diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/FutureForecastModal.tsx b/frontend/components/dashboard/FutureForecastModal.tsx
index bdcdff9f..f3fabccd 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/FutureForecastModal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/FutureForecastModal.tsx
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ import {
   getFutureModalView,
   getModelView,
   getProbabilityView,
-  getTodayPaceView,
   getTemperatureChartData,
   getWeatherSummary,
 } from "@/lib/dashboard-utils";
+import { getTodayPaceView } from "@/lib/pace-utils";
 import { dashboardClient } from "@/lib/dashboard-client";
 import {
   normalizeObservationSourceCode,
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/OpportunityTable.tsx b/frontend/components/dashboard/OpportunityTable.tsx
index 62f3461e..9ff0f342 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/OpportunityTable.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/OpportunityTable.tsx
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import { getLocalizedCityName } from "@/lib/dashboard-home-copy";
 import {
   getModelView,
   getProbabilityView,
-  getTodayPaceView,
 } from "@/lib/dashboard-utils";
+import { getTodayPaceView } from "@/lib/pace-utils";
 import {
   formatTemperatureValue,
   normalizeTemperatureLabel,
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/AiForecastKPIBar.tsx b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/AiForecastKPIBar.tsx
index 1ff8ca4a..39117d30 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/AiForecastKPIBar.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/AiForecastKPIBar.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { CityDetail, ScanOpportunityRow } from "@/lib/dashboard-types";
-import { getTodayPaceView } from "@/lib/dashboard-utils";
+import { getTodayPaceView } from "@/lib/pace-utils";
 import { formatTemperatureValue } from "@/lib/temperature-utils";
 import { getPeakWindowLabel } from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/decision-utils";
 
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/AiPinnedCityCard.tsx b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/AiPinnedCityCard.tsx
index cc60865a..b4c331b9 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/AiPinnedCityCard.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/AiPinnedCityCard.tsx
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ import {
   useCityMarketScan,
 } from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/use-ai-city-card-data";
 import type { CityDetail, ScanOpportunityRow } from "@/lib/dashboard-types";
-import { getModelView, getTodayPaceView } from "@/lib/dashboard-utils";
+import { getModelView } from "@/lib/dashboard-utils";
+import { getTodayPaceView } from "@/lib/pace-utils";
 import { formatTemperatureValue } from "@/lib/temperature-utils";
 
 function toFiniteDecisionNumber(value: unknown) {
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/city-card-decision-utils.ts b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/city-card-decision-utils.ts
index 7252f972..2ed3362f 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/city-card-decision-utils.ts
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/city-card-decision-utils.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { MarketScan, MarketTopBucket } from "@/lib/dashboard-types";
-import { getTodayPaceView } from "@/lib/dashboard-utils";
+import { getTodayPaceView } from "@/lib/pace-utils";
 import {
   formatTemperatureValue,
   normalizeTemperatureLabel,
diff --git a/frontend/lib/dashboard-utils.ts b/frontend/lib/dashboard-utils.ts
index 4afaec67..44c805c6 100644
--- a/frontend/lib/dashboard-utils.ts
+++ b/frontend/lib/dashboard-utils.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,13 @@ import {
   normalizeTemperatureLabel,
   normalizeTemperatureSymbol,
 } from "@/lib/temperature-utils";
+import {
+  hmToMinutes,
+  interpolateSeriesAtMinutes,
+  normalizeHm,
+} from "@/lib/time-utils";
 
+export { getTodayPaceView } from "@/lib/pace-utils";
 export {
   formatTemperatureValue,
   normalizeTemperatureLabel,
@@ -240,34 +246,6 @@ export function getWeatherSummary(detail: CityDetail, locale: Locale = "zh-CN")
   return { weatherIcon, weatherText };
 }
 
-function normalizeHm(value?: string | null) {
-  const match = String(value || "").match(/(\d{1,2}):(\d{2})/);
-  if (!match) return null;
-  const hour = Number.parseInt(match[1], 10);
-  const minute = Number.parseInt(match[2], 10);
-  if (
-    !Number.isFinite(hour) ||
-    !Number.isFinite(minute) ||
-    hour < 0 ||
-    hour > 23 ||
-    minute < 0 ||
-    minute > 59
-  ) {
-    return null;
-  }
-  return `${String(hour).padStart(2, "0")}:${String(minute).padStart(2, "0")}`;
-}
-
-function hmToMinutes(value?: string | null) {
-  const normalized = normalizeHm(value);
-  if (!normalized) return null;
-  const [hourText, minuteText] = normalized.split(":");
-  const hour = Number.parseInt(hourText || "", 10);
-  const minute = Number.parseInt(minuteText || "", 10);
-  if (!Number.isFinite(hour) || !Number.isFinite(minute)) return null;
-  return hour * 60 + minute;
-}
-
 function findNearestTimeIndex(
   times: string[],
   targetTime?: string | null,
@@ -478,196 +456,6 @@ function buildCurrentObservationFallback(
   ];
 }
 
-function interpolateSeriesAtMinutes(
-  times: string[],
-  values: Array<number | null | undefined>,
-  currentMinutes: number,
-) {
-  const points = times
-    .map((time, index) => {
-      const minute = hmToMinutes(time);
-      const value = values[index];
-      return minute != null && value != null && Number.isFinite(Number(value))
-        ? { minute, value: Number(value) }
-        : null;
-    })
-    .filter((point): point is { minute: number; value: number } => point != null);
-
-  if (!points.length) return null;
-
-  const exact = points.find((point) => point.minute === currentMinutes);
-  if (exact) return exact.value;
-
-  let left: { minute: number; value: number } | null = null;
-  let right: { minute: number; value: number } | null = null;
-
-  for (const point of points) {
-    if (point.minute < currentMinutes) {
-      left = point;
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (point.minute > currentMinutes) {
-      right = point;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (left && right) {
-    const span = right.minute - left.minute;
-    if (span <= 0) return left.value;
-    const ratio = (currentMinutes - left.minute) / span;
-    return Number((left.value + (right.value - left.value) * ratio).toFixed(1));
-  }
-  if (left) return left.value;
-  if (right) return right.value;
-  return null;
-}
-
-export function getTodayPaceView(
-  detail: CityDetail,
-  locale: Locale = "zh-CN",
-) {
-  const hourly = detail.hourly || {};
-  const times = hourly.times || [];
-  const temps = hourly.temps || [];
-  if (!times.length || !temps.length) return null;
-
-  const currentMinutes =
-    hmToMinutes(detail.local_time) ??
-    hmToMinutes(detail.airport_primary?.obs_time) ??
-    hmToMinutes(detail.airport_current?.obs_time) ??
-    hmToMinutes(detail.current?.obs_time);
-  if (currentMinutes == null) return null;
-
-  const omHigh = Number(detail.forecast?.today_high);
-  const debHigh = Number(detail.deb?.prediction);
-  const useDebOffset = Number.isFinite(omHigh) && Number.isFinite(debHigh);
-  const offset = useDebOffset ? debHigh - omHigh : 0;
-  const expectedSeries = temps.map((temp) =>
-    temp != null && Number.isFinite(Number(temp))
-      ? Number((Number(temp) + offset).toFixed(1))
-      : null,
-  );
-  const expectedNow = interpolateSeriesAtMinutes(times, expectedSeries, currentMinutes);
-  if (expectedNow == null) return null;
-
-  const observedNowCandidate = [
-    detail.airport_primary?.temp,
-    detail.airport_current?.temp,
-    detail.current?.temp,
-  ]
-    .map((value) => Number(value))
-    .find((value) => Number.isFinite(value));
-  if (observedNowCandidate == null) return null;
-  const observedNow = Number(observedNowCandidate);
-
-  const delta = Number((observedNow - expectedNow).toFixed(1));
-  const biasMagnitude = Math.abs(delta);
-  const biasTone =
-    delta >= 0.6 ? "warm" : delta <= -0.6 ? "cold" : "neutral";
-  const badge =
-    biasTone === "warm"
-      ? isEnglish(locale)
-        ? "Running hot"
-        : "跑得偏热"
-      : biasTone === "cold"
-        ? isEnglish(locale)
-          ? "Running cool"
-          : "跑得偏冷"
-        : isEnglish(locale)
-          ? "On track"
-          : "基本跟踪";
-  const kicker = isEnglish(locale)
-    ? `As of ${normalizeHm(detail.local_time) || detail.local_time || "--:--"}`
-    : `截至 ${normalizeHm(detail.local_time) || detail.local_time || "--:--"}`;
-  const deltaText =
-    delta === 0
-      ? isEnglish(locale)
-        ? "0.0°C vs expected"
-        : "0.0°C 相对预期"
-      : `${delta > 0 ? "+" : ""}${delta.toFixed(1)}${detail.temp_symbol}`;
-
-  const topObservedCandidate = [
-    detail.airport_primary?.max_so_far,
-    detail.airport_current?.max_so_far,
-    detail.current?.max_so_far,
-    observedNow,
-  ]
-    .map((value) => Number(value))
-    .find((value) => Number.isFinite(value));
-  const topObserved = topObservedCandidate != null ? Number(topObservedCandidate) : null;
-  const projectedBase = Number.isFinite(debHigh)
-    ? debHigh
-    : Number.isFinite(omHigh)
-      ? omHigh
-      : null;
-  const paceAdjustedHigh =
-    projectedBase != null
-      ? Number(
-          Math.max(projectedBase + delta, topObserved ?? projectedBase).toFixed(1),
-        )
-      : topObserved;
-  const paceAdjustedLabel = isEnglish(locale)
-    ? "Pace-adjusted high"
-    : "节奏修正高点";
-  const peakWindowText =
-    Number.isFinite(Number(detail.peak?.first_h)) &&
-    Number.isFinite(Number(detail.peak?.last_h))
-      ? `${String(Number(detail.peak?.first_h)).padStart(2, "0")}:00-${String(
-          Number(detail.peak?.last_h) + 1,
-        ).padStart(2, "0")}:00`
-      : "--";
-  const observedLabel =
-    detail.airport_primary?.temp != null || detail.airport_current?.temp != null
-      ? isEnglish(locale)
-        ? "Airport obs"
-        : "机场实测"
-      : isEnglish(locale)
-        ? "Current obs"
-        : "当前实测";
-
-  const paceSummary =
-    biasTone === "warm"
-      ? isEnglish(locale)
-        ? `The airport anchor is ${biasMagnitude.toFixed(1)}°C above the intraday curve. If that bias survives into the peak window, the day high is more likely to lean hotter than the current DEB path.`
-        : `机场主站当前比盘中曲线高 ${biasMagnitude.toFixed(1)}°C。若这段偏热节奏延续进峰值窗口，日高更容易落在当前 DEB 路径之上。`
-      : biasTone === "cold"
-        ? isEnglish(locale)
-          ? `The airport anchor is ${biasMagnitude.toFixed(1)}°C below the intraday curve. If that drag survives into the peak window, chasing higher buckets becomes harder.`
-          : `机场主站当前比盘中曲线低 ${biasMagnitude.toFixed(1)}°C。若这段偏冷节奏延续进峰值窗口，继续追更高温区间会更吃力。`
-        : isEnglish(locale)
-          ? "The airport anchor is still tracking the intraday curve. Let later pace and peak-window structure decide."
-          : "机场主站当前仍基本贴着盘中曲线运行，后续主要看峰值窗口内的节奏有没有进一步偏离。";
-
-  const clamped = Math.min(Math.max(delta, -4), 4);
-  const meterLeft =
-    biasTone === "neutral"
-      ? 46
-      : clamped >= 0
-        ? 50
-        : 50 - (Math.abs(clamped) / 4) * 50;
-  const meterWidth =
-    biasTone === "neutral" ? 8 : Math.max((Math.abs(clamped) / 4) * 50, 8);
-
-  return {
-    badge,
-    biasTone,
-    delta,
-    deltaText,
-    expectedNow,
-    kicker,
-    meterLeft,
-    meterWidth,
-    observedLabel,
-    observedNow,
-    paceAdjustedHigh,
-    paceAdjustedLabel,
-    peakWindowText,
-    summary: paceSummary,
-    topObserved,
-  };
-}
-
 export function getHeroMetaItems(detail: CityDetail, locale: Locale = "zh-CN") {
   const current = detail.current || {};
   const parts: string[] = [];
diff --git a/frontend/lib/pace-utils.ts b/frontend/lib/pace-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35bc685a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/lib/pace-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import type { CityDetail } from "@/lib/dashboard-types";
+import type { Locale } from "@/lib/i18n";
+import {
+  hmToMinutes,
+  interpolateSeriesAtMinutes,
+  normalizeHm,
+} from "@/lib/time-utils";
+
+function isEnglish(locale: Locale) {
+  return locale === "en-US";
+}
+
+export function getTodayPaceView(
+  detail: CityDetail,
+  locale: Locale = "zh-CN",
+) {
+  const hourly = detail.hourly || {};
+  const times = hourly.times || [];
+  const temps = hourly.temps || [];
+  if (!times.length || !temps.length) return null;
+
+  const currentMinutes =
+    hmToMinutes(detail.local_time) ??
+    hmToMinutes(detail.airport_primary?.obs_time) ??
+    hmToMinutes(detail.airport_current?.obs_time) ??
+    hmToMinutes(detail.current?.obs_time);
+  if (currentMinutes == null) return null;
+
+  const omHigh = Number(detail.forecast?.today_high);
+  const debHigh = Number(detail.deb?.prediction);
+  const useDebOffset = Number.isFinite(omHigh) && Number.isFinite(debHigh);
+  const offset = useDebOffset ? debHigh - omHigh : 0;
+  const expectedSeries = temps.map((temp) =>
+    temp != null && Number.isFinite(Number(temp))
+      ? Number((Number(temp) + offset).toFixed(1))
+      : null,
+  );
+  const expectedNow = interpolateSeriesAtMinutes(times, expectedSeries, currentMinutes);
+  if (expectedNow == null) return null;
+
+  const observedNowCandidate = [
+    detail.airport_primary?.temp,
+    detail.airport_current?.temp,
+    detail.current?.temp,
+  ]
+    .map((value) => Number(value))
+    .find((value) => Number.isFinite(value));
+  if (observedNowCandidate == null) return null;
+  const observedNow = Number(observedNowCandidate);
+
+  const delta = Number((observedNow - expectedNow).toFixed(1));
+  const biasMagnitude = Math.abs(delta);
+  const biasTone =
+    delta >= 0.6 ? "warm" : delta <= -0.6 ? "cold" : "neutral";
+  const badge =
+    biasTone === "warm"
+      ? isEnglish(locale)
+        ? "Running hot"
+        : "跑得偏热"
+      : biasTone === "cold"
+        ? isEnglish(locale)
+          ? "Running cool"
+          : "跑得偏冷"
+        : isEnglish(locale)
+          ? "On track"
+          : "基本跟踪";
+  const kicker = isEnglish(locale)
+    ? `As of ${normalizeHm(detail.local_time) || detail.local_time || "--:--"}`
+    : `截至 ${normalizeHm(detail.local_time) || detail.local_time || "--:--"}`;
+  const deltaText =
+    delta === 0
+      ? isEnglish(locale)
+        ? "0.0°C vs expected"
+        : "0.0°C 相对预期"
+      : `${delta > 0 ? "+" : ""}${delta.toFixed(1)}${detail.temp_symbol}`;
+
+  const topObservedCandidate = [
+    detail.airport_primary?.max_so_far,
+    detail.airport_current?.max_so_far,
+    detail.current?.max_so_far,
+    observedNow,
+  ]
+    .map((value) => Number(value))
+    .find((value) => Number.isFinite(value));
+  const topObserved = topObservedCandidate != null ? Number(topObservedCandidate) : null;
+  const projectedBase = Number.isFinite(debHigh)
+    ? debHigh
+    : Number.isFinite(omHigh)
+      ? omHigh
+      : null;
+  const paceAdjustedHigh =
+    projectedBase != null
+      ? Number(
+          Math.max(projectedBase + delta, topObserved ?? projectedBase).toFixed(1),
+        )
+      : topObserved;
+  const paceAdjustedLabel = isEnglish(locale)
+    ? "Pace-adjusted high"
+    : "节奏修正高点";
+  const peakWindowText =
+    Number.isFinite(Number(detail.peak?.first_h)) &&
+    Number.isFinite(Number(detail.peak?.last_h))
+      ? `${String(Number(detail.peak?.first_h)).padStart(2, "0")}:00-${String(
+          Number(detail.peak?.last_h) + 1,
+        ).padStart(2, "0")}:00`
+      : "--";
+  const observedLabel =
+    detail.airport_primary?.temp != null || detail.airport_current?.temp != null
+      ? isEnglish(locale)
+        ? "Airport obs"
+        : "机场实测"
+      : isEnglish(locale)
+        ? "Current obs"
+        : "当前实测";
+
+  const paceSummary =
+    biasTone === "warm"
+      ? isEnglish(locale)
+        ? `The airport anchor is ${biasMagnitude.toFixed(1)}°C above the intraday curve. If that bias survives into the peak window, the day high is more likely to lean hotter than the current DEB path.`
+        : `机场主站当前比盘中曲线高 ${biasMagnitude.toFixed(1)}°C。若这段偏热节奏延续进峰值窗口，日高更容易落在当前 DEB 路径之上。`
+      : biasTone === "cold"
+        ? isEnglish(locale)
+          ? `The airport anchor is ${biasMagnitude.toFixed(1)}°C below the intraday curve. If that drag survives into the peak window, chasing higher buckets becomes harder.`
+          : `机场主站当前比盘中曲线低 ${biasMagnitude.toFixed(1)}°C。若这段偏冷节奏延续进峰值窗口，继续追更高温区间会更吃力。`
+        : isEnglish(locale)
+          ? "The airport anchor is still tracking the intraday curve. Let later pace and peak-window structure decide."
+          : "机场主站当前仍基本贴着盘中曲线运行，后续主要看峰值窗口内的节奏有没有进一步偏离。";
+
+  const clamped = Math.min(Math.max(delta, -4), 4);
+  const meterLeft =
+    biasTone === "neutral"
+      ? 46
+      : clamped >= 0
+        ? 50
+        : 50 - (Math.abs(clamped) / 4) * 50;
+  const meterWidth =
+    biasTone === "neutral" ? 8 : Math.max((Math.abs(clamped) / 4) * 50, 8);
+
+  return {
+    badge,
+    biasTone,
+    delta,
+    deltaText,
+    expectedNow,
+    kicker,
+    meterLeft,
+    meterWidth,
+    observedLabel,
+    observedNow,
+    paceAdjustedHigh,
+    paceAdjustedLabel,
+    peakWindowText,
+    summary: paceSummary,
+    topObserved,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/frontend/lib/time-utils.ts b/frontend/lib/time-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0966084d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/lib/time-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+export function normalizeHm(value?: string | null) {
+  const match = String(value || "").match(/(\d{1,2}):(\d{2})/);
+  if (!match) return null;
+  const hour = Number.parseInt(match[1], 10);
+  const minute = Number.parseInt(match[2], 10);
+  if (
+    !Number.isFinite(hour) ||
+    !Number.isFinite(minute) ||
+    hour < 0 ||
+    hour > 23 ||
+    minute < 0 ||
+    minute > 59
+  ) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return `${String(hour).padStart(2, "0")}:${String(minute).padStart(2, "0")}`;
+}
+
+export function hmToMinutes(value?: string | null) {
+  const normalized = normalizeHm(value);
+  if (!normalized) return null;
+  const [hourText, minuteText] = normalized.split(":");
+  const hour = Number.parseInt(hourText || "", 10);
+  const minute = Number.parseInt(minuteText || "", 10);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(hour) || !Number.isFinite(minute)) return null;
+  return hour * 60 + minute;
+}
+
+export function interpolateSeriesAtMinutes(
+  times: string[],
+  values: Array<number | null | undefined>,
+  currentMinutes: number,
+) {
+  const points = times
+    .map((time, index) => {
+      const minute = hmToMinutes(time);
+      const value = values[index];
+      return minute != null && value != null && Number.isFinite(Number(value))
+        ? { minute, value: Number(value) }
+        : null;
+    })
+    .filter((point): point is { minute: number; value: number } => point != null);
+
+  if (!points.length) return null;
+
+  const exact = points.find((point) => point.minute === currentMinutes);
+  if (exact) return exact.value;
+
+  let left: { minute: number; value: number } | null = null;
+  let right: { minute: number; value: number } | null = null;
+
+  for (const point of points) {
+    if (point.minute < currentMinutes) {
+      left = point;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (point.minute > currentMinutes) {
+      right = point;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (left && right) {
+    const span = right.minute - left.minute;
+    if (span <= 0) return left.value;
+    const ratio = (currentMinutes - left.minute) / span;
+    return Number((left.value + (right.value - left.value) * ratio).toFixed(1));
+  }
+  if (left) return left.value;
+  if (right) return right.value;
+  return null;
+}