#!meta

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#!markdown

# Exponential Moving Average (EMA) Examples

This is a **.NET Interactive** notebook. To run it, you need the [Polyglot Notebooks](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-dotnettools.dotnet-interactive-vscode) extension installed in VS Code.

For detailed documentation on the EMA indicator, including mathematical formulas and interpretation, please refer to [Ema.md](Ema.md).

The **Exponential Moving Average (EMA)** is a weighted moving average that gives more importance to recent price data. Unlike the Simple Moving Average (SMA), which assigns equal weight to all data points, the EMA reacts more significantly to recent price changes.

This notebook demonstrates:
1.  **Manual Data Processing**: Understanding Batch vs. Streaming modes.
2.  **Streaming with `isNew`**: Handling intra-bar updates.
3.  **Large Dataset Processing**: Using Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) generated data.
4.  **Vectorized Operations**: Calculating multiple EMAs simultaneously.

#!csharp

// Reference the library
#r "..\..\bin\QuanTAlib.dll"

using System;
using System.Linq;
using QuanTAlib;

// Helper to print TSeries
void PrintSeries(TSeries series, int count = 5)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Series Length: {series.Count}");
    foreach (var item in series.Take(count))
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"Time: {item.Time:HH:mm:ss}, Value: {item.Value:F2}");
    }
    if (series.Count > count) Console.WriteLine("...");
}

#!markdown

## 1. Manual Data: Batch vs. Streaming

We'll start with a small, manually created dataset to clearly see how Batch and Streaming operations work.

### Batch Processing
Batch processing calculates the EMA for the entire dataset at once. This is efficient for historical analysis.

#!csharp

// Create a small manual dataset
var manualData = new TSeries();
manualData.Add(DateTime.Now, 100.0);
manualData.Add(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(1), 102.0);
manualData.Add(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(2), 101.0);
manualData.Add(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(3), 103.0);
manualData.Add(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(4), 105.0);

Console.WriteLine("--- Input Data ---");
PrintSeries(manualData, 5);

// Batch Calculation
Console.WriteLine("\n--- Batch EMA (Period 3) ---");
var emaBatch = new Ema(3);
var resultBatch = emaBatch.Update(manualData);

PrintSeries(resultBatch, 5);

#!markdown

### Streaming Processing
Streaming processing updates the EMA one data point at a time. This is essential for real-time trading systems where data arrives sequentially.

#!csharp

Console.WriteLine("\n--- Streaming EMA (Period 3) ---");
var emaStream = new Ema(3);

foreach (var item in manualData)
{
    var result = emaStream.Update(item);
    Console.WriteLine($"Time: {item.Time:HH:mm:ss}, Input: {item.Value:F2}, EMA: {result.Value:F2}, IsHot: {emaStream.IsHot}");
}

// Verify that the last values match
var batchLast = resultBatch.Last().Value;
var streamLast = emaStream.Value.Value;
Console.WriteLine($"\nMatch: {Math.Abs(batchLast - streamLast) < 1e-10} (Batch: {batchLast:F2}, Stream: {streamLast:F2})");

#!markdown

## 2. Streaming with `isNew` (Intra-bar Updates)

In real-time feeds, you often receive multiple updates for the *same* bar (e.g., price changes within the current minute) before the bar closes.
*   `isNew = true`: The input is a new bar (advances time).
*   `isNew = false`: The input is an update to the current bar (recalculates without advancing).

#!csharp

Console.WriteLine("\n--- Streaming with Intra-bar Updates ---");
var emaIntra = new Ema(3);

// 1. Process the first 4 bars normally
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
    emaIntra.Update(manualData[i]);
}
Console.WriteLine($"After 4th bar: {emaIntra.Value.Value:F2}");

// 2. Simulate intra-bar updates for the 5th bar (Final value is 105.0)
// Update 1: Price moves to 104.0
var update1 = new TValue(manualData[4].Time, 104.0);
emaIntra.Update(update1, isNew: true); // First update for this bar is "New"
Console.WriteLine($"Update 1 (104.0): {emaIntra.Value.Value:F2}");

// Update 2: Price moves to 106.0 (Same time, same bar)
var update2 = new TValue(manualData[4].Time, 106.0);
emaIntra.Update(update2, isNew: false); // Not new, just an update
Console.WriteLine($"Update 2 (106.0): {emaIntra.Value.Value:F2}");

// Update 3: Final Close at 105.0
var update3 = manualData[4];
emaIntra.Update(update3, isNew: false); // Final update
Console.WriteLine($"Update 3 (105.0): {emaIntra.Value.Value:F2}");

// Verify match with batch result
Console.WriteLine($"Match with Batch: {Math.Abs(emaIntra.Value.Value - batchLast) < 1e-10}");

#!markdown

## 3. Large Dataset: Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM)

We'll generate a larger dataset (1000 bars) using a Geometric Brownian Motion generator to simulate realistic market data.

#!csharp

// Generate 1000 bars of data
var gbm = new GBM(startPrice: 100.0, mu: 0.05, sigma: 0.2);
var gbmData = gbm.Fetch(1000, DateTime.Now.Ticks, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
var closeSeries = gbmData.Close;

Console.WriteLine($"Generated {closeSeries.Count} bars of GBM data.");
Console.WriteLine($"First 5 values: {string.Join(", ", closeSeries.Take(5).Select(x => x.Value.ToString("F2")))}");

#!markdown

### Batch vs. Streaming Performance on Large Data

#!csharp

// Batch
var emaLargeBatch = new Ema(20);
var batchLargeResult = emaLargeBatch.Update(closeSeries);
Console.WriteLine($"Batch Last Value: {batchLargeResult.Last().Value:F2}");

// Streaming
var emaLargeStream = new Ema(20);
TValue lastStreamVal = default;
foreach(var item in closeSeries)
{
    lastStreamVal = emaLargeStream.Update(item);
}
Console.WriteLine($"Streaming Last Value: {lastStreamVal.Value:F2}");

#!markdown

## 4. Vectorized EMA (Multiple Periods)

`EmaVector` allows calculating multiple EMAs (e.g., 9, 12, 26) simultaneously. This is optimized for performance using SIMD where available.

### Vectorized Batch

#!csharp

int[] periods = { 9, 12, 26 };
Console.WriteLine($"\n--- Vectorized Batch EMA (Periods: {string.Join(", ", periods)}) ---");

var emaVectorBatch = new EmaVector(periods);
var vectorBatchResults = emaVectorBatch.Calculate(closeSeries);

for (int i = 0; i < periods.Length; i++)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"EMA({periods[i]}) Last Value: {vectorBatchResults[i].Last().Value:F2}");
}

#!markdown

### Vectorized Streaming

#!csharp

Console.WriteLine($"\n--- Vectorized Streaming EMA (Periods: {string.Join(", ", periods)}) ---");

var emaVectorStream = new EmaVector(periods);
TValue[] lastVectorVal = null;

foreach(var item in closeSeries)
{
    lastVectorVal = emaVectorStream.Update(item);
}

for (int i = 0; i < periods.Length; i++)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"EMA({periods[i]}) Last Value: {lastVectorVal[i].Value:F2}");
}

// Verification
bool allMatch = true;
for (int i = 0; i < periods.Length; i++)
{
    if (Math.Abs(vectorBatchResults[i].Last().Value - lastVectorVal[i].Value) > 1e-10)
    {
        allMatch = false;
        break;
    }
}
Console.WriteLine($"\nAll Vectorized Stream/Batch values match: {allMatch}");

#!markdown

## 5. Handling Invalid Values (NaN/Infinity)

Both `Ema` and `EmaVector` use **last-value substitution** for invalid inputs. When a non-finite value (NaN, PositiveInfinity, NegativeInfinity) is encountered, it is replaced with the last valid value. This provides output continuity instead of propagating invalid values through the calculation.

#!csharp

Console.WriteLine("\n--- Handling Invalid Values ---");

// Single EMA
var emaNaN = new Ema(10);

// Feed valid values first
emaNaN.Update(new TValue(DateTime.Now, 100.0));
emaNaN.Update(new TValue(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(1), 110.0));
Console.WriteLine($"After valid values: {emaNaN.Value.Value:F2}");

// Feed NaN - should use last valid value (110)
var resultAfterNaN = emaNaN.Update(new TValue(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(2), double.NaN));
Console.WriteLine($"After NaN input: {resultAfterNaN.Value:F2} (IsFinite: {double.IsFinite(resultAfterNaN.Value)})");

// Feed Infinity - should use last valid value (110)
var resultAfterInf = emaNaN.Update(new TValue(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(3), double.PositiveInfinity));
Console.WriteLine($"After Infinity input: {resultAfterInf.Value:F2} (IsFinite: {double.IsFinite(resultAfterInf.Value)})");

// Continue with valid value
var resultAfterValid = emaNaN.Update(new TValue(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(4), 120.0));
Console.WriteLine($"After valid value (120): {resultAfterValid.Value:F2}");

#!csharp

Console.WriteLine("\n--- Batch Processing with Invalid Values ---");

// Create series with NaN values interspersed
var seriesWithNaN = new TSeries();
seriesWithNaN.Add(DateTime.Now.Ticks, 100.0);
seriesWithNaN.Add(DateTime.Now.Ticks + 1, 110.0);
seriesWithNaN.Add(DateTime.Now.Ticks + 2, double.NaN);
seriesWithNaN.Add(DateTime.Now.Ticks + 3, 120.0);
seriesWithNaN.Add(DateTime.Now.Ticks + 4, double.PositiveInfinity);
seriesWithNaN.Add(DateTime.Now.Ticks + 5, 130.0);

var emaBatchNaN = new Ema(3);
var resultsWithNaN = emaBatchNaN.Update(seriesWithNaN);

Console.WriteLine("Input → Output:");
for (int i = 0; i < seriesWithNaN.Count; i++)
{
    var input = seriesWithNaN[i].Value;
    var output = resultsWithNaN[i].Value;
    var inputStr = double.IsFinite(input) ? input.ToString("F2") : input.ToString();
    Console.WriteLine($"  {inputStr,-10} → {output:F2} (IsFinite: {double.IsFinite(output)})");
}

#!csharp

Console.WriteLine("\n--- Vectorized EMA with Invalid Values ---");

int[] periodsNaN = { 5, 10 };
var emaVectorNaN = new EmaVector(periodsNaN);

// Feed values including invalid ones
var inputsNaN = new double[] { 100, 110, double.NaN, 120, double.PositiveInfinity, 130 };
var time = DateTime.Now;

foreach (var val in inputsNaN)
{
    var results = emaVectorNaN.Update(new TValue(time, val));
    var inputStr = double.IsFinite(val) ? val.ToString("F2") : val.ToString();
    Console.WriteLine($"Input: {inputStr,-10} → EMA(5): {results[0].Value:F2}, EMA(10): {results[1].Value:F2}");
    time = time.AddMinutes(1);
}

Console.WriteLine("\nAll outputs are finite - invalid inputs were substituted with last valid values.");