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Miha Kralj
2026-02-27 07:48:12 -08:00
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# BBANDS: Bollinger Bands
| Property | Value |
| ---------------- | -------------------------------- |
| **Category** | Channel |
| **Inputs** | Source (close) |
| **Parameters** | `period` (default DefaultPeriod), `multiplier` (default DefaultMultiplier) |
| **Outputs** | Multiple series (Middle, Upper, Lower, Width, PercentB) |
| **Output range** | Tracks input |
| **Warmup** | `period` bars |
### TL;DR
- Bollinger Bands construct a volatility-adaptive envelope around a Simple Moving Average using population standard deviation as the width measure.
- Parameterized by `period` (default defaultperiod), `multiplier` (default defaultmultiplier).
- Output range: Tracks input.
- Requires `period` bars of warmup before first valid output (IsHot = true).
- Validated against TA-Lib, Skender, and Tulip reference implementations where available.
Bollinger Bands construct a volatility-adaptive envelope around a Simple Moving Average using population standard deviation as the width measure. The bands expand during high-volatility periods and contract during consolidation, dynamically adapting to changing market conditions. Under Gaussian assumptions, $\pm 2\sigma$ contains approximately 95.4% of price action, but financial returns exhibit fat tails and volatility clustering, so the bands function more as a volatility-normalized reference frame than a strict probability envelope. The derived metrics %B (price position as a fraction of band width) and BandWidth (normalized band spread) extend the raw bands into a complete analytical toolkit.
## Historical Context