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wip(core): dynamic idl parser
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"""
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IDL Parser module for Solana programs.
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Provides functionality to load and parse Anchor IDL files and decode instruction data.
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"""
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import json
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import struct
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from typing import Any
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import base58
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# Constants for Anchor data layout
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DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE = 8
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PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE = 32
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STRING_LENGTH_PREFIX_SIZE = 4
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ENUM_DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE = 1
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class IDLParser:
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"""Parser for automatically decoding instructions using IDL definitions."""
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# A single source of truth for primitive type information, mapping the type name
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# to its struct format character and size in bytes.
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_PRIMITIVE_TYPE_INFO = {
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# type_name: (format_char, size_in_bytes)
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'u8': ('<B', 1),
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'u16': ('<H', 2),
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'u32': ('<I', 4),
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'u64': ('<Q', 8),
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'i8': ('<b', 1),
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'i16': ('<h', 2),
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'i32': ('<i', 4),
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'i64': ('<q', 8),
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'bool': ('<?', 1),
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'pubkey': (None, PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE),
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'string': (None, STRING_LENGTH_PREFIX_SIZE), # Min size is for the length prefix
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}
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def __init__(self, idl_path: str, verbose: bool = False):
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"""
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Initialize the IDL parser.
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Args:
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idl_path: Path to the IDL JSON file
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verbose: Whether to print debug information during initialization
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"""
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self.verbose = verbose
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with open(idl_path) as f:
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self.idl = json.load(f)
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self.instructions: dict[bytes, dict[str, Any]] = {}
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self.types: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
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self.instruction_min_sizes: dict[bytes, int] = {}
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self._build_instruction_map()
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self._build_type_map()
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self._calculate_instruction_sizes()
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Public Methods (External API)
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def get_instruction_discriminators(self) -> dict[str, bytes]:
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"""Get a mapping of instruction names to their discriminators."""
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return {instr['name']: disc for disc, instr in self.instructions.items()}
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def get_instruction_names(self) -> list[str]:
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"""Get a list of all available instruction names."""
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return [instr['name'] for instr in self.instructions.values()]
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def validate_instruction_data_length(self, ix_data: bytes, discriminator: bytes) -> bool:
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"""Validate that instruction data meets minimum length requirements."""
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if discriminator not in self.instruction_min_sizes:
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return True # Allow if we don't know the expected size
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expected_min_size = self.instruction_min_sizes[discriminator]
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actual_size = len(ix_data)
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if actual_size < expected_min_size:
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instruction_name = self.instructions[discriminator]['name']
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if self.verbose:
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print(
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f"⚠️ Instruction data for '{instruction_name}' is shorter than the expected minimum "
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f"({actual_size}/{expected_min_size} bytes)."
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)
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return False
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return True
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def decode_instruction(self, ix_data: bytes, keys: list[bytes], accounts: list[int]) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
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"""Decode instruction data using IDL definitions."""
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if len(ix_data) < DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE:
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return None
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discriminator = ix_data[:DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE]
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if discriminator not in self.instructions:
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return None
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if not self.validate_instruction_data_length(ix_data, discriminator):
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return None
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instruction = self.instructions[discriminator]
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data_args = ix_data[DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE:]
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# Decode instruction arguments
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args = {}
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decode_offset = 0
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for arg in instruction.get('args', []):
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try:
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value, decode_offset = self._decode_type(data_args, decode_offset, arg['type'])
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args[arg['name']] = value
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except Exception as e:
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if self.verbose:
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print(f"❌ Decode error in argument '{arg['name']}': {e}")
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return None
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# Helper to safely retrieve account public keys
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def get_account_key(index: int) -> str | None:
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if index < len(accounts):
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account_index = accounts[index]
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if account_index < len(keys):
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return base58.b58encode(keys[account_index]).decode('utf-8')
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return None # Return None for invalid indices
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# Build account info based on instruction definition
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account_info = {}
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instruction_accounts = instruction.get('accounts', [])
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for i, account_def in enumerate(instruction_accounts):
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account_info[account_def['name']] = get_account_key(i)
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return {
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'instruction_name': instruction['name'],
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'args': args,
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'accounts': account_info
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}
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def decode_account_data(self, account_data: bytes, account_type_name: str, skip_discriminator: bool = True) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
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"""
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Decode account data using a specific account type from the IDL.
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Args:
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account_data: Raw account data bytes.
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account_type_name: Name of the account type in the IDL (e.g., "MyAccount").
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skip_discriminator: Whether to skip the first 8 bytes, which Anchor uses as a
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type discriminator for account data. Set to False if your
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data does not have this prefix.
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Returns:
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Decoded account data as a dictionary, or None if decoding fails.
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"""
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try:
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if account_type_name not in self.types:
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if self.verbose:
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print(f"Account type '{account_type_name}' not found in IDL")
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return None
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data = account_data
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if skip_discriminator:
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if len(account_data) < DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE:
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if self.verbose:
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print(f"Account data too short to contain a discriminator: {len(account_data)} bytes")
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return None
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data = account_data[DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE:]
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decoded_data, _ = self._decode_defined_type(data, 0, account_type_name)
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return decoded_data
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except Exception as e:
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if self.verbose:
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print(f"Error decoding account data for {account_type_name}: {e}")
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return None
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Internal Helper Methods
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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def _build_instruction_map(self):
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"""Build a map of discriminators to instruction definitions."""
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for instruction in self.idl.get('instructions', []):
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# The discriminator from the JSON IDL is a list of u8 integers.
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discriminator = bytes(instruction['discriminator'])
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self.instructions[discriminator] = instruction
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def _build_type_map(self):
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"""Build a map of type names to their definitions."""
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for type_def in self.idl.get('types', []):
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self.types[type_def['name']] = type_def
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def _calculate_instruction_sizes(self):
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"""Calculate minimum data sizes for each instruction."""
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for discriminator, instruction in self.instructions.items():
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try:
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min_size = DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE
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for arg in instruction.get('args', []):
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min_size += self._calculate_type_min_size(arg['type'])
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self.instruction_min_sizes[discriminator] = min_size
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if self.verbose and instruction['name'] == 'initialize':
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print(f"📏 Initialize instruction min size: {min_size} bytes")
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except Exception as e:
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if self.verbose:
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print(f"⚠️ Could not calculate size for {instruction['name']}: {e}")
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self.instruction_min_sizes[discriminator] = DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE
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def _calculate_type_min_size(self, type_def: str | dict) -> int:
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"""Calculate minimum size in bytes for a type definition."""
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if isinstance(type_def, str):
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return self._get_primitive_size(type_def)
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if isinstance(type_def, dict):
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if 'defined' in type_def:
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type_name = self._get_defined_type_name(type_def)
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return self._calculate_defined_type_min_size(type_name)
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if 'array' in type_def:
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element_type, array_length = type_def['array']
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element_size = self._calculate_type_min_size(element_type)
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return element_size * array_length
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raise ValueError(f"Invalid or unknown type definition for size calculation: {type_def}")
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def _get_primitive_size(self, type_name: str) -> int:
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"""Get size in bytes for primitive types from the central map."""
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info = self._PRIMITIVE_TYPE_INFO.get(type_name)
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return info[1] if info else 0
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def _get_defined_type_name(self, type_def: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
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"""Extracts the type name from a 'defined' type, handling old and new IDL formats."""
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defined_value = type_def['defined']
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# New format: {'defined': {'name': 'MyType'}}
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# Old format: {'defined': 'MyType'}
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return defined_value['name'] if isinstance(defined_value, dict) else defined_value
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def _calculate_defined_type_min_size(self, type_name: str) -> int:
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"""Calculate minimum size for user-defined types (structs and enums)."""
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if type_name not in self.types:
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raise ValueError(f"Unknown defined type: {type_name}")
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type_def = self.types[type_name]['type']
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if type_def['kind'] == 'struct':
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return sum(self._calculate_type_min_size(field['type']) for field in type_def['fields'])
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if type_def['kind'] == 'enum':
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# The size of an enum is its discriminator plus the size of its LARGEST variant,
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# as the data layout must accommodate any possible variant.
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max_variant_size = 0
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for variant in type_def['variants']:
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variant_size = 0
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for field in variant.get('fields', []):
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# A field can be a type string/dict (tuple variant) or a dict with a 'type' key (struct variant)
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field_type = field['type'] if isinstance(field, dict) else field
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variant_size += self._calculate_type_min_size(field_type)
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max_variant_size = max(max_variant_size, variant_size)
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return ENUM_DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE + max_variant_size
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raise ValueError(f"Unsupported type kind for size calculation: {type_def['kind']}")
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def _decode_type(self, data: bytes, offset: int, type_def: str | dict) -> tuple[Any, int]:
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"""Decode a value based on its type definition."""
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if isinstance(type_def, str):
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return self._decode_primitive(data, offset, type_def)
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if isinstance(type_def, dict):
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if 'defined' in type_def:
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type_name = self._get_defined_type_name(type_def)
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return self._decode_defined_type(data, offset, type_name)
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if 'array' in type_def:
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return self._decode_array(data, offset, type_def['array'])
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raise ValueError(f"Invalid or unknown type definition for decoding: {type_def}")
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def _decode_array(self, data: bytes, offset: int, array_def: list) -> tuple[list[Any], int]:
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"""Decode fixed-size array types."""
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element_type, array_length = array_def
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array_data = []
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for _ in range(array_length):
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value, offset = self._decode_type(data, offset, element_type)
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array_data.append(value)
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return array_data, offset
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def _decode_primitive(self, data: bytes, offset: int, type_name: str) -> tuple[Any, int]:
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"""Decode primitive types."""
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if type_name not in self._PRIMITIVE_TYPE_INFO:
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raise ValueError(f"Unknown primitive type: {type_name}")
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if type_name == 'string':
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length = struct.unpack_from('<I', data, offset)[0]
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offset += STRING_LENGTH_PREFIX_SIZE
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value = data[offset:offset + length].decode('utf-8')
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return value, offset + length
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if type_name == 'pubkey':
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end = offset + PUBLIC_KEY_SIZE
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value = base58.b58encode(data[offset:end]).decode('utf-8')
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return value, end
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# Handle all numeric and bool types from the map
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fmt, size = self._PRIMITIVE_TYPE_INFO[type_name]
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value = struct.unpack_from(fmt, data, offset)[0]
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return value, offset + size
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def _decode_defined_type(self, data: bytes, offset: int, type_name: str) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], int]:
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"""Decode user-defined types (structs and enums)."""
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if type_name not in self.types:
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raise ValueError(f"Unknown defined type: {type_name}")
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type_def = self.types[type_name]['type']
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if type_def['kind'] == 'struct':
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struct_data = {}
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for field in type_def['fields']:
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value, offset = self._decode_type(data, offset, field['type'])
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struct_data[field['name']] = value
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return struct_data, offset
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if type_def['kind'] == 'enum':
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variant_index = struct.unpack_from('<B', data, offset)[0]
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offset += ENUM_DISCRIMINATOR_SIZE
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variants = type_def['variants']
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if variant_index >= len(variants):
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raise ValueError(f"Invalid enum variant index {variant_index} for type {type_name}")
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variant = variants[variant_index]
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result = {"variant": variant['name']}
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variant_fields = variant.get('fields', [])
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if variant_fields:
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# Check if it's a struct variant (fields are dicts) or tuple variant (fields are strings/dicts)
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if isinstance(variant_fields[0], dict):
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struct_data = {}
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for field in variant_fields:
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value, offset = self._decode_type(data, offset, field['type'])
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struct_data[field['name']] = value
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result['data'] = struct_data
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else: # Tuple variant
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tuple_data = []
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for field_type in variant_fields:
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value, offset = self._decode_type(data, offset, field_type)
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tuple_data.append(value)
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result['data'] = tuple_data
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return result, offset
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raise ValueError(f"Unsupported type kind for decoding: {type_def['kind']}")
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def load_idl_parser(idl_path: str, verbose: bool = False) -> IDLParser:
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"""
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Convenience function to load an IDL parser.
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Args:
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idl_path: Path to the IDL JSON file
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verbose: Whether to print debug information
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Returns:
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Initialized IDLParser instance
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"""
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return IDLParser(idl_path, verbose)
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