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Miha Kralj
2026-02-27 07:48:12 -08:00
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# KVO: Klinger Volume Oscillator
| Property | Value |
| ---------------- | -------------------------------- |
| **Category** | Volume |
| **Inputs** | OHLCV bar (TBar) |
| **Parameters** | `fastPeriod` (default 34), `slowPeriod` (default 55), `signalPeriod` (default 13) |
| **Outputs** | Single series (Kvo) |
| **Output range** | Unbounded |
| **Warmup** | `slowPeriod` bars |
### TL;DR
- The Klinger Volume Oscillator (KVO), developed by Stephen Klinger in the 1970s, measures the long-term trend of money flow while remaining sensitiv...
- Parameterized by `fastperiod` (default 34), `slowperiod` (default 55), `signalperiod` (default 13).
- Output range: Unbounded.
- Requires `slowPeriod` bars of warmup before first valid output (IsHot = true).
- Validated against TA-Lib, Skender, and Tulip reference implementations where available.
> "Volume is the fuel that drives the market train."
The Klinger Volume Oscillator (KVO), developed by Stephen Klinger in the 1970s, measures the long-term trend of money flow while remaining sensitive to short-term fluctuations. Unlike simple volume indicators, KVO incorporates price direction and range into its volume analysis, creating a comprehensive measure of buying and selling pressure that can identify divergences before they appear in price action.
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- Klinger, S. (1977). "Summing Up Volume." *Stocks & Commodities Magazine*.
- Murphy, J. (1999). *Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets*. New York Institute of Finance.
- https://github.com/mihakralj/pinescript/blob/main/indicators/volume/kvo.md
- https://github.com/mihakralj/pinescript/blob/main/indicators/volume/kvo.md