# MathExpm1

Returns the value of the expression MathExp(x)-1.

```
double  MathExpm1(
   double  value      // power for the number e
   );

```

Parameters

value

[in]  The number specifying the power.

Return Value

A value of the double type. In case of overflow the function returns INF (infinity), in case of underflow MathExpm1 returns 0.

Note

At values of x close to 0, the MathExpm1(x) function generates much more accurate values than the MathExp(x)-1 function.

Instead of the MathExpm1() function you can use the expm1() function.

Example:

```
#define GRAPH_WIDTH  750
#define GRAPH_HEIGHT 350
 
#include <Graphics\Graphic.mqh>
 
CGraphic ExtGraph;
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Script program start function                                    |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void OnStart()
  {
//--- get 9 values from 0 to 8 with step 1
   vector X(9,VectorArange);
   Print("vector X = \n",X);
//--- calculate the ("e"(Euler number) to the power of each X vector value) - 1
   X=MathExpm1(X);
   Print("MathExpm1(X) = \n",X);
   
//--- transfer the calculated values from the vector to the array
   double y_array[];
   X.Swap(y_array);
 
//--- draw a graph of the calculated vector values
   CurvePlot(y_array,clrDodgerBlue);
 
//--- wait for pressing the Escape or PgDn keys to delete the graph (take a screenshot) and exit
   while(!IsStopped())
     {
      if(StopKeyPressed())
         break;
      Sleep(16);
     }
 
//--- clean up
   ExtGraph.Destroy();
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Fill a vector with 'value' in 'step' increments                  |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
template<typename T> 
void VectorArange(vector<T> &vec,T value=0.0,T step=1.0) 
  { 
   for(ulong i=0; i<vec.Size(); i++,value+=step) 
      vec[i]=value; 
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| When pressing ESC, return 'true'                                 |
//| When pressing PgDn, take a graph screenshot and return 'true'    |
//| Otherwise, return 'false'                                        |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
bool StopKeyPressed()
  {
//--- if ESC is pressed, return 'true'
   if(TerminalInfoInteger(TERMINAL_KEYSTATE_ESCAPE)!=0)
      return(true);
//--- if PgDn is pressed and a graph screenshot is successfully taken, return 'true'
   if(TerminalInfoInteger(TERMINAL_KEYSTATE_PAGEDOWN)!=0 && MakeAndSaveScreenshot(MQLInfoString(MQL_PROGRAM_NAME)+"_Screenshot"))
      return(true);
//--- return 'false' 
   return(false);
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Create a graph object and draw a curve                           |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
void CurvePlot(double &x_array[], double &y_array[], const color colour)
  {
   ExtGraph.Create(ChartID(), "Graphic", 0, 0, 0, GRAPH_WIDTH, GRAPH_HEIGHT);
   ExtGraph.CurveAdd(x_array, y_array, ColorToARGB(colour), CURVE_LINES);
   ExtGraph.IndentUp(30);
   ExtGraph.CurvePlotAll();
   string text1="Press ESC to delete the graph and stop the script, or";
   string text2="Press PgDn to create a screen, delete the graph and stop the script";
   ExtGraph.TextAdd(54, 9, text1, ColorToARGB(clrBlack));
   ExtGraph.TextAdd(54,21, text2, ColorToARGB(clrBlack));
   ExtGraph.Update();
  }
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Take a screenshot and save the image to a file                   |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
bool MakeAndSaveScreenshot(const string file_name)
  {
   string file_names[];
   ResetLastError();
   int selected=FileSelectDialog("Save Picture", NULL, "All files (*.*)|*.*", FSD_WRITE_FILE, file_names, file_name+".png");
   if(selected<1)
     {
      if(selected<0)
         PrintFormat("%s: FileSelectDialog() function returned error %d", __FUNCTION__, GetLastError());
      return false;
     }
   
   bool res=false;
   if(ChartSetInteger(0,CHART_SHOW,false))
      res=ChartScreenShot(0, file_names[0], GRAPH_WIDTH, GRAPH_HEIGHT);
   ChartSetInteger(0,CHART_SHOW,true);
   return(res);
  }

```

Result:

![See also](pics/mathexpm1_screenshot.png)

See also

[Real types (double, float)](/en/docs/basis/types/double), [Statistics](/en/docs/standardlibrary/mathematics/stat), [Scientific Charts](/en/docs/standardlibrary/graphics), [Client Terminal Properties](/en/docs/constants/environment_state/terminalstatus)