;
+        let smoothed = self.ema.update(spread)?;
+        self.roc.update(smoothed)
+    }
+
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.ema.reset();
+        self.roc.reset();
+    }
+
+    fn warmup_period(&self) -> usize {
+        // The EMA emits at candle `ema_period`; the ROC then needs
+        // `roc_period` more smoothed values to span its lookback.
+        self.ema_period + self.roc_period
+    }
+
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.roc.is_ready()
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "ChaikinVolatility"
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::traits::BatchExt;
+    use approx::assert_relative_eq;
+
+    fn c(high: f64, low: f64, close: f64, ts: i64) -> Candle {
+        Candle::new((high + low) / 2.0, high, low, close, 1.0, ts).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constant_range_yields_zero() {
+        // A constant high-low spread smooths to a constant EMA, whose rate of
+        // change is zero.
+        let candles: Vec<Candle> = (0..60)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let base = 100.0 + i as f64;
+                c(base + 1.0, base - 1.0, base, i)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut cv = ChaikinVolatility::new(10, 10).unwrap();
+        for v in cv.batch(&candles).into_iter().flatten() {
+            assert_relative_eq!(v, 0.0, epsilon = 1e-9);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn widening_range_reads_positive() {
+        // Each bar's range is strictly wider than the last -> expanding
+        // volatility -> positive Chaikin Volatility.
+        let candles: Vec<Candle> = (0..60)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let half = 1.0 + i as f64 * 0.1;
+                c(100.0 + half, 100.0 - half, 100.0, i)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut cv = ChaikinVolatility::new(10, 10).unwrap();
+        for v in cv.batch(&candles).into_iter().flatten() {
+            assert!(v > 0.0, "an expanding range should read positive, got {v}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn matches_independent_ema_and_roc() {
+        let candles: Vec<Candle> = (0..80)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let half = 1.0 + (i as f64 * 0.2).sin().abs() * 2.0;
+                c(100.0 + half, 100.0 - half, 100.0, i)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut cv = ChaikinVolatility::new(10, 10).unwrap();
+        let mut ema = Ema::new(10).unwrap();
+        let mut roc = Roc::new(10).unwrap();
+        for (i, candle) in candles.iter().enumerate() {
+            let got = cv.update(*candle);
+            match ema.update(candle.high - candle.low) {
+                Some(e) => {
+                    let want = roc.update(e);
+                    assert_eq!(got, want, "i={i}");
+                }
+                None => assert!(got.is_none(), "i={i}"),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn first_emission_matches_warmup_period() {
+        let candles: Vec<Candle> = (0..40)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let base = 100.0 + i as f64;
+                c(base + 1.0, base - 1.0, base, i)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut cv = ChaikinVolatility::new(5, 5).unwrap();
+        let out = cv.batch(&candles);
+        assert_eq!(cv.warmup_period(), 10);
+        for (i, v) in out.iter().enumerate().take(9) {
+            assert!(v.is_none(), "index {i} must be None during warmup");
+        }
+        assert!(out[9].is_some(), "first value lands at warmup_period - 1");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_zero_period() {
+        assert!(ChaikinVolatility::new(0, 10).is_err());
+        assert!(ChaikinVolatility::new(10, 0).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reset_clears_state() {
+        let candles: Vec<Candle> = (0..40)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let base = 100.0 + i as f64;
+                c(base + 1.0, base - 1.0, base, i)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut cv = ChaikinVolatility::classic();
+        cv.batch(&candles);
+        assert!(cv.is_ready());
+        cv.reset();
+        assert!(!cv.is_ready());
+        assert_eq!(cv.update(candles[0]), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_equals_streaming() {
+        let candles: Vec<Candle> = (0..80)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let half = 1.0 + (i as f64 * 0.25).sin().abs() * 3.0;
+                c(100.0 + half, 100.0 - half, 100.0, i)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut a = ChaikinVolatility::classic();
+        let mut b = ChaikinVolatility::classic();
+        assert_eq!(
+            a.batch(&candles),
+            candles.iter().map(|x| b.update(*x)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/linreg_angle.rs b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/linreg_angle.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6198c197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/linreg_angle.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+//! Linear Regression Angle.
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::indicators::linreg_slope::LinRegSlope;
+use crate::traits::Indicator;
+
+/// Linear Regression Angle — the slope of the rolling least-squares fit,
+/// expressed as an angle in degrees.
+///
+/// ```text
+/// LinRegAngle = atan(LinRegSlope) · 180 / π
+/// ```
+///
+/// It carries exactly the same information as [`LinRegSlope`](crate::LinRegSlope)
+/// — positive while price trends up, negative while it trends down — but maps
+/// the unbounded slope through `atan` onto `(−90°, +90°)`. That bounded,
+/// price-unit-free scale makes "how steep is the trend" comparable at a glance
+/// and across instruments. This is TA-Lib's `LINEARREG_ANGLE`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use wickra_core::{Indicator, LinRegAngle};
+///
+/// let mut indicator = LinRegAngle::new(14).unwrap();
+/// let mut last = None;
+/// for i in 0..80 {
+///     last = indicator.update(f64::from(i));
+/// }
+/// assert!(last.is_some());
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct LinRegAngle {
+    slope: LinRegSlope,
+}
+
+impl LinRegAngle {
+    /// Construct a new rolling linear-regression angle over `period` inputs.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Returns [`Error::InvalidPeriod`](crate::Error::InvalidPeriod) if
+    /// `period < 2` — a regression line is undefined for fewer than two points.
+    pub fn new(period: usize) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            slope: LinRegSlope::new(period)?,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Configured period.
+    pub const fn period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.slope.period()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Indicator for LinRegAngle {
+    type Input = f64;
+    type Output = f64;
+
+    fn update(&mut self, value: f64) -> Option<f64> {
+        self.slope.update(value).map(|s| s.atan().to_degrees())
+    }
+
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.slope.reset();
+    }
+
+    fn warmup_period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.slope.warmup_period()
+    }
+
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.slope.is_ready()
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "LinRegAngle"
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::traits::BatchExt;
+    use approx::assert_relative_eq;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unit_slope_is_forty_five_degrees() {
+        // A series rising by exactly 1 per step has slope 1, and atan(1) = 45°.
+        let mut angle = LinRegAngle::new(5).unwrap();
+        let out = angle.batch(&[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0]);
+        for (i, v) in out.iter().enumerate().take(4) {
+            assert!(v.is_none(), "index {i} must be None during warmup");
+        }
+        assert_relative_eq!(out[4].unwrap(), 45.0, epsilon = 1e-9);
+        assert_relative_eq!(out[5].unwrap(), 45.0, epsilon = 1e-9);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reference_value_steep_slope() {
+        // period 3 over [1, 2, 9]: slope 4, angle = atan(4) in degrees.
+        let mut angle = LinRegAngle::new(3).unwrap();
+        let out = angle.batch(&[1.0, 2.0, 9.0]);
+        assert_relative_eq!(out[2].unwrap(), 4.0_f64.atan().to_degrees(), epsilon = 1e-9);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constant_series_has_zero_angle() {
+        let mut angle = LinRegAngle::new(8).unwrap();
+        for v in angle.batch(&[42.0; 20]).into_iter().flatten() {
+            assert_relative_eq!(v, 0.0, epsilon = 1e-9);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn falling_series_has_negative_angle() {
+        let prices: Vec<f64> = (0..30).map(|i| 100.0 - f64::from(i)).collect();
+        let mut angle = LinRegAngle::new(10).unwrap();
+        for v in angle.batch(&prices).into_iter().flatten() {
+            assert!(v < 0.0, "a falling series must have a negative angle");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stays_within_ninety_degrees() {
+        let prices: Vec<f64> = (0..60)
+            .map(|i| 50.0 + (f64::from(i) * 0.3).sin() * 1000.0)
+            .collect();
+        let mut angle = LinRegAngle::new(14).unwrap();
+        for v in angle.batch(&prices).into_iter().flatten() {
+            assert!(v > -90.0 && v < 90.0, "angle {v} outside (-90, 90)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_period_below_two() {
+        assert!(LinRegAngle::new(0).is_err());
+        assert!(LinRegAngle::new(1).is_err());
+        assert!(LinRegAngle::new(2).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reset_clears_state() {
+        let mut angle = LinRegAngle::new(5).unwrap();
+        angle.batch(&[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]);
+        assert!(angle.is_ready());
+        angle.reset();
+        assert!(!angle.is_ready());
+        assert_eq!(angle.update(1.0), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_equals_streaming() {
+        let prices: Vec<f64> = (0..60)
+            .map(|i| 50.0 + (f64::from(i) * 0.3).sin() * 10.0)
+            .collect();
+        let mut a = LinRegAngle::new(14).unwrap();
+        let mut b = LinRegAngle::new(14).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            a.batch(&prices),
+            prices.iter().map(|x| b.update(*x)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/mod.rs b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/mod.rs
index 30bb6b2c..c555bd04 100644
--- a/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/mod.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ mod bollinger;
 mod bollinger_bandwidth;
 mod cci;
 mod chaikin_oscillator;
+mod chaikin_volatility;
 mod chande_kroll_stop;
 mod chandelier_exit;
 mod choppiness_index;
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ mod hma;
 mod kama;
 mod keltner;
 mod linreg;
+mod linreg_angle;
 mod linreg_slope;
 mod macd;
 mod mass_index;
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ mod t3;
 mod tema;
 mod trima;
 mod trix;
+mod true_range;
 mod tsi;
 mod typical_price;
 mod ulcer_index;
@@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ mod vwma;
 mod weighted_close;
 mod williams_r;
 mod wma;
+mod z_score;
 mod zlema;
 
 pub use accelerator_oscillator::AcceleratorOscillator;
@@ -85,6 +89,7 @@ pub use bollinger::{BollingerBands, BollingerOutput};
 pub use bollinger_bandwidth::BollingerBandwidth;
 pub use cci::Cci;
 pub use chaikin_oscillator::ChaikinOscillator;
+pub use chaikin_volatility::ChaikinVolatility;
 pub use chande_kroll_stop::{ChandeKrollStop, ChandeKrollStopOutput};
 pub use chandelier_exit::{ChandelierExit, ChandelierExitOutput};
 pub use choppiness_index::ChoppinessIndex;
@@ -102,6 +107,7 @@ pub use hma::Hma;
 pub use kama::Kama;
 pub use keltner::{Keltner, KeltnerOutput};
 pub use linreg::LinearRegression;
+pub use linreg_angle::LinRegAngle;
 pub use linreg_slope::LinRegSlope;
 pub use macd::{MacdIndicator, MacdOutput};
 pub use mass_index::MassIndex;
@@ -126,6 +132,7 @@ pub use t3::T3;
 pub use tema::Tema;
 pub use trima::Trima;
 pub use trix::Trix;
+pub use true_range::TrueRange;
 pub use tsi::Tsi;
 pub use typical_price::TypicalPrice;
 pub use ulcer_index::UlcerIndex;
@@ -138,4 +145,5 @@ pub use vwma::Vwma;
 pub use weighted_close::WeightedClose;
 pub use williams_r::WilliamsR;
 pub use wma::Wma;
+pub use z_score::ZScore;
 pub use zlema::Zlema;
diff --git a/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/true_range.rs b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/true_range.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..632c4f5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/true_range.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+//! True Range.
+
+use crate::ohlcv::Candle;
+use crate::traits::Indicator;
+
+/// True Range — the single-bar building block of every ATR-based indicator.
+///
+/// ```text
+/// TR = max( high − low, |high − close_prev|, |low − close_prev| )
+/// ```
+///
+/// True Range is the greatest of the bar's own range and the two gaps to the
+/// previous close, so it captures volatility that opens *between* bars rather
+/// than only within them. The first bar has no previous close and falls back
+/// to `high − low`. Where [`Atr`](crate::Atr) smooths this series, `TrueRange`
+/// exposes it raw, one value per bar.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use wickra_core::{Candle, Indicator, TrueRange};
+///
+/// let mut indicator = TrueRange::new();
+/// let mut last = None;
+/// for i in 0..80 {
+///     let base = 100.0 + f64::from(i);
+///     let candle =
+///         Candle::new(base, base + 2.0, base - 2.0, base + 1.0, 10.0, i64::from(i)).unwrap();
+///     last = indicator.update(candle);
+/// }
+/// assert!(last.is_some());
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct TrueRange {
+    prev_close: Option<f64>,
+    has_emitted: bool,
+}
+
+impl TrueRange {
+    /// Construct a new True Range indicator.
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            prev_close: None,
+            has_emitted: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Indicator for TrueRange {
+    type Input = Candle;
+    type Output = f64;
+
+    fn update(&mut self, candle: Candle) -> Option<f64> {
+        let tr = candle.true_range(self.prev_close);
+        self.prev_close = Some(candle.close);
+        self.has_emitted = true;
+        Some(tr)
+    }
+
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.prev_close = None;
+        self.has_emitted = false;
+    }
+
+    fn warmup_period(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_emitted
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "TrueRange"
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::traits::BatchExt;
+    use approx::assert_relative_eq;
+
+    fn c(high: f64, low: f64, close: f64, ts: i64) -> Candle {
+        Candle::new((high + low) / 2.0, high, low, close, 1.0, ts).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reference_values() {
+        // Bar 1 has no previous close -> TR = high - low = 12 - 8 = 4.
+        // Bar 2: prev close 11, TR = max(10-9, |10-11|, |9-11|) = max(1, 1, 2) = 2.
+        let mut tr = TrueRange::new();
+        let out = tr.batch(&[c(12.0, 8.0, 11.0, 0), c(10.0, 9.0, 9.5, 1)]);
+        assert_relative_eq!(out[0].unwrap(), 4.0, epsilon = 1e-12);
+        assert_relative_eq!(out[1].unwrap(), 2.0, epsilon = 1e-12);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn emits_from_first_candle() {
+        let mut tr = TrueRange::new();
+        assert_eq!(tr.warmup_period(), 1);
+        assert!(!tr.is_ready());
+        assert!(tr.update(c(11.0, 9.0, 10.0, 0)).is_some());
+        assert!(tr.is_ready());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn never_negative() {
+        let candles: Vec<Candle> = (0..120)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let base = 100.0 + (i as f64 * 0.3).sin() * 5.0;
+                c(base + 1.0, base - 1.0, base, i)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut tr = TrueRange::new();
+        for v in tr.batch(&candles).into_iter().flatten() {
+            assert!(v >= 0.0, "true range must be non-negative, got {v}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reset_clears_state() {
+        let mut tr = TrueRange::new();
+        tr.batch(&[c(12.0, 8.0, 10.0, 0), c(13.0, 9.0, 11.0, 1)]);
+        assert!(tr.is_ready());
+        tr.reset();
+        assert!(!tr.is_ready());
+        // After reset the next bar again has no previous close.
+        assert_relative_eq!(
+            tr.update(c(12.0, 8.0, 10.0, 0)).unwrap(),
+            4.0,
+            epsilon = 1e-12
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_equals_streaming() {
+        let candles: Vec<Candle> = (0..60)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let mid = 100.0 + (i as f64 * 0.3).sin() * 8.0;
+                c(mid + 1.5, mid - 1.5, mid + 0.5, i)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut a = TrueRange::new();
+        let mut b = TrueRange::new();
+        assert_eq!(
+            a.batch(&candles),
+            candles.iter().map(|x| b.update(*x)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/z_score.rs b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/z_score.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0603894f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/z_score.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+//! Z-Score.
+
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+
+use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+use crate::traits::Indicator;
+
+/// Z-Score — how many standard deviations the latest price sits from its
+/// rolling mean.
+///
+/// ```text
+/// ZScore = (price − SMA(price, n)) / population_stddev(price, n)
+/// ```
+///
+/// A reading of `+2` means price is two standard deviations above its recent
+/// average — statistically stretched to the upside; `−2` is the mirror. It is
+/// the standard normalisation behind mean-reversion strategies: a large
+/// magnitude flags an extension, a return toward `0` flags reversion. A window
+/// with zero dispersion (a flat series) yields `0`.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```
+/// use wickra_core::{Indicator, ZScore};
+///
+/// let mut indicator = ZScore::new(20).unwrap();
+/// let mut last = None;
+/// for i in 0..80 {
+///     last = indicator.update(f64::from(i));
+/// }
+/// assert!(last.is_some());
+/// ```
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ZScore {
+    period: usize,
+    window: VecDeque<f64>,
+    sum: f64,
+    sum_sq: f64,
+}
+
+impl ZScore {
+    /// Construct a new Z-Score over a rolling window of `period` prices.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Returns [`Error::PeriodZero`] if `period == 0`.
+    pub fn new(period: usize) -> Result<Self> {
+        if period == 0 {
+            return Err(Error::PeriodZero);
+        }
+        Ok(Self {
+            period,
+            window: VecDeque::with_capacity(period),
+            sum: 0.0,
+            sum_sq: 0.0,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Configured period.
+    pub const fn period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.period
+    }
+}
+
+impl Indicator for ZScore {
+    type Input = f64;
+    type Output = f64;
+
+    fn update(&mut self, value: f64) -> Option<f64> {
+        if self.window.len() == self.period {
+            let old = self.window.pop_front().expect("non-empty");
+            self.sum -= old;
+            self.sum_sq -= old * old;
+        }
+        self.window.push_back(value);
+        self.sum += value;
+        self.sum_sq += value * value;
+        if self.window.len() < self.period {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let n = self.period as f64;
+        let mean = self.sum / n;
+        // Population variance E[x²] − E[x]²; clamp away tiny negative drift.
+        let variance = (self.sum_sq / n - mean * mean).max(0.0);
+        let std = variance.sqrt();
+        if std == 0.0 {
+            // A window with no dispersion: the price is exactly its own mean.
+            return Some(0.0);
+        }
+        Some((value - mean) / std)
+    }
+
+    fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.window.clear();
+        self.sum = 0.0;
+        self.sum_sq = 0.0;
+    }
+
+    fn warmup_period(&self) -> usize {
+        self.period
+    }
+
+    fn is_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        self.window.len() == self.period
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "ZScore"
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::traits::BatchExt;
+    use approx::assert_relative_eq;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reference_values() {
+        // Window [1, 3]: mean 2, population variance (1 + 9)/2 − 4 = 1,
+        // stddev 1; the latest price 3 is (3 − 2) / 1 = 1 stddev above.
+        let mut z = ZScore::new(2).unwrap();
+        let out = z.batch(&[1.0, 3.0]);
+        assert!(out[0].is_none());
+        assert_relative_eq!(out[1].unwrap(), 1.0, epsilon = 1e-12);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constant_series_yields_zero() {
+        let mut z = ZScore::new(10).unwrap();
+        for v in z.batch(&[42.0; 30]).into_iter().flatten() {
+            assert_relative_eq!(v, 0.0, epsilon = 1e-12);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rising_price_is_above_its_mean() {
+        // A monotonically rising series always sits above its trailing mean.
+        let prices: Vec<f64> = (0..40).map(f64::from).collect();
+        let mut z = ZScore::new(10).unwrap();
+        for v in z.batch(&prices).into_iter().flatten() {
+            assert!(
+                v > 0.0,
+                "a rising price should score above its mean, got {v}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn first_value_on_period_th_input() {
+        let mut z = ZScore::new(5).unwrap();
+        let out = z.batch(&[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0]);
+        for (i, v) in out.iter().enumerate().take(4) {
+            assert!(v.is_none(), "index {i} must be None during warmup");
+        }
+        assert!(out[4].is_some(), "first value lands at index period - 1");
+        assert_eq!(z.warmup_period(), 5);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_zero_period() {
+        assert!(ZScore::new(0).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reset_clears_state() {
+        let mut z = ZScore::new(5).unwrap();
+        z.batch(&[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]);
+        assert!(z.is_ready());
+        z.reset();
+        assert!(!z.is_ready());
+        assert_eq!(z.update(1.0), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn batch_equals_streaming() {
+        let prices: Vec<f64> = (0..60)
+            .map(|i| 50.0 + (f64::from(i) * 0.3).sin() * 10.0)
+            .collect();
+        let mut a = ZScore::new(20).unwrap();
+        let mut b = ZScore::new(20).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            a.batch(&prices),
+            prices.iter().map(|x| b.update(*x)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/wickra-core/src/lib.rs b/crates/wickra-core/src/lib.rs
index d6ec41d6..a089b120 100644
--- a/crates/wickra-core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/wickra-core/src/lib.rs
@@ -46,14 +46,15 @@ pub use error::{Error, Result};
 pub use indicators::{
     AcceleratorOscillator, Adl, Adx, AdxOutput, Aroon, AroonOscillator, AroonOutput, Atr,
     AtrTrailingStop, AwesomeOscillator, BalanceOfPower, BollingerBands, BollingerBandwidth,
-    BollingerOutput, Cci, ChaikinMoneyFlow, ChaikinOscillator, ChandeKrollStop,
+    BollingerOutput, Cci, ChaikinMoneyFlow, ChaikinOscillator, ChaikinVolatility, ChandeKrollStop,
     ChandeKrollStopOutput, ChandelierExit, ChandelierExitOutput, ChoppinessIndex, Cmo, Coppock,
     Dema, Donchian, DonchianOutput, Dpo, EaseOfMovement, Ema, ForceIndex, HistoricalVolatility,
-    Hma, Kama, Keltner, KeltnerOutput, LinRegSlope, LinearRegression, MacdIndicator, MacdOutput,
-    MassIndex, MedianPrice, Mfi, Mom, Natr, Obv, PercentB, Pmo, Ppo, Psar, Roc, RollingVwap, Rsi,
-    Sma, Smma, StdDev, StochRsi, Stochastic, StochasticOutput, SuperTrend, SuperTrendOutput, Tema,
-    Trima, Trix, Tsi, TypicalPrice, UlcerIndex, UltimateOscillator, VerticalHorizontalFilter,
-    VolumePriceTrend, Vortex, VortexOutput, Vwap, Vwma, WeightedClose, WilliamsR, Wma, Zlema, T3,
+    Hma, Kama, Keltner, KeltnerOutput, LinRegAngle, LinRegSlope, LinearRegression, MacdIndicator,
+    MacdOutput, MassIndex, MedianPrice, Mfi, Mom, Natr, Obv, PercentB, Pmo, Ppo, Psar, Roc,
+    RollingVwap, Rsi, Sma, Smma, StdDev, StochRsi, Stochastic, StochasticOutput, SuperTrend,
+    SuperTrendOutput, Tema, Trima, Trix, TrueRange, Tsi, TypicalPrice, UlcerIndex,
+    UltimateOscillator, VerticalHorizontalFilter, VolumePriceTrend, Vortex, VortexOutput, Vwap,
+    Vwma, WeightedClose, WilliamsR, Wma, ZScore, Zlema, T3,
 };
 pub use ohlcv::{Candle, Tick};
 pub use traits::{BatchExt, Chain, Indicator};
diff --git a/docs/wiki/indicators/statistics/Indicator-LinRegAngle.md b/docs/wiki/indicators/statistics/Indicator-LinRegAngle.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99093519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/wiki/indicators/statistics/Indicator-LinRegAngle.md
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+# LinRegAngle
+
+> Linear Regression Angle — the slope of the rolling least-squares fit,
+> expressed as an angle in degrees.
+
+## Quick reference
+
+| Field | Value |
+|-------|-------|
+| Family | Price Statistics |
+| Input type | `f64` (price) |
+| Output type | `f64` |
+| Output range | `(−90°, +90°)` |
+| Default parameters | `period = 14` (Python) |
+| Warmup period | `period` |
+| Interpretation | Steepness of the trend; sign is direction, magnitude is pitch. |
+
+## Formula
+
+```
+LinRegAngle = atan(LinRegSlope) · 180 / π
+```
+
+The angle carries exactly the same information as
+[`LinRegSlope`](Indicator-LinRegSlope.md) — positive while price trends up,
+negative while it trends down — but maps the unbounded slope through `atan`
+onto `(−90°, +90°)`. That bounded, price-unit-free scale makes "how steep is
+the trend" comparable at a glance and across instruments. This is TA-Lib's
+`LINEARREG_ANGLE`.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`period` — the regression window. Must be at least `2` (a line needs two
+points). The Python binding defaults it to `14`; the Rust and Node
+constructors require it explicitly.
+
+## Inputs / Outputs
+
+From `crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/linreg_angle.rs`:
+
+```rust
+impl Indicator for LinRegAngle {
+    type Input = f64;
+    type Output = f64;
+    // update(&mut self, input: f64) -> Option<f64>
+}
+```
+
+`LinRegAngle` is a **scalar** indicator: it consumes one `f64` price per step.
+Because `Input = f64` it can sit inside a [`Chain`](../../Indicator-Chaining.md).
+
+## Warmup
+
+`LinRegAngle::new(14).warmup_period() == 14`. The first value lands once the
+window holds a full `period` prices.
+
+## Edge cases
+
+- **`period < 2`.** Rejected at construction — a regression line is undefined
+  for fewer than two points.
+- **Unit slope.** A series rising by exactly `1` per step has slope `1`, and
+  `atan(1) = 45°`.
+- **Flat series.** A constant input has slope `0` and therefore angle `0`.
+- **Reset.** `angle.reset()` clears the rolling regression window.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Rust
+
+```rust
+use wickra::{BatchExt, Indicator, LinRegAngle};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut angle = LinRegAngle::new(5)?;
+    // Closes rising by 1 per step -> slope 1 -> atan(1) = 45 degrees.
+    let out = angle.batch(&[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0]);
+    println!("{:?}", out);
+    Ok(())
+}
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+[None, None, None, None, Some(45.0), Some(45.0)]
+```
+
+### Python
+
+```python
+import numpy as np
+import wickra as ta
+
+angle = ta.LinRegAngle(5)
+print(angle.batch(np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0])))
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+[ nan  nan  nan  nan 45. 45.]
+```
+
+### Node
+
+```javascript
+const ta = require('wickra');
+const angle = new ta.LinRegAngle(5);
+console.log(angle.batch([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]));
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+[ NaN, NaN, NaN, NaN, 45, 45 ]
+```
+
+## Interpretation
+
+The angle is read like a slope: sign gives trend direction, magnitude gives
+how steeply price is pitched. Because it is bounded to `±90°` it is convenient
+for thresholds — e.g. "only trade with the trend while the angle exceeds
+`30°`" — and for comparing trend pitch across instruments with different price
+scales, which the raw [`LinRegSlope`](Indicator-LinRegSlope.md) cannot do.
+
+## Common pitfalls
+
+- **Reading degrees as a price quantity.** The angle depends on the chart's
+  implicit scaling; treat it as a relative steepness gauge, not an absolute.
+- **Tiny periods.** `period = 2` reduces the fit to the last difference.
+
+## References
+
+The angle of an ordinary least-squares fit to a rolling price window; matches
+TA-Lib's `LINEARREG_ANGLE`.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Indicator-LinRegSlope.md](Indicator-LinRegSlope.md) — the same fit's slope,
+  in raw price-per-bar units.
+- [Indicator-LinearRegression.md](Indicator-LinearRegression.md) — the
+  endpoint of the same rolling fit.
+- [Indicators-Overview.md](../../Indicators-Overview.md) — the full taxonomy.
diff --git a/docs/wiki/indicators/statistics/Indicator-ZScore.md b/docs/wiki/indicators/statistics/Indicator-ZScore.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..142cc75f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/wiki/indicators/statistics/Indicator-ZScore.md
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+# ZScore
+
+> Z-Score — how many standard deviations the latest price sits from its
+> rolling mean.
+
+## Quick reference
+
+| Field | Value |
+|-------|-------|
+| Family | Price Statistics |
+| Input type | `f64` (price) |
+| Output type | `f64` |
+| Output range | unbounded around zero (standard deviations) |
+| Default parameters | `period = 20` (Python) |
+| Warmup period | `period` |
+| Interpretation | Large magnitude = stretched; a return toward `0` = reversion. |
+
+## Formula
+
+```
+ZScore = (price − SMA(price, n)) / population_stddev(price, n)
+```
+
+The Z-Score normalises price against its own recent behaviour: it subtracts
+the rolling mean and divides by the rolling population standard deviation. A
+reading of `+2` means price is two standard deviations above its `n`-bar
+average — statistically stretched to the upside; `−2` is the mirror. It is the
+standard input to mean-reversion strategies.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`period` — the rolling window for the mean and standard deviation. The Python
+binding defaults it to `20`; the Rust and Node constructors require it.
+
+## Inputs / Outputs
+
+From `crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/z_score.rs`:
+
+```rust
+impl Indicator for ZScore {
+    type Input = f64;
+    type Output = f64;
+    // update(&mut self, input: f64) -> Option<f64>
+}
+```
+
+`ZScore` is a **scalar** indicator: it consumes one `f64` price per step.
+Because `Input = f64` it can sit inside a [`Chain`](../../Indicator-Chaining.md).
+
+## Warmup
+
+`ZScore::new(20).warmup_period() == 20`. The first value lands once the window
+holds a full `period` prices.
+
+## Edge cases
+
+- **Zero dispersion.** A flat window has a zero standard deviation; `ZScore`
+  is defined as `0` rather than dividing by zero.
+- **Rising series.** A monotonically rising price always scores above its
+  trailing mean (positive).
+- **Reset.** `z.reset()` clears the rolling window.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Rust
+
+```rust
+use wickra::{BatchExt, Indicator, ZScore};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut z = ZScore::new(2)?;
+    // Window [1, 3]: mean 2, population stddev 1; latest 3 -> (3 - 2) / 1.
+    println!("{:?}", z.batch(&[1.0, 3.0]));
+    Ok(())
+}
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+[None, Some(1.0)]
+```
+
+### Python
+
+```python
+import numpy as np
+import wickra as ta
+
+z = ta.ZScore(2)
+print(z.batch(np.array([1.0, 3.0])))
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+[nan  1.]
+```
+
+### Node
+
+```javascript
+const ta = require('wickra');
+const z = new ta.ZScore(2);
+console.log(z.batch([1, 3]));
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+[ NaN, 1 ]
+```
+
+## Interpretation
+
+Z-Score is the workhorse of mean-reversion: a common rule enters against the
+move when `|ZScore| > 2` and exits as it crosses back through `0`. Read
+together with a trend filter — a high Z-Score in a strong trend is often
+continuation, not exhaustion, so the reversion edge is best in ranging
+regimes.
+
+## Common pitfalls
+
+- **Trading extremes blindly.** A trending market can hold a high Z-Score for
+  a long time; pair it with a regime filter.
+- **Tiny periods.** A short window makes the mean and stddev jumpy.
+
+## References
+
+The standard statistical Z-Score (standard score) applied to a rolling price
+window.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Indicator-StdDev.md](../volatility/Indicator-StdDev.md) — the rolling
+  standard deviation in the denominator.
+- [Indicator-LinearRegression.md](Indicator-LinearRegression.md) — another
+  rolling statistical fit.
+- [Indicators-Overview.md](../../Indicators-Overview.md) — the full taxonomy.
diff --git a/docs/wiki/indicators/volatility/Indicator-ChaikinVolatility.md b/docs/wiki/indicators/volatility/Indicator-ChaikinVolatility.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2be47e0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/wiki/indicators/volatility/Indicator-ChaikinVolatility.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# ChaikinVolatility
+
+> Chaikin Volatility — the rate of change of a smoothed high-low spread;
+> is the trading range widening or narrowing?
+
+## Quick reference
+
+| Field | Value |
+|-------|-------|
+| Family | Volatility & Bands |
+| Input type | `Candle` (uses `high`, `low`) |
+| Output type | `f64` |
+| Output range | unbounded around zero (percent) |
+| Default parameters | `ema_period = 10`, `roc_period = 10` (Python) |
+| Warmup period | `ema_period + roc_period` |
+| Interpretation | Positive = ranges expanding, negative = ranges contracting. |
+
+## Formula
+
+```
+spread_t   = high_t − low_t
+smoothed_t = EMA(spread, ema_period)_t
+ChaikinVol = 100 · (smoothed_t − smoothed_{t−roc_period}) / smoothed_{t−roc_period}
+```
+
+Marc Chaikin's volatility measure tracks not the *level* of the trading range
+but how fast it is *widening or narrowing*. The bar's high-low spread is
+EMA-smoothed, then run through a rate-of-change: a rising value means ranges
+are expanding (often near a market top, as fear spikes), a falling value means
+they are contracting (a quiet, complacent market). The classic configuration
+smooths the spread with a `10`-period EMA and takes its `10`-period rate of
+change.
+
+## Parameters
+
+- `ema_period` — the EMA that smooths the high-low spread (`10`).
+- `roc_period` — the rate-of-change lookback over the smoothed spread (`10`).
+
+`ChaikinVolatility::classic()` returns the `(10, 10)` configuration.
+
+## Inputs / Outputs
+
+From `crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/chaikin_volatility.rs`:
+
+```rust
+impl Indicator for ChaikinVolatility {
+    type Input = Candle;
+    type Output = f64;
+    // update(&mut self, input: Candle) -> Option<f64>
+}
+```
+
+`ChaikinVolatility` is a **candle-input** indicator that reads `high` and
+`low`. Python's streaming `update` accepts a 6-tuple or a dict; the batch
+helper takes `high`, `low` numpy arrays. Node and WASM expose
+`update(high, low)` and the matching `batch`.
+
+## Warmup
+
+`ChaikinVolatility::classic().warmup_period() == 20`. The EMA emits at candle
+`ema_period`; the rate-of-change then needs `roc_period` more smoothed values.
+
+## Edge cases
+
+- **Constant range.** A constant high-low spread smooths to a constant EMA,
+  whose rate of change is `0`.
+- **Expanding range.** A monotonically widening range reads positive.
+- **Reset.** `cv.reset()` clears the inner EMA and ROC.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Rust
+
+```rust
+use wickra::{BatchExt, Candle, Indicator, ChaikinVolatility};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut cv = ChaikinVolatility::new(10, 10)?;
+    // A constant 2-wide range -> constant EMA -> zero rate of change.
+    let candles: Vec<Candle> = (0..40)
+        .map(|i| {
+            let base = 100.0 + f64::from(i);
+            Candle::new(base, base + 1.0, base - 1.0, base, 1.0, i).unwrap()
+        })
+        .collect();
+    println!("{:?}", cv.batch(&candles).last().unwrap());
+    Ok(())
+}
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+Some(0.0)
+```
+
+### Python
+
+```python
+import numpy as np
+import wickra as ta
+
+cv = ta.ChaikinVolatility(10, 10)
+n = 40
+base = np.arange(n, dtype=float) + 100.0
+print(cv.batch(base + 1.0, base - 1.0)[-1])
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+0.0
+```
+
+### Node
+
+```javascript
+const ta = require('wickra');
+const cv = new ta.ChaikinVolatility(10, 10);
+const base = Array.from({ length: 40 }, (_, i) => 100 + i);
+const out = cv.batch(base.map((b) => b + 1), base.map((b) => b - 1));
+console.log(out[out.length - 1]);
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+0
+```
+
+## Interpretation
+
+A rising Chaikin Volatility warns that ranges are expanding fast — Chaikin
+associated sharp rises with market tops, where panic widens bars. A low or
+falling reading is the calm, range-contracting market that often precedes a
+move. It complements [`Atr`](Indicator-Atr.md): ATR gives the level of
+volatility, Chaikin Volatility gives its momentum.
+
+## Common pitfalls
+
+- **Reading it as a volatility level.** It is a *rate of change* — zero means
+  steady ranges, not zero volatility.
+- **Feeding it scalar prices.** It needs the `high`/`low` bar.
+
+## References
+
+Marc Chaikin's Chaikin Volatility; the EMA-of-spread rate-of-change definition
+here is the standard one.
+
+## See also
+
+- [Indicator-Atr.md](Indicator-Atr.md) — the level of per-bar volatility.
+- [Indicator-TrueRange.md](Indicator-TrueRange.md) — raw single-bar range.
+- [Indicators-Overview.md](../../Indicators-Overview.md) — the full taxonomy.
diff --git a/docs/wiki/indicators/volatility/Indicator-TrueRange.md b/docs/wiki/indicators/volatility/Indicator-TrueRange.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..189ea33f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/wiki/indicators/volatility/Indicator-TrueRange.md
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+# TrueRange
+
+> True Range — the single-bar volatility measure that ATR is the average
+> of, exposed raw.
+
+## Quick reference
+
+| Field | Value |
+|-------|-------|
+| Family | Volatility & Bands |
+| Input type | `Candle` (uses `high`, `low`, `close`) |
+| Output type | `f64` |
+| Output range | `[0, ∞)` (price scale) |
+| Default parameters | none (no parameters) |
+| Warmup period | `1` |
+| Interpretation | Per-bar volatility including overnight gaps. |
+
+## Formula
+
+```
+TR = max( high − low, |high − close_prev|, |low − close_prev| )
+```
+
+True Range is the greatest of the bar's own range and the two gaps to the
+previous close, so it captures volatility that opens *between* bars — an
+overnight gap — not only the range printed within a bar. The first bar has no
+previous close and falls back to `high − low`. Where [`Atr`](Indicator-Atr.md)
+is the Wilder-smoothed average of this series, `TrueRange` exposes it raw, one
+value per bar.
+
+## Parameters
+
+`TrueRange` takes **no parameters** — `TrueRange::new()` in Rust,
+`wickra.TrueRange()` in Python, `new ta.TrueRange()` in Node.
+
+## Inputs / Outputs
+
+From `crates/wickra-core/src/indicators/true_range.rs`:
+
+```rust
+impl Indicator for TrueRange {
+    type Input = Candle;
+    type Output = f64;
+    // update(&mut self, input: Candle) -> Option<f64>
+}
+```
+
+`TrueRange` is a **candle-input** indicator that reads `high`, `low` and
+`close` (the close drives the gap terms). Python's streaming `update` accepts
+a 6-tuple or a dict; the batch helper takes `high`, `low`, `close` numpy
+arrays. Node and WASM expose `update(high, low, close)` and the matching
+`batch`.
+
+## Warmup
+
+`TrueRange::new().warmup_period() == 1`. It emits a value from the very first
+candle — that bar simply has no previous close and uses `high − low`.
+
+## Edge cases
+
+- **First bar.** No previous close: `TR = high − low`.
+- **Gap.** A bar that opens far from the prior close has a `TR` larger than
+  its own `high − low`.
+- **Non-negative.** `TR` is always `>= 0`.
+- **Reset.** `tr.reset()` drops the previous close; the next bar restarts.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Rust
+
+```rust
+use wickra::{BatchExt, Candle, Indicator, TrueRange};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut tr = TrueRange::new();
+    let out = tr.batch(&[
+        Candle::new(11.0, 12.0, 8.0, 11.0, 1.0, 0)?,  // no prev close -> 12 - 8
+        Candle::new(9.5, 10.0, 9.0, 9.5, 1.0, 1)?,    // prev close 11 -> max(1, 1, 2)
+    ]);
+    println!("{:?}", out);
+    Ok(())
+}
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+[Some(4.0), Some(2.0)]
+```
+
+### Python
+
+```python
+import numpy as np
+import wickra as ta
+
+tr = ta.TrueRange()
+print(tr.batch(
+    np.array([12.0, 10.0]), np.array([8.0, 9.0]), np.array([11.0, 9.5])
+))
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+[4. 2.]
+```
+
+### Node
+
+```javascript
+const ta = require('wickra');
+const tr = new ta.TrueRange();
+console.log(tr.batch([12, 10], [8, 9], [11, 9.5]));
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+[ 4, 2 ]
+```
+
+## Interpretation
+
+Read `TrueRange` as raw per-bar volatility. It spikes on wide-range or gapping
+bars and shrinks in quiet stretches. Smoothing it with a moving average gives
+[`Atr`](Indicator-Atr.md); using it directly is useful for volatility-scaled
+position sizing or for spotting single outlier bars an average would hide.
+
+## Common pitfalls
+
+- **Confusing it with `high − low`.** On a gap bar the True Range is larger —
+  that is the whole point.
+- **Feeding it scalar prices.** It needs the full `high`/`low`/`close` bar.
+
+## References
+
+J. Welles Wilder Jr.'s True Range, from *New Concepts in Technical Trading
+Systems* (1978).
+
+## See also
+
+- [Indicator-Atr.md](Indicator-Atr.md) — the Wilder-smoothed average of the
+  True Range.
+- [Indicator-ChaikinVolatility.md](Indicator-ChaikinVolatility.md) — a
+  rate-of-change volatility measure.
+- [Indicators-Overview.md](../../Indicators-Overview.md) — the full taxonomy.