// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// © mihakralj
//@version=6
indicator("PFE: Polarized Fractal Efficiency", "PFE", overlay=false)

//@function Calculates Polarized Fractal Efficiency using fractal geometry
//@param period Lookback period for fractal path measurement (default: 10)
//@param smoothPeriod EMA smoothing period for raw PFE (default: 5)
//@returns Smoothed PFE value oscillating between -100 and +100
//@references Hans Hannula, TASC January 1994
//@optimized O(period) per bar via circular buffer for fractal path sum; O(1) EMA smoothing
pfe(simple int period, simple int smoothPeriod) =>
    if period <= 1
        runtime.error("Period must be greater than 1")
    if smoothPeriod <= 0
        runtime.error("Smooth period must be greater than 0")

    // Circular buffer for close values (size = period + 1 to access close[period])
    var array<float> closeBuf = array.new_float(period + 1, na)
    var int head = 0
    var int filled = 0

    // Store current close in buffer
    array.set(closeBuf, head, close)
    filled := math.min(filled + 1, period + 1)

    float rawPfe = na

    if filled >= period + 1
        // Retrieve close[period] from circular buffer
        int lagIdx = (head - period + period + 1) % (period + 1)
        float closeLag = array.get(closeBuf, lagIdx)

        // Step 1: Straight-line distance (Euclidean in price-time space)
        // D_straight = sqrt((close - close[period])^2 + period^2)
        float priceDiff = close - closeLag
        float straightLine = math.sqrt(priceDiff * priceDiff + period * period)

        // Step 2: Fractal path length (sum of bar-to-bar Euclidean distances)
        // D_fractal = sum of sqrt((close[i] - close[i+1])^2 + 1) for i = 0 to period-1
        float fractalPath = 0.0
        for i = 0 to period - 1
            int currIdx = (head - i + period + 1) % (period + 1)
            int prevIdx = (head - i - 1 + period + 1) % (period + 1)
            float c1 = array.get(closeBuf, currIdx)
            float c2 = array.get(closeBuf, prevIdx)
            if not na(c1) and not na(c2)
                float d = c1 - c2
                fractalPath += math.sqrt(d * d + 1.0)

        // Step 3: Raw PFE = sign * (straight / fractal) * 100
        // Sign: positive when close > close[period] (uptrend), negative otherwise
        if fractalPath > 0.0
            float efficiency = straightLine / fractalPath * 100.0
            rawPfe := priceDiff >= 0.0 ? efficiency : -efficiency

    // Step 4: EMA smoothing of raw PFE
    var float ema = na
    var float e = 1.0
    var bool warmup = true
    float alpha = 2.0 / (smoothPeriod + 1.0)
    float beta = 1.0 - alpha

    float result = na
    if not na(rawPfe)
        if na(ema)
            ema := rawPfe
            e := beta
            result := rawPfe
        else
            ema := alpha * rawPfe + beta * ema
            if warmup
                e *= beta
                float c = 1.0 / (1.0 - e)
                result := c * ema
                warmup := e > 1e-10
            else
                result := ema

    head := (head + 1) % (period + 1)
    result

// ---------- Main loop ----------

// Inputs
i_period = input.int(10, "Period", minval=2, maxval=200, tooltip="Fractal path lookback period (Hannula default: 10)")
i_smooth = input.int(5, "Smooth Period", minval=1, maxval=100, tooltip="EMA smoothing period (Hannula default: 5)")

// Calculation
pfe_value = pfe(i_period, i_smooth)

// Plot
plot(pfe_value, "PFE", color=color.yellow, linewidth=2)
hline(50, "Upper Threshold", color=color.new(color.red, 50), linestyle=hline.style_dashed)
hline(-50, "Lower Threshold", color=color.new(color.green, 50), linestyle=hline.style_dashed)
hline(0, "Zero Line", color=color.new(color.gray, 70), linestyle=hline.style_dotted)