diff --git a/web/analysis_service.py b/web/analysis_service.py
index 9999c954..6c0289f2 100644
--- a/web/analysis_service.py
+++ b/web/analysis_service.py
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ from web.services.observation_freshness import (
     build_observation_freshness as _build_observation_freshness,
     observation_age_min as _observation_age_min,
 )
+from web.services.analysis_utils import (
+    add_signal as _add_signal,
+    bucket_label as _bucket_label,
+    bucket_label_from_value as _bucket_label_from_value,
+    format_clock_minutes as _format_clock_minutes,
+    next_observation_clock as _next_observation_clock,
+    top_probability_bucket as _top_probability_bucket,
+)
 from web.services.analysis_signals import (
     _build_deviation_monitor,
     _build_taf_signal,
@@ -305,84 +313,6 @@ def _maybe_enrich_dynamic_commentary_with_groq(
 
 
 
-
-def _clock_minutes(value: Any) -> Optional[int]:
-    text = str(value or "").strip()
-    match = re.search(r"\b(\d{1,2}):(\d{2})\b", text)
-    if not match:
-        return None
-    hour = int(match.group(1))
-    minute = int(match.group(2))
-    if hour < 0 or hour > 23 or minute < 0 or minute > 59:
-        return None
-    return hour * 60 + minute
-
-
-def _format_clock_minutes(value: int) -> str:
-    value = max(0, min(23 * 60 + 59, int(value)))
-    return f"{value // 60:02d}:{value % 60:02d}"
-
-
-def _next_observation_clock(local_time: Any) -> str:
-    minutes = _clock_minutes(local_time)
-    if minutes is None:
-        return "--"
-    next_slot = ((minutes // 30) + 1) * 30
-    if next_slot > 23 * 60 + 59:
-        return "23:59"
-    return _format_clock_minutes(next_slot)
-
-
-def _bucket_label_from_value(value: Optional[float], unit: str) -> Optional[str]:
-    if value is None:
-        return None
-    try:
-        return f"{int(round(float(value)))}{unit or '°C'}"
-    except Exception:
-        return None
-
-
-def _top_probability_bucket(distribution: Any) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
-    if not isinstance(distribution, list):
-        return None
-    candidates = [row for row in distribution if isinstance(row, dict)]
-    if not candidates:
-        return None
-    return max(candidates, key=lambda row: _sf(row.get("probability")) or -1.0)
-
-
-def _bucket_label(row: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], unit: str) -> Optional[str]:
-    if not isinstance(row, dict):
-        return None
-    for key in ("label", "bucket", "range"):
-        raw = str(row.get(key) or "").strip()
-        if raw:
-            return raw
-    return _bucket_label_from_value(_sf(row.get("value")), unit)
-
-
-def _add_signal(
-    signals: list,
-    *,
-    label: str,
-    direction: str,
-    strength: str,
-    summary: str,
-    label_en: Optional[str] = None,
-    summary_en: Optional[str] = None,
-) -> None:
-    signals.append(
-        {
-            "label": label,
-            "label_en": label_en or label,
-            "direction": direction,
-            "strength": strength,
-            "summary": summary,
-            "summary_en": summary_en or summary,
-        }
-    )
-
-
 def _build_intraday_meteorology(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     """Build a paid-product intraday meteorology read from existing layers."""
     current = data.get("current") or {}
diff --git a/web/services/analysis_utils.py b/web/services/analysis_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4fba7e0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/services/analysis_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""Analysis utility functions extracted from analysis_service.py.
+
+Pure helpers: clock arithmetic, bucket labelling, signal packaging.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+from web.core import _sf
+
+
+# ── Clock / time-slot helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def clock_minutes(value: Any) -> Optional[int]:
+    text = str(value or "").strip()
+    match = re.search(r"\b(\d{1,2}):(\d{2})\b", text)
+    if not match:
+        return None
+    hour = int(match.group(1))
+    minute = int(match.group(2))
+    if hour < 0 or hour > 23 or minute < 0 or minute > 59:
+        return None
+    return hour * 60 + minute
+
+
+def format_clock_minutes(value: int) -> str:
+    value = max(0, min(23 * 60 + 59, int(value)))
+    return f"{value // 60:02d}:{value % 60:02d}"
+
+
+def next_observation_clock(local_time: Any) -> str:
+    minutes = clock_minutes(local_time)
+    if minutes is None:
+        return "--"
+    next_slot = ((minutes // 30) + 1) * 30
+    if next_slot > 23 * 60 + 59:
+        return "23:59"
+    return format_clock_minutes(next_slot)
+
+
+# ── Probability bucket helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def bucket_label_from_value(value: Optional[float], unit: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    if value is None:
+        return None
+    try:
+        return f"{int(round(float(value)))}{unit or '°C'}"
+    except Exception:
+        return None
+
+
+def top_probability_bucket(distribution: Any) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    if not isinstance(distribution, list):
+        return None
+    candidates = [row for row in distribution if isinstance(row, dict)]
+    if not candidates:
+        return None
+    return max(candidates, key=lambda row: _sf(row.get("probability")) or -1.0)
+
+
+def bucket_label(row: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], unit: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    if not isinstance(row, dict):
+        return None
+    for key in ("label", "bucket", "range"):
+        raw = str(row.get(key) or "").strip()
+        if raw:
+            return raw
+    return bucket_label_from_value(_sf(row.get("value")), unit)
+
+
+# ── Signal packaging ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def add_signal(
+    signals: list,
+    *,
+    label: str,
+    direction: str,
+    strength: str,
+    summary: str,
+    label_en: Optional[str] = None,
+    summary_en: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> None:
+    signals.append(
+        {
+            "label": label,
+            "label_en": label_en or label,
+            "direction": direction,
+            "strength": strength,
+            "summary": summary,
+            "summary_en": summary_en or summary,
+        }
+    )