Implement Parameters API

- Add `.name()` builder method on all 5 parameter types for custom labels
- Add `CompletedTrial::get(&param)` for typed parameter access
- Add `Display` impl on `ParamValue`
- Add prelude module at `optimizer::prelude::*`
- Shadow `_with_sampler` methods on `Study<f64>` so `optimize()` auto-uses
  the configured sampler; deprecate `_with_sampler` variants
- Use runtime `Any` downcasting with `trial_factory` to avoid E0592
- Update all examples and tests to use the new API

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/sampler/mod.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use crate::distribution::Distribution;
 use crate::param::ParamValue;
-use crate::parameter::ParamId;
+use crate::parameter::{ParamId, Parameter};
 
 /// A completed trial with its parameters, distributions, and objective value.
 ///
@@ -46,6 +46,47 @@ impl<V> CompletedTrial<V> {
             value,
         }
     }
+
+    /// Returns the typed value for the given parameter.
+    ///
+    /// Looks up the parameter by its unique id and casts the stored
+    /// [`ParamValue`] to the parameter's typed value.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the parameter was not used in this trial.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the stored value is incompatible with the parameter type
+    /// (e.g., a `Float` value stored for an `IntParam`). This indicates
+    /// a bug in the program, not a runtime error.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use optimizer::parameter::{FloatParam, Parameter};
+    /// use optimizer::{Direction, Study};
+    ///
+    /// let study: Study<f64> = Study::new(Direction::Minimize);
+    /// let x = FloatParam::new(-10.0, 10.0);
+    ///
+    /// study
+    ///     .optimize(5, |trial| {
+    ///         let val = x.suggest(trial)?;
+    ///         Ok::<_, optimizer::Error>(val * val)
+    ///     })
+    ///     .unwrap();
+    ///
+    /// let best = study.best_trial().unwrap();
+    /// let x_val: f64 = best.get(&x).unwrap();
+    /// assert!((-10.0..=10.0).contains(&x_val));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get<P: Parameter>(&self, param: &P) -> Option<P::Value> {
+        self.params.get(&param.id()).map(|v| {
+            param
+                .cast_param_value(v)
+                .expect("parameter type mismatch: stored value incompatible with parameter")
+        })
+    }
 }
 
 /// A pending (running) trial with its parameters and distributions, but no objective value yet.