#%% from math import sqrt from numpy import concatenate import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot from pandas import read_csv from pandas import DataFrame from pandas import concat from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense from keras.layers import LSTM #%% # convert series to supervised learning def series_to_supervised(data, n_in=1, n_out=1, dropnan=True): n_vars = 1 if type(data) is list else data.shape[1] df = DataFrame(data) cols, names = list(), list() # input sequence (t-n, ... t-1) for i in range(n_in, 0, -1): cols.append(df.shift(i)) names += [('var%d(t-%d)' % (j+1, i)) for j in range(n_vars)] # forecast sequence (t, t+1, ... t+n) for i in range(0, n_out): cols.append(df.shift(-i)) if i == 0: names += [('var%d(t)' % (j+1)) for j in range(n_vars)] else: names += [('var%d(t+%d)' % (j+1, i)) for j in range(n_vars)] # put it all together agg = concat(cols, axis=1) agg.columns = names # drop rows with NaN values if dropnan: agg.dropna(inplace=True) return agg #%% load dataset from load_data import load_files data = load_files('data/', True) data.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True) data = data[[column for column in data.columns if not column.endswith('volume')]] data = data[["BTC_returns", "BTC_vol_10"]] values = data.values # ensure all data is float # values = values.astype('float32') #%% np.isposinf(values).sum() #%% normalize features scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(-1, 1)) scaled = scaler.fit_transform(values) # specify the number of lag hours past = 10 n_features = 8 #%% frame as supervised learning reframed = series_to_supervised(scaled, past, 1) print(reframed.shape) #%% split into train and test sets values = reframed.values n_train_hours = 365 * 24 train = values[:n_train_hours, :] test = values[n_train_hours:, :] # split into input and outputs n_obs = past * n_features train_X, train_y = train[:, :n_obs], train[:, -n_features] test_X, test_y = test[:, :n_obs], test[:, -n_features] print(train_X.shape, len(train_X), train_y.shape) # reshape input to be 3D [samples, timesteps, features] train_X = train_X.reshape((train_X.shape[0], past, n_features)) test_X = test_X.reshape((test_X.shape[0], past, n_features)) print(train_X.shape, train_y.shape, test_X.shape, test_y.shape) #%% design network model = Sequential() model.add(LSTM(50, input_shape=(train_X.shape[1], train_X.shape[2]))) model.add(Dense(1)) model.compile(loss='mae', optimizer='adam') #%% fit network history = model.fit(train_X, train_y, epochs=50, batch_size=72, validation_data=(test_X, test_y), verbose=2, shuffle=False) # plot history pyplot.plot(history.history['loss'], label='train') pyplot.plot(history.history['val_loss'], label='test') pyplot.legend() pyplot.show() # make a prediction yhat = model.predict(test_X) test_X = test_X.reshape((test_X.shape[0], n_hours*n_features)) # invert scaling for forecast inv_yhat = concatenate((yhat, test_X[:, -7:]), axis=1) inv_yhat = scaler.inverse_transform(inv_yhat) inv_yhat = inv_yhat[:,0] # invert scaling for actual test_y = test_y.reshape((len(test_y), 1)) inv_y = concatenate((test_y, test_X[:, -7:]), axis=1) inv_y = scaler.inverse_transform(inv_y) inv_y = inv_y[:,0] # calculate RMSE rmse = sqrt(mean_squared_error(inv_y, inv_yhat)) print('Test RMSE: %.3f' % rmse)