diff --git a/src/data_collection/weather_sources.py b/src/data_collection/weather_sources.py
index 8449f2e3..a6bccbb2 100644
--- a/src/data_collection/weather_sources.py
+++ b/src/data_collection/weather_sources.py
@@ -256,6 +256,10 @@ class WeatherDataCollector(OpenMeteoCacheMixin, SettlementSourceMixin, MetarSour
         logger.info(
             f"Open-Meteo 磁盘缓存路径: {self._disk_cache_path} (max_age={self._disk_cache_max_age_sec}s)"
         )
+        self._cache_trim_counter = 0
+        self._CACHE_TRIM_EVERY_N_WRITES = int(
+            os.getenv("POLYWEATHER_CACHE_TRIM_INTERVAL", "200")
+        )
 
         # 设置代理
         proxy = config.get("proxy")
@@ -273,6 +277,56 @@ class WeatherDataCollector(OpenMeteoCacheMixin, SettlementSourceMixin, MetarSour
 
         logger.info("天气数据采集器初始化完成。")
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _trim_inmemory_cache(
+        cache: Dict[str, Dict],
+        lock: threading.Lock,
+        ttl_sec: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        now = time.time()
+        with lock:
+            stale = [
+                key
+                for key, entry in cache.items()
+                if now - float(entry.get("t", 0)) > ttl_sec
+            ]
+            for key in stale:
+                del cache[key]
+
+    def _maybe_trim_caches(self) -> None:
+        self._cache_trim_counter += 1
+        if self._cache_trim_counter < self._CACHE_TRIM_EVERY_N_WRITES:
+            return
+        self._cache_trim_counter = 0
+        now = time.time()
+        # Trim each cache with 2x its TTL as the hard eviction window
+        for cache, lock, ttl in [
+            (self._open_meteo_cache, self._open_meteo_cache_lock, 3600.0),
+            (self._ensemble_cache, self._ensemble_cache_lock, 7200.0),
+            (self._multi_model_cache, self._multi_model_cache_lock, 7200.0),
+            (self._metar_cache, self._metar_cache_lock, float(self.metar_cache_ttl_sec * 2)),
+            (self._taf_cache, self._taf_cache_lock, float(self.taf_cache_ttl_sec * 2)),
+            (self._jma_cache, self._jma_cache_lock, float(self.jma_cache_ttl_sec * 2)),
+            (self._settlement_cache, self._settlement_cache_lock, float(self.settlement_cache_ttl_sec * 2)),
+            (self._fmi_cache, self._fmi_cache_lock, float(self.fmi_cache_ttl_sec * 2)),
+            (self._knmi_cache, self._knmi_cache_lock, float(self.knmi_cache_ttl_sec * 2)),
+            (self._hko_obs_cache, self._hko_obs_cache_lock, float(self.hko_obs_cache_ttl_sec * 2)),
+        ]:
+            stale = [
+                key
+                for key, entry in cache.items()
+                if now - float(entry.get("t", 0)) > ttl
+            ]
+            if stale:
+                with lock:
+                    for key in stale:
+                        cache.pop(key, None)
+        # MADIS cache is a single list, not a keyed dict — expire on age
+        with self._madis_cache_lock:
+            if self._madis_cache is not None and now - self._madis_cache_ts > self.madis_cache_ttl_sec * 2:
+                self._madis_cache = None
+                self._madis_cache_ts = 0.0
+
     @staticmethod
     def _is_retryable_status(status_code: int) -> bool:
         return status_code in {408, 500, 502, 503, 504}
@@ -1333,6 +1387,7 @@ class WeatherDataCollector(OpenMeteoCacheMixin, SettlementSourceMixin, MetarSour
         """
         Fetch weather data from all available sources
         """
+        self._maybe_trim_caches()
         results = {}
         city_lower = city.lower().strip()
         use_fahrenheit = self._uses_fahrenheit(city_lower)
diff --git a/src/utils/telegram_push.py b/src/utils/telegram_push.py
index 85e24691..438fbc1b 100644
--- a/src/utils/telegram_push.py
+++ b/src/utils/telegram_push.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
 
+import requests as requests_lib
 from loguru import logger
 
 from src.database.db_manager import DBManager
@@ -28,6 +29,54 @@ _CITY_THREAD_IDS_PATH = os.path.join(
 _FORUM_CHAT_ID = "-1003927451869"
 _city_thread_ids: dict = {}
 
+# Shared HTTP session for AROME and auxiliary queries (connection reuse)
+_HTTP_SESSION: Optional[requests_lib.Session] = None
+_HTTP_SESSION_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+
+# Bot send_message rate limiter: max N messages per second across all threads
+_SEND_MSG_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+_SEND_MSG_LAST_TS: float = 0.0
+_SEND_MSG_MIN_INTERVAL_SEC = float(os.getenv("TELEGRAM_SEND_RATE_LIMIT_SEC", "0.05"))
+
+
+def _get_http_session() -> requests_lib.Session:
+    global _HTTP_SESSION
+    if _HTTP_SESSION is None:
+        with _HTTP_SESSION_LOCK:
+            if _HTTP_SESSION is None:
+                _HTTP_SESSION = requests_lib.Session()
+    return _HTTP_SESSION
+
+
+# Reusable executor for airport push cycles (avoids thread pool churn)
+_AIRPORT_EXECUTOR: Optional[ThreadPoolExecutor] = None
+_AIRPORT_EXECUTOR_LOCK = threading.Lock()
+_AIRPORT_EXECUTOR_MAX_WORKERS: int = 0
+
+
+def _get_airport_executor(max_workers: int) -> ThreadPoolExecutor:
+    global _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR, _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR_MAX_WORKERS
+    if _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR is None or _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR_MAX_WORKERS != max_workers:
+        with _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR_LOCK:
+            if _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR is None or _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR_MAX_WORKERS != max_workers:
+                if _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR is not None:
+                    _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR.shutdown(wait=False)
+                _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers)
+                _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR_MAX_WORKERS = max_workers
+    return _AIRPORT_EXECUTOR
+
+
+def _rate_limited_send(bot: Any, chat_id: str, message: str, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    """Throttle bot.send_message calls to avoid hitting Telegram rate limits."""
+    global _SEND_MSG_LAST_TS
+    with _SEND_MSG_LOCK:
+        now = time.time()
+        wait = _SEND_MSG_MIN_INTERVAL_SEC - (now - _SEND_MSG_LAST_TS)
+        if wait > 0:
+            time.sleep(wait)
+        _SEND_MSG_LAST_TS = time.time()
+    bot.send_message(chat_id, message, **kwargs)
+
 
 def _load_city_thread_ids() -> dict:
     global _city_thread_ids
@@ -814,7 +863,6 @@ def _fetch_arome_temp() -> Optional[float]:
     if cached is not None and (now - cached_at) < _AROME_CACHE_TTL_SEC:
         return cached
     try:
-        import requests
         url = (
             "https://api.open-meteo.com/v1/forecast?"
             "latitude=48.9673&longitude=2.4277"
@@ -823,7 +871,7 @@ def _fetch_arome_temp() -> Optional[float]:
             "&timezone=Europe/Paris"
             "&forecast_minutely_15=2"
         )
-        resp = requests.get(url, timeout=8)
+        resp = _get_http_session().get(url, timeout=8)
         data = resp.json()
         temps = (data.get("minutely_15") or {}).get("temperature_2m") or []
         result = float(temps[-1]) if temps else None
@@ -1314,7 +1362,7 @@ def _process_airport_city(
             thread_id = _resolve_thread_id(chat_id, city)
             if thread_id:
                 kwargs["message_thread_id"] = thread_id
-            bot.send_message(chat_id, message, **kwargs)
+            _rate_limited_send(bot, chat_id, message, **kwargs)
             sent = True
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.warning("airport push failed city={} chat_id={}: {}", city, chat_id, exc)
@@ -1340,29 +1388,29 @@ def _run_high_freq_airport_cycle(
     logger.info("airport cycle tick cities={} max_workers={}", len(HIGH_FREQ_AIRPORT_CITIES), max_workers)
 
     cities = sorted(HIGH_FREQ_AIRPORT_CITIES)
-    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as pool:
-        futures = {
-            pool.submit(
-                _process_airport_city,
-                city,
-                now_ts,
-                last_by_city.get(city) or {},
-                chat_ids,
-                bot,
-            ): city
-            for city in cities
-        }
-        for future in as_completed(futures):
-            try:
-                result = future.result()
-            except Exception:
-                logger.exception("airport city task crashed city={}", futures[future])
-                continue
-            if result is None:
-                continue
-            city, entry = result
-            last_by_city[city] = entry
-            state_dirty = True
+    pool = _get_airport_executor(max_workers)
+    futures = {
+        pool.submit(
+            _process_airport_city,
+            city,
+            now_ts,
+            last_by_city.get(city) or {},
+            chat_ids,
+            bot,
+        ): city
+        for city in cities
+    }
+    for future in as_completed(futures):
+        try:
+            result = future.result()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("airport city task crashed city={}", futures[future])
+            continue
+        if result is None:
+            continue
+        city, entry = result
+        last_by_city[city] = entry
+        state_dirty = True
 
     return state_dirty
 
diff --git a/web/analysis_service.py b/web/analysis_service.py
index ad099ea5..102a2a90 100644
--- a/web/analysis_service.py
+++ b/web/analysis_service.py
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ from fastapi import HTTPException
 from loguru import logger
 
 from web.core import (
+    LRUDict,
     _cache,
+    _CACHE_LOCK,
     CACHE_TTL,
     CACHE_TTL_ANKARA,
     CACHE_TTL_KOREAN_AMOS,
@@ -89,7 +91,8 @@ _ANALYSIS_CACHE_STATS: Dict[str, Any] = {
     "last_city": None,
 }
 _SUMMARY_CACHE_LOCK = threading.Lock()
-_SUMMARY_CACHE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
+_SUMMARY_CACHE_MAXSIZE = 128
+_SUMMARY_CACHE = LRUDict(maxsize=_SUMMARY_CACHE_MAXSIZE)
 def _dedupe_forecast_daily(rows: Any) -> list[Dict[str, Any]]:
     if not isinstance(rows, list):
         return []
@@ -413,20 +416,21 @@ def _get_cached_analysis(
     now_ts = _time.time()
     freshest_payload: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
     freshest_ts = 0.0
-    for detail_mode in detail_modes:
-        cached = _cache.get(_analysis_cache_key(city, detail_mode))
-        if not cached:
-            continue
-        cached_ts = float(cached.get("t", 0))
-        payload = cached.get("d")
-        if (
-            cached_ts
-            and now_ts - cached_ts < ttl
-            and isinstance(payload, dict)
-            and cached_ts >= freshest_ts
-        ):
-            freshest_payload = payload
-            freshest_ts = cached_ts
+    with _CACHE_LOCK:
+        for detail_mode in detail_modes:
+            cached = _cache.get(_analysis_cache_key(city, detail_mode))
+            if not cached:
+                continue
+            cached_ts = float(cached.get("t", 0))
+            payload = cached.get("d")
+            if (
+                cached_ts
+                and now_ts - cached_ts < ttl
+                and isinstance(payload, dict)
+                and cached_ts >= freshest_ts
+            ):
+                freshest_payload = payload
+                freshest_ts = cached_ts
     return freshest_payload
 
 
@@ -1882,7 +1886,8 @@ def _analyze(
             result,
         )
 
-    _cache[cache_key] = {"t": _time.time(), "d": result}
+    with _CACHE_LOCK:
+        _cache[cache_key] = {"t": _time.time(), "d": result}
     return result
 
 
diff --git a/web/core.py b/web/core.py
index 3e886f36..94ad2f73 100644
--- a/web/core.py
+++ b/web/core.py
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ PolyWeather Web Core Context
 import json
 import os
 import sqlite3
+import threading
 import time
+from collections import OrderedDict
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
-from typing import Dict, Any, Optional
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Request
 from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
@@ -77,7 +79,33 @@ SETTLEMENT_SOURCE_LABELS: Dict[str, str] = {
     "wunderground": "Wunderground",
 }
 
-_cache: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+class LRUDict:
+    """Size-bounded ordered dict that evicts oldest entries on overflow."""
+
+    def __init__(self, maxsize: int = 256) -> None:
+        self._maxsize = max(1, int(maxsize))
+        self._data: OrderedDict[str, Dict] = OrderedDict()
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Optional[Dict]:
+        return self._data.get(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: Dict) -> None:
+        if key in self._data:
+            self._data.move_to_end(key)
+        self._data[key] = value
+        while len(self._data) > self._maxsize:
+            self._data.popitem(last=False)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: str) -> bool:
+        return key in self._data
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return len(self._data)
+
+
+_CACHE_MAXSIZE = int(os.getenv("POLYWEATHER_ANALYSIS_CACHE_MAXSIZE", "256"))
+_cache: LRUDict = LRUDict(maxsize=_CACHE_MAXSIZE)
+_CACHE_LOCK = threading.Lock()
 CACHE_TTL = 300
 CACHE_TTL_ANKARA = 60
 CACHE_TTL_KOREAN_AMOS = 60