===========================================
Returning braced initializer lists
===========================================

T main() {
  return {0, 5};
}

---

(translation_unit
  (function_definition
    (type_identifier)
    (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list))
    (compound_statement
      (return_statement (initializer_list (number_literal) (number_literal))))))

===========================================
Range-based for loops
===========================================

T main() {
  for (Value &value : values) {
    cout << value;
  }

  for (const auto &value : values) {
    cout << value;
  }

  for (const auto &value : {1, 2, 3}) {
    cout << value;
  }

  for (auto n = v.size(); auto i : v) {
    cout << --n + i << ' ';
  }

  for (using elem_t = T::value_type; elem_t i : v) {
    cout << --n + i << ' ';
  }
}

---

(translation_unit
  (function_definition
    type: (type_identifier)
    declarator: (function_declarator
      declarator: (identifier)
      parameters: (parameter_list))
    body: (compound_statement
      (for_range_loop
        type: (type_identifier)
        declarator: (reference_declarator (identifier))
        right: (identifier)
        body: (compound_statement
          (expression_statement (binary_expression
            left: (identifier)
            right: (identifier)))))
      (for_range_loop
        (type_qualifier)
        type: (placeholder_type_specifier (auto))
        declarator: (reference_declarator (identifier))
        right: (identifier)
        body: (compound_statement
          (expression_statement (binary_expression
            left: (identifier)
            right: (identifier)))))
      (for_range_loop
        (type_qualifier)
        type: (placeholder_type_specifier (auto))
        declarator: (reference_declarator (identifier))
        right: (initializer_list (number_literal) (number_literal) (number_literal))
        body: (compound_statement
          (expression_statement (binary_expression
            left: (identifier)
            right: (identifier)))))
      (for_range_loop
        initializer: (init_statement
          (declaration
            type: (placeholder_type_specifier (auto))
            declarator: (init_declarator
              declarator: (identifier)
              value: (call_expression
                function: (field_expression
                  argument: (identifier)
                  field: (field_identifier))
                arguments: (argument_list)))))
        type: (placeholder_type_specifier (auto))
        declarator: (identifier)
        right: (identifier)
        body: (compound_statement
          (expression_statement
            (binary_expression
              left: (binary_expression
                left: (identifier)
                right: (binary_expression
                  left: (update_expression
                    argument: (identifier))
                  right: (identifier)))
              right: (char_literal)))))
      (for_range_loop
        initializer: (init_statement
          (alias_declaration
            name: (type_identifier)
            type: (type_descriptor
              type: (qualified_identifier
                scope: (namespace_identifier)
                name: (type_identifier)))))
        type: (type_identifier)
        declarator: (identifier)
        right: (identifier)
        body: (compound_statement
          (expression_statement
            (binary_expression
              left: (binary_expression
                left: (identifier)
                right: (binary_expression
                  left: (update_expression
                    argument: (identifier))
                  right: (identifier)))
              right: (char_literal))))))))

===========================================
Constexpr if statements
===========================================

T f() {
  if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<T>)
    return *t;
  else
    return t;
}

---

(translation_unit
  (function_definition
    type: (type_identifier)
    declarator: (function_declarator
      declarator: (identifier)
      parameters: (parameter_list))
    body: (compound_statement
      (if_statement
        condition: (condition_clause
          value: (qualified_identifier
            scope: (namespace_identifier)
            name: (template_function
              name: (identifier)
              arguments: (template_argument_list
                (type_descriptor type: (type_identifier))))))
        consequence: (return_statement
          (pointer_expression argument: (identifier)))
        alternative: (return_statement (identifier))))))

=====================================
If statements with declarations
====================================

void f() {
  if (const int x = foo()) { }
  if (const int x { foo() }) { }
  if (const int x = foo(); x != 0) { }
}

---

(translation_unit
  (function_definition
    type: (primitive_type)
    declarator: (function_declarator
      declarator: (identifier)
      parameters: (parameter_list))
    body: (compound_statement
      (if_statement
        condition: (condition_clause
          value: (declaration
            (type_qualifier)
            type: (primitive_type)
            declarator: (identifier)
            value: (call_expression
              function: (identifier)
              arguments: (argument_list))))
        consequence: (compound_statement))
      (if_statement
        condition: (condition_clause
          value: (declaration
            (type_qualifier)
            type: (primitive_type)
            declarator: (identifier)
          value: (initializer_list (call_expression function: (identifier) arguments: (argument_list)))))
        consequence: (compound_statement))
      (if_statement
        condition: (condition_clause
          initializer: (init_statement
            (declaration
              (type_qualifier)
              type: (primitive_type)
              declarator: (init_declarator
                declarator: (identifier)
                value: (call_expression function: (identifier) arguments: (argument_list)))))
          value: (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (number_literal)))
        consequence: (compound_statement)))))

===========================================
Try/catch statements
===========================================

void main() {
  try {
      f();
  } catch (const std::overflow_error) {
      // f() throws std::overflow_error (same type rule)
  } catch (const exception &e) {
      // f() throws std::logic_error (base class rule)
  } catch (...) {
      // f() throws std::string or int or any other unrelated type
  }
}

---

(translation_unit
  (function_definition
    (primitive_type)
    (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list))
    (compound_statement
      (try_statement
        (compound_statement
          (expression_statement (call_expression (identifier) (argument_list))))
        (catch_clause
          (parameter_list (parameter_declaration (type_qualifier) (qualified_identifier (namespace_identifier) (type_identifier))))
          (compound_statement (comment)))
        (catch_clause
          (parameter_list (parameter_declaration (type_qualifier) (type_identifier) (reference_declarator (identifier))))
          (compound_statement (comment)))
        (catch_clause
          (parameter_list)
          (compound_statement (comment)))))))

===========================================
Throw statements
===========================================

void main() {
     throw e;
     throw x + 1;
     throw "exception";
}

---

(translation_unit
  (function_definition
    (primitive_type)
    (function_declarator
      (identifier)
      (parameter_list))
      (compound_statement
        (throw_statement (identifier))
        (throw_statement (binary_expression (identifier) (number_literal)))
        (throw_statement (string_literal)))))

===========================================
Noexcept specifier
===========================================

void foo() noexcept;
void foo() noexcept(true);
template<class T> T foo() noexcept(sizeof(T) < 4);

---

(translation_unit
  (declaration
    (primitive_type)
    (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list)
      (noexcept)))
  (declaration
    (primitive_type)
    (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list)
      (noexcept (true))))
  (template_declaration
    (template_parameter_list
      (type_parameter_declaration (type_identifier)))
    (declaration
      (type_identifier)
      (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list)
        (noexcept
          (binary_expression (sizeof_expression (parenthesized_expression (identifier))) (number_literal)))))))

===========================================
Throw specifier
===========================================

void foo() throw();
void foo() throw(int);
void foo() throw(std::string, char *);
void foo() throw(float) { }

---

(translation_unit
  (declaration
    (primitive_type)
    (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list)
      (throw_specifier)))
  (declaration
  (primitive_type)
  (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list)
    (throw_specifier (type_descriptor (primitive_type)))))
  (declaration
    (primitive_type)
    (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list)
      (throw_specifier
        (type_descriptor (qualified_identifier (namespace_identifier) (type_identifier)))
        (type_descriptor (primitive_type) (abstract_pointer_declarator)))))
  (function_definition
    (primitive_type)
    (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list)
      (throw_specifier (type_descriptor (primitive_type))))
      (compound_statement)))

===========================================
Assignment
===========================================

a::b::c = 1;

---

(translation_unit
  (expression_statement
    (assignment_expression
      (qualified_identifier
        (namespace_identifier)
        (qualified_identifier
          (namespace_identifier)
          (identifier)))
      (number_literal))))

=========================================
Attributes
=========================================

void f() {
  [[a]] switch (b) {
   [[c]] case 1: {}
  }
  [[a]] while (true) {}
  [[a]] if (true) {}
  [[a]] for (auto x : y) {}
  [[a]] for (;;) {}
  [[a]] return;
  [[a]] a;
  [[a]];
  [[a]] label: {}
  [[a]] goto label;
}

---

(translation_unit
  (function_definition (primitive_type)
    (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list))
    (compound_statement
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier)))
        (switch_statement
          (condition_clause (identifier))
          (compound_statement
            (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier)))
              (case_statement (number_literal) (compound_statement))))))
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier))) (while_statement (condition_clause (true)) (compound_statement)))
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier))) (if_statement (condition_clause (true)) (compound_statement)))
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier))) (for_range_loop (placeholder_type_specifier (auto)) (identifier) (identifier) (compound_statement)))
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier))) (for_statement (compound_statement)))
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier))) (return_statement))
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier))) (expression_statement (identifier)))
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier))) (expression_statement))
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier))) (labeled_statement (statement_identifier) (compound_statement)))
      (attributed_statement (attribute_declaration (attribute (identifier))) (goto_statement (statement_identifier))))))

===========================================
Coroutines
===========================================

co_return 1;
co_return;
co_yield 1;

---

(translation_unit
  (co_return_statement
    (number_literal))
  (co_return_statement)
  (co_yield_statement
    (number_literal)))


===========================================
Switch statements
===========================================

void foo(int a) {
  switch (a) {
    case 1:
      for (auto i : vec) {}
    case 2:
      try {
        // do something
      } catch(...) {}
      throw 1;
    case 3:
      co_return;
    default:
      co_yield a;
  }
}

---

(translation_unit
  (function_definition (primitive_type)
    (function_declarator (identifier) (parameter_list (parameter_declaration (primitive_type) (identifier))))
    (compound_statement
      (switch_statement (condition_clause (identifier))
        (compound_statement
          (case_statement (number_literal) (for_range_loop (placeholder_type_specifier (auto)) (identifier) (identifier) (compound_statement)))
          (case_statement (number_literal) (try_statement (compound_statement (comment)) (catch_clause (parameter_list) (compound_statement))) (throw_statement (number_literal)))
          (case_statement (number_literal) (co_return_statement))
          (case_statement (co_yield_statement (identifier))))))))