devx: add a repo-managed pre-push CI gate

Add a versioned pre-push runner that mirrors the basic required CI suites we can execute locally, including version/changelog checks, Rust fmt/clippy/core checks, Python lint/typecheck/tests, docs, and the WASM gate.

Wire the runner into pre-commit at the pre-push stage, add make prepush and make hooks for manual use and hook installation, and document the workflow in the contribution guides.

Also add pre-commit to the development dependency set and refresh uv.lock so a synced dev environment can install and run the hook reproducibly.

pyproject.toml

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ dev = [
     "hypothesis>=6.0",
     "pandas>=1.0",
     "polars>=0.19",
+    "pre-commit>=3.0",
     "ruff>=0.3",
     "mypy>=1.0",
     "pyright>=1.1",
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ dev = [
     "hypothesis>=6.0",
     "pandas>=1.0",
     "polars>=0.19",
+    "pre-commit>=3.0",
     "ruff>=0.3",
     "mypy>=1.0",
     "pyright>=1.1",