pumpfun-bonkfun-bot_github/learning-examples/pumpswap/manual_buy_pumpswap.py

"""
This standalone script demonstrates how to buy tokens on the PUMP AMM (pAMM) protocol.
It covers the complete flow from finding markets to executing buys with mayhem mode support.

Key concepts demonstrated:
- Finding AMM pool addresses by token mint
- Parsing binary account data structures
- Dynamic fee recipient calculation (mayhem mode vs standard)
- Program Derived Address (PDA) derivation
- WSOL wrapping (converting SOL to wrapped SOL for SPL token operations)
- Volume tracking incentives integration
- Transaction simulation before sending
- Slippage protection mechanisms
"""

import asyncio
import os
import random
import struct
import sys

import base58
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClient
from solana.rpc.commitment import Confirmed
from solana.rpc.types import MemcmpOpts, TxOpts
from solders.compute_budget import set_compute_unit_limit, set_compute_unit_price
from solders.instruction import AccountMeta, Instruction
from solders.keypair import Keypair
from solders.message import Message
from solders.pubkey import Pubkey
from solders.system_program import TransferParams, transfer
from solders.transaction import VersionedTransaction
from spl.token.instructions import (
    SyncNativeParams,
    create_idempotent_associated_token_account,
    get_associated_token_address,
    sync_native,
)

sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

import tx_status  # noqa: E402

load_dotenv()

# ============================================================================
# Configuration
# ============================================================================

RPC_ENDPOINT = os.environ.get("SOLANA_NODE_RPC_ENDPOINT")

TOKEN_MINT = Pubkey.from_string(sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "...")  # Pass mint as argv[1]
PRIVATE_KEY = base58.b58decode(os.environ.get("SOLANA_PRIVATE_KEY"))
PAYER = Keypair.from_bytes(PRIVATE_KEY)
SLIPPAGE = 0.3  # 30% - maximum acceptable price movement during trade

# Token configuration
TOKEN_DECIMALS = 6  # Standard for most pump.fun tokens

# Program instruction discriminators (first 8 bytes identify the instruction)
BUY_DISCRIMINATOR = bytes.fromhex("66063d1201daebea")

# ============================================================================
# Solana Program IDs and System Accounts
# ============================================================================

SOL = Pubkey.from_string("So11111111111111111111111111111111111111112")
PUMP_AMM_PROGRAM_ID = Pubkey.from_string("pAMMBay6oceH9fJKBRHGP5D4bD4sWpmSwMn52FMfXEA")
PUMP_SWAP_GLOBAL_CONFIG = Pubkey.from_string(
    "ADyA8hdefvWN2dbGGWFotbzWxrAvLW83WG6QCVXvJKqw"
)
SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM = Pubkey.from_string("TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA")
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM = Pubkey.from_string("TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb")
SYSTEM_PROGRAM = Pubkey.from_string("11111111111111111111111111111111")
SYSTEM_ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_ACCOUNT_PROGRAM = Pubkey.from_string(
    "ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL"
)
PUMP_SWAP_EVENT_AUTHORITY = Pubkey.from_string(
    "GS4CU59F31iL7aR2Q8zVS8DRrcRnXX1yjQ66TqNVQnaR"
)
PUMP_FEE_PROGRAM = Pubkey.from_string("pfeeUxB6jkeY1Hxd7CsFCAjcbHA9rWtchMGdZ6VojVZ")

# 8 breaking-upgrade fee recipients (pump-swap program upgrade 2026-04-28).
# Two new accounts must be appended after pool-v2: the fee recipient (readonly)
# and its quote-mint ATA (mutable).
# Doc: github.com/pump-fun/pump-public-docs/blob/main/docs/BREAKING_FEE_RECIPIENT.md
BREAKING_FEE_RECIPIENTS = [
    Pubkey.from_string("5YxQFdt3Tr9zJLvkFccqXVUwhdTWJQc1fFg2YPbxvxeD"),
    Pubkey.from_string("9M4giFFMxmFGXtc3feFzRai56WbBqehoSeRE5GK7gf7"),
    Pubkey.from_string("GXPFM2caqTtQYC2cJ5yJRi9VDkpsYZXzYdwYpGnLmtDL"),
    Pubkey.from_string("3BpXnfJaUTiwXnJNe7Ej1rcbzqTTQUvLShZaWazebsVR"),
    Pubkey.from_string("5cjcW9wExnJJiqgLjq7DEG75Pm6JBgE1hNv4B2vHXUW6"),
    Pubkey.from_string("EHAAiTxcdDwQ3U4bU6YcMsQGaekdzLS3B5SmYo46kJtL"),
    Pubkey.from_string("5eHhjP8JaYkz83CWwvGU2uMUXefd3AazWGx4gpcuEEYD"),
    Pubkey.from_string("A7hAgCzFw14fejgCp387JUJRMNyz4j89JKnhtKU8piqW"),
]

# ============================================================================
# Constants for Account Structure Parsing
# ============================================================================

# Pool account structure offsets
POOL_DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE = 8
POOL_BASE_MINT_OFFSET = 43  # Where base_mint field starts in pool account data
POOL_MAYHEM_MODE_OFFSET = 243  # Where is_mayhem_mode flag is stored
POOL_IS_CASHBACK_OFFSET = 244
# virtual_quote_reserves is an i128 appended after the flags. Pool fields
# end at 261; live accounts are 301 bytes with trailing padding.
POOL_VIRTUAL_QUOTE_RESERVES_OFFSET = 245
POOL_VIRTUAL_QUOTE_RESERVES_SIZE = 16
POOL_MAYHEM_MODE_MIN_SIZE = 244  # Minimum size for pool data with mayhem flag

# GlobalConfig structure offsets
GLOBALCONFIG_DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE = 8
GLOBALCONFIG_ADMIN_SIZE = 32
GLOBALCONFIG_DEFAULT_FEE_RECIPIENT_SIZE = 32
GLOBALCONFIG_RESERVED_FEE_OFFSET = (
    GLOBALCONFIG_DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE
    + GLOBALCONFIG_ADMIN_SIZE
    + GLOBALCONFIG_DEFAULT_FEE_RECIPIENT_SIZE
)

# Fee recipients
STANDARD_PUMPSWAP_FEE_RECIPIENT = Pubkey.from_string(
    "7VtfL8fvgNfhz17qKRMjzQEXgbdpnHHHQRh54R9jP2RJ"
)

# Solana constants
LAMPORTS_PER_SOL = 1_000_000_000
COMPUTE_UNIT_PRICE = 10_000  # Micro-lamports per compute unit
COMPUTE_UNIT_BUDGET = 200_000  # Max compute units for transaction

# Buy-specific constants
PROTOCOL_FEE_BUFFER = 0.1  # 10% buffer for protocol fees when wrapping SOL
VOLUME_TRACKING_ENABLED = 1  # 1 = true, 0 = false


# ============================================================================
# Market Discovery
# ============================================================================


async def get_market_address_by_base_mint(
    client: AsyncClient, base_mint_address: Pubkey, amm_program_id: Pubkey
) -> Pubkey:
    """Find the AMM pool address for a specific token.

    Uses getProgramAccounts RPC method with a memcmp filter to find the pool
    that matches the given token mint address.

    Args:
        client: Solana RPC client
        base_mint_address: Token mint to find the pool for
        amm_program_id: PUMP AMM program address

    Returns:
        Address of the AMM pool (market) for the token
    """
    filters = [MemcmpOpts(offset=POOL_BASE_MINT_OFFSET, bytes=bytes(base_mint_address))]
    response = await client.get_program_accounts(
        amm_program_id, encoding="base64", filters=filters
    )
    return response.value[0].pubkey


async def get_market_data(client: AsyncClient, market_address: Pubkey) -> dict:
    """Parse binary pool account data into a structured dictionary.

    The pool account stores data in a specific binary format. This function
    deserializes that data based on the known structure.

    Args:
        client: Solana RPC client
        market_address: Address of the pool account

    Returns:
        Dictionary with parsed pool data fields
    """
    response = await client.get_account_info(market_address, encoding="base64")
    data = response.value.data
    parsed_data: dict = {}

    offset = POOL_DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE

    # Field definitions: (name, type)
    # Types: u8=1 byte, u16=2 bytes, u64/i64=8 bytes, pubkey=32 bytes
    fields = [
        ("pool_bump", "u8"),
        ("index", "u16"),
        ("creator", "pubkey"),
        ("base_mint", "pubkey"),
        ("quote_mint", "pubkey"),
        ("lp_mint", "pubkey"),
        ("pool_base_token_account", "pubkey"),
        ("pool_quote_token_account", "pubkey"),
        ("lp_supply", "u64"),
        ("coin_creator", "pubkey"),
        # Appended after coin_creator: is_mayhem_mode (243), is_cashback_coin
        # (244), then virtual_quote_reserves as an i128 at 245..261. Live pool
        # accounts are 301 bytes (fields end at 261, rest is padding).
        ("is_mayhem_mode", "u8"),
        ("is_cashback_coin", "u8"),
    ]

    for field_name, field_type in fields:
        if field_type == "pubkey":
            value = data[offset : offset + 32]
            parsed_data[field_name] = base58.b58encode(value).decode("utf-8")
            offset += 32
        elif field_type in {"u64", "i64"}:
            format_char = "<Q" if field_type == "u64" else "<q"
            parsed_data[field_name] = struct.unpack(
                format_char, data[offset : offset + 8]
            )[0]
            offset += 8
        elif field_type == "u16":
            parsed_data[field_name] = struct.unpack("<H", data[offset : offset + 2])[0]
            offset += 2
        elif field_type == "u8":
            parsed_data[field_name] = data[offset]
            offset += 1

    return parsed_data


# ============================================================================
# Program Derived Address (PDA) Derivation
# ============================================================================
# PDAs are deterministic addresses derived from seeds and a program ID.
# They allow programs to own accounts without needing a private key.


def find_coin_creator_vault(coin_creator: Pubkey) -> Pubkey:
    """Derive the PDA for the coin creator's fee vault.

    The creator vault collects fees on behalf of the token creator.
    This is a deterministic address that can be recalculated by anyone.

    Args:
        coin_creator: Public key of the token creator

    Returns:
        PDA of the creator's vault authority
    """
    derived_address, _ = Pubkey.find_program_address(
        [b"creator_vault", bytes(coin_creator)],
        PUMP_AMM_PROGRAM_ID,
    )
    return derived_address


def find_global_volume_accumulator() -> Pubkey:
    """Derive the PDA for the global volume accumulator.

    This account tracks total trading volume across all pools.
    Volume tracking is used for incentive programs and analytics.

    Returns:
        PDA of the global volume accumulator
    """
    derived_address, _ = Pubkey.find_program_address(
        [b"global_volume_accumulator"],
        PUMP_AMM_PROGRAM_ID,
    )
    return derived_address


def find_user_volume_accumulator(user: Pubkey) -> Pubkey:
    """Derive the PDA for a user's volume accumulator.

    Tracks individual user's trading volume, which may qualify them
    for incentives or rewards based on trading activity.

    Args:
        user: Public key of the user

    Returns:
        PDA of the user's volume accumulator
    """
    derived_address, _ = Pubkey.find_program_address(
        [b"user_volume_accumulator", bytes(user)],
        PUMP_AMM_PROGRAM_ID,
    )
    return derived_address


def find_fee_config() -> Pubkey:
    """Derive the PDA for the fee configuration account.

    This account stores fee-related configuration for the AMM.
    """
    derived_address, _ = Pubkey.find_program_address(
        [b"fee_config", bytes(PUMP_AMM_PROGRAM_ID)],
        PUMP_FEE_PROGRAM,
    )
    return derived_address


def find_pool_v2(base_mint: Pubkey) -> Pubkey:
    """Derive the PDA for the pool-v2 account (per-base-mint), required as the
    last "pre-upgrade" account on every pump-swap buy/sell."""
    derived_address, _ = Pubkey.find_program_address(
        [b"pool-v2", bytes(base_mint)],
        PUMP_AMM_PROGRAM_ID,
    )
    return derived_address


# ============================================================================
# Mayhem Mode Fee Handling
# ============================================================================
# Mayhem mode is a special fee structure where fees go to a different recipient.
# The fee recipient changes dynamically based on the pool's mayhem_mode flag.


async def get_reserved_fee_recipient_pumpswap(client: AsyncClient) -> Pubkey:
    """Fetch the mayhem mode fee recipient from GlobalConfig.

    When mayhem mode is active, fees are redirected to a special recipient
    stored in the GlobalConfig account.

    Args:
        client: Solana RPC client

    Returns:
        Public key of the mayhem mode fee recipient
    """
    response = await client.get_account_info(PUMP_SWAP_GLOBAL_CONFIG, encoding="base64")
    if not response.value or not response.value.data:
        msg = "Cannot fetch GlobalConfig account"
        raise ValueError(msg)

    data = response.value.data
    recipient_bytes = data[
        GLOBALCONFIG_RESERVED_FEE_OFFSET : GLOBALCONFIG_RESERVED_FEE_OFFSET + 32
    ]
    return Pubkey.from_bytes(recipient_bytes)


async def get_pumpswap_fee_recipients(
    client: AsyncClient, pool: Pubkey
) -> tuple[Pubkey, Pubkey, bool]:
    """Determine the correct fee recipient and whether the pool is cashback.

    Returns:
        Tuple of (fee_recipient_pubkey, fee_recipient_token_account, is_cashback)
    """
    response = await client.get_account_info(pool, encoding="base64")
    if not response.value or not response.value.data:
        msg = "Cannot fetch pool account"
        raise ValueError(msg)

    pool_data = response.value.data

    is_mayhem_mode = len(pool_data) >= POOL_MAYHEM_MODE_MIN_SIZE and bool(
        pool_data[POOL_MAYHEM_MODE_OFFSET]
    )
    is_cashback = len(pool_data) > POOL_IS_CASHBACK_OFFSET and bool(
        pool_data[POOL_IS_CASHBACK_OFFSET]
    )

    if is_mayhem_mode:
        fee_recipient = await get_reserved_fee_recipient_pumpswap(client)
    else:
        fee_recipient = STANDARD_PUMPSWAP_FEE_RECIPIENT

    fee_recipient_token_account = get_associated_token_address(
        fee_recipient, SOL, SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM
    )

    return (fee_recipient, fee_recipient_token_account, is_cashback)


# ============================================================================
# Price Calculation
# ============================================================================


async def read_virtual_quote_reserves(client: AsyncClient, pool: Pubkey) -> int:
    """Read Pool::virtual_quote_reserves, the field appended after the flags.

    Args:
        client: Solana RPC client
        pool: Pool (market) address

    Returns:
        Raw virtual quote reserves, or 0 if the account predates the field
    """
    response = await client.get_account_info(pool, encoding="base64")
    if not response.value or not response.value.data:
        return 0
    data = response.value.data
    end = POOL_VIRTUAL_QUOTE_RESERVES_OFFSET + POOL_VIRTUAL_QUOTE_RESERVES_SIZE
    if len(data) < end:
        return 0
    return int.from_bytes(
        data[POOL_VIRTUAL_QUOTE_RESERVES_OFFSET : end], "little", signed=True
    )


async def calculate_token_pool_price(
    client: AsyncClient,
    pool_base_token_account: Pubkey,
    pool_quote_token_account: Pubkey,
    virtual_quote_reserves: int = 0,
) -> float:
    """Calculate current token price from AMM pool reserves.

    Price is the ratio of *effective* quote reserves to base reserves:

        effective_quote_reserves =
            pool_quote_token_account.amount + Pool::virtual_quote_reserves

    PumpSwap added `virtual_quote_reserves` to the Pool account. Upstream's
    release note says it is 0 on every pool, but that is out of date: live pools
    carry non-zero values (17.58 SOL observed on a 148 SOL pool, i.e. quoting
    off the raw vault balance under-prices by ~10.6%). Always add it.

    Args:
        client: Solana RPC client
        pool_base_token_account: Pool's token account (the token being priced)
        pool_quote_token_account: Pool's quote account
        virtual_quote_reserves: Pool::virtual_quote_reserves, in raw quote units

    Returns:
        Price in quote asset per token
    """
    base_balance_resp = await client.get_token_account_balance(
        pool_base_token_account, commitment=Confirmed
    )
    quote_balance_resp = await client.get_token_account_balance(
        pool_quote_token_account
    )

    base_amount = float(base_balance_resp.value.ui_amount)
    quote_decimals = int(quote_balance_resp.value.decimals)
    quote_raw = int(quote_balance_resp.value.amount) + int(virtual_quote_reserves)
    quote_amount = quote_raw / 10**quote_decimals

    return quote_amount / base_amount


# ============================================================================
# Token Buying
# ============================================================================


async def get_token_program_id(client: AsyncClient, mint_address: Pubkey) -> Pubkey:
    """Determines if a mint uses TokenProgram or Token2022Program."""
    mint_info = await client.get_account_info(mint_address)

    if not mint_info.value:
        raise ValueError(f"Could not fetch mint info for {mint_address}")

    owner = mint_info.value.owner

    if owner == SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM:
        return SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM
    elif owner == TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM:
        return TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Mint account {mint_address} is owned by an unknown program: {owner}"
        )


async def buy_pump_swap(
    client: AsyncClient,
    market: Pubkey,
    payer: Keypair,
    base_mint: Pubkey,
    user_base_token_account: Pubkey,
    user_quote_token_account: Pubkey,
    pool_base_token_account: Pubkey,
    pool_quote_token_account: Pubkey,
    coin_creator_vault_authority: Pubkey,
    coin_creator_vault_ata: Pubkey,
    sol_amount_to_spend: float,
    slippage: float = 0.25,
) -> str | None:
    """Execute a token buy on the PUMP AMM with slippage protection.

    This function:
    1. Calculates expected token output based on current price
    2. Wraps SOL into WSOL (required for SPL token operations)
    3. Constructs and simulates the transaction
    4. Sends the buy transaction if simulation succeeds

    Why WSOL wrapping is needed:
    SPL tokens can only interact with other SPL tokens. Native SOL must be
    wrapped into WSOL (an SPL token representation of SOL) before trading.

    Args:
        client: Solana RPC client
        market: AMM pool address
        payer: Wallet keypair for signing
        base_mint: Token mint address
        user_base_token_account: User's token account (for receiving tokens)
        user_quote_token_account: User's WSOL account
        pool_base_token_account: Pool's token account
        pool_quote_token_account: Pool's WSOL account
        coin_creator_vault_authority: Creator vault PDA
        coin_creator_vault_ata: Creator's WSOL account
        sol_amount_to_spend: Amount of SOL to spend (in SOL, not lamports)
        slippage: Maximum acceptable slippage (0.25 = 25%)

    Returns:
        Transaction signature if successful, None otherwise
    """
    token_program_id = await get_token_program_id(client, base_mint)
    token_price_sol = await calculate_token_pool_price(
        client,
        pool_base_token_account,
        pool_quote_token_account,
        await read_virtual_quote_reserves(client, market),
    )
    print(f"Token price in SOL: {token_price_sol:.10f} SOL")

    # Calculate expected token amount and maximum SOL we're willing to spend
    base_amount_out = int((sol_amount_to_spend / token_price_sol) * 10**TOKEN_DECIMALS)
    max_sol_input = int((sol_amount_to_spend * (1 + slippage)) * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL)

    print(f"Buying {base_amount_out / (10**TOKEN_DECIMALS):.10f} tokens")
    print(f"Maximum SOL input: {max_sol_input / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL:.10f} SOL")

    # Derive volume accumulator PDAs for incentive tracking
    global_volume_accumulator = find_global_volume_accumulator()
    user_volume_accumulator = find_user_volume_accumulator(payer.pubkey())

    # Get fee recipient based on mayhem mode + detect cashback pool
    (
        fee_recipient,
        fee_recipient_token_account,
        is_cashback,
    ) = await get_pumpswap_fee_recipients(client, market)

    # WSOL ATA of user_volume_accumulator — only required for cashback pools.
    user_volume_accumulator_quote_ata = get_associated_token_address(
        user_volume_accumulator, SOL, SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM
    )

    # Build account list for buy instruction
    # Order matters! Must match the program's expected account layout
    accounts = [
        AccountMeta(pubkey=market, is_signer=False, is_writable=True),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=payer.pubkey(), is_signer=True, is_writable=True),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=PUMP_SWAP_GLOBAL_CONFIG, is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=base_mint, is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=SOL, is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=user_base_token_account, is_signer=False, is_writable=True),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=user_quote_token_account, is_signer=False, is_writable=True),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=pool_base_token_account, is_signer=False, is_writable=True),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=pool_quote_token_account, is_signer=False, is_writable=True),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=fee_recipient, is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
        AccountMeta(
            pubkey=fee_recipient_token_account, is_signer=False, is_writable=True
        ),
        AccountMeta(
            pubkey=token_program_id, is_signer=False, is_writable=False
        ),  # Use dynamic token_program_id
        AccountMeta(pubkey=SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM, is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=SYSTEM_PROGRAM, is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
        AccountMeta(
            pubkey=SYSTEM_ASSOCIATED_TOKEN_ACCOUNT_PROGRAM,
            is_signer=False,
            is_writable=False,
        ),
        AccountMeta(
            pubkey=PUMP_SWAP_EVENT_AUTHORITY, is_signer=False, is_writable=False
        ),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=PUMP_AMM_PROGRAM_ID, is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=coin_creator_vault_ata, is_signer=False, is_writable=True),
        AccountMeta(
            pubkey=coin_creator_vault_authority, is_signer=False, is_writable=False
        ),
        AccountMeta(
            pubkey=global_volume_accumulator, is_signer=False, is_writable=False
        ),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=user_volume_accumulator, is_signer=False, is_writable=True),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=find_fee_config(), is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=PUMP_FEE_PROGRAM, is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
    ]
    # Cashback pools require user_volume_accumulator_quote_ata (writable) BEFORE
    # pool-v2. Confirmed against on-chain post-cutover cashback buy
    # (sig 4JaWdExj6zzU3aGNWqNFhmtCyhbjRU3zLrsA3vASGu9krQrLjAfbBygP9i7yXmruSbuYn4StgMdMFBi22oQCfvjK).
    if is_cashback:
        accounts.append(
            AccountMeta(
                pubkey=user_volume_accumulator_quote_ata,
                is_signer=False,
                is_writable=True,
            )
        )
    # pool-v2 PDA (per-base-mint) — the last "pre-upgrade" account.
    accounts.append(
        AccountMeta(pubkey=find_pool_v2(base_mint), is_signer=False, is_writable=False)
    )
    # 2 accounts required by the 2026-04-28 pump-swap upgrade, appended AFTER
    # pool-v2: breaking-fee recipient (readonly) + its quote-mint ATA (mutable).
    # Buy counts: 26 non-cashback / 27 cashback.
    # Doc: github.com/pump-fun/pump-public-docs/blob/main/docs/BREAKING_FEE_RECIPIENT.md
    breaking_fee_recipient = random.choice(BREAKING_FEE_RECIPIENTS)
    breaking_fee_quote_ata = get_associated_token_address(
        breaking_fee_recipient, SOL, SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM
    )
    accounts.extend([
        AccountMeta(pubkey=breaking_fee_recipient, is_signer=False, is_writable=False),
        AccountMeta(pubkey=breaking_fee_quote_ata, is_signer=False, is_writable=True),
    ])

    # Instruction data format:
    # discriminator (8 bytes) + amount_out (8 bytes) + max_in (8 bytes) + track_volume (1 byte)
    # All integers are little-endian (<)
    data = (
        BUY_DISCRIMINATOR
        + struct.pack("<Q", base_amount_out)  # Expected token amount
        + struct.pack("<Q", max_sol_input)  # Maximum SOL to spend
        + struct.pack("<B", VOLUME_TRACKING_ENABLED)  # Enable volume tracking
    )

    # Set compute budget to avoid transaction failures
    compute_limit_ix = set_compute_unit_limit(COMPUTE_UNIT_BUDGET)
    compute_price_ix = set_compute_unit_price(COMPUTE_UNIT_PRICE)

    # Create WSOL account if it doesn't exist
    # Note: WSOL always uses the standard Token program, never Token2022
    create_wsol_ata_ix = create_idempotent_associated_token_account(
        payer.pubkey(),
        payer.pubkey(),
        SOL,
        SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM,  # WSOL always uses standard Token program
    )

    # Calculate amount to wrap (includes buffer for fees)
    wrap_amount = int(
        (sol_amount_to_spend * (1 + PROTOCOL_FEE_BUFFER)) * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
    )

    # Transfer SOL to WSOL account and sync
    # This converts native SOL to the SPL token version (WSOL)
    transfer_sol_ix = transfer(
        TransferParams(
            from_pubkey=payer.pubkey(),
            to_pubkey=user_quote_token_account,
            lamports=wrap_amount,
        )
    )
    sync_native_ix = sync_native(
        SyncNativeParams(
            SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM, user_quote_token_account
        )  # WSOL always uses standard Token program
    )

    # Create token account for receiving purchased tokens
    create_token_ata_ix = create_idempotent_associated_token_account(
        payer.pubkey(),
        payer.pubkey(),
        base_mint,
        token_program_id,  # Use dynamic token_program_id
    )

    buy_ix = Instruction(PUMP_AMM_PROGRAM_ID, data, accounts)

    # Build and sign transaction
    blockhash_resp = await client.get_latest_blockhash()
    msg = Message.new_with_blockhash(
        [
            compute_limit_ix,
            compute_price_ix,
            create_wsol_ata_ix,
            transfer_sol_ix,
            sync_native_ix,
            create_token_ata_ix,
            buy_ix,
        ],
        payer.pubkey(),
        blockhash_resp.value.blockhash,
    )
    tx = VersionedTransaction(message=msg, keypairs=[payer])

    # Simulate first to catch errors before sending
    simulation = await client.simulate_transaction(tx)
    if simulation.value.err:
        print(f"Simulation error: {simulation.value.err}")
        for log in (simulation.value.logs or []):
            print(f"  log: {log}")
        # NOTE: pump-swap may throw AnchorError 6023 (Overflow) at buy.rs:400 on
        # the dynamic creator-fee calc for some pools. The script's account list
        # matches the IDL — the error is from the program itself, likely related
        # to the 2026-03 dynamic-fee overhaul. Pending investigation.
        return None

    print(
        f"Simulation successful, compute units used: {simulation.value.units_consumed}"
    )

    try:
        # Skip preflight since we already simulated (faster execution)
        tx_sig = await client.send_transaction(
            tx, opts=TxOpts(skip_preflight=True, preflight_commitment=Confirmed)
        )
        tx_hash = tx_sig.value
        print(f"Transaction sent: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/{tx_hash}")

        await tx_status.confirm_and_assert(client, tx_hash)
        print("Transaction confirmed")
        return tx_hash
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {e!s}")
        return None


# ============================================================================
# Main Execution
# ============================================================================


async def main() -> None:
    """Execute the complete buy flow."""
    sol_amount_to_spend = 0.001  # Amount of SOL to spend on the purchase

    async with AsyncClient(RPC_ENDPOINT, timeout=120) as client:
        # Step 1: Find the pool address for our token
        market_address = await get_market_address_by_base_mint(
            client, TOKEN_MINT, PUMP_AMM_PROGRAM_ID
        )

        # Step 2: Parse pool data to get necessary accounts
        market_data = await get_market_data(client, market_address)

        # Determine token program ID for the base mint
        token_program_id = await get_token_program_id(client, TOKEN_MINT)

        # Step 3: Derive PDAs needed for the transaction
        coin_creator_vault_authority = find_coin_creator_vault(
            Pubkey.from_string(market_data["coin_creator"])
        )
        coin_creator_vault_ata = get_associated_token_address(
            coin_creator_vault_authority, SOL, SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM
        )

        # Step 4: Execute the buy
        await buy_pump_swap(
            client,
            market_address,
            PAYER,
            TOKEN_MINT,
            get_associated_token_address(PAYER.pubkey(), TOKEN_MINT, token_program_id),
            get_associated_token_address(PAYER.pubkey(), SOL, SYSTEM_TOKEN_PROGRAM),
            Pubkey.from_string(market_data["pool_base_token_account"]),
            Pubkey.from_string(market_data["pool_quote_token_account"]),
            coin_creator_vault_authority,
            coin_creator_vault_ata,
            sol_amount_to_spend,
            SLIPPAGE,
        )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())