diff --git a/docs/superpowers/plans/2026-05-27-redis-stream-realtime-event-architecture.md b/docs/superpowers/plans/2026-05-27-redis-stream-realtime-event-architecture.md
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+# Redis Stream Realtime Event Architecture Implementation Plan
+
+> **For agentic workers:** REQUIRED SUB-SKILL: Use superpowers:subagent-driven-development (recommended) or superpowers:executing-plans to implement this plan task-by-task. Steps use checkbox (`- [ ]`) syntax for tracking.
+
+**Goal:** Add Redis Stream as the production realtime event store and live fanout source while preserving the existing SSE patch protocol.
+
+**Architecture:** Keep `city_observation_patch.v1` and numeric `revision` as the browser contract. Add a Redis-backed event store beside the existing SQLite store, select it through an event-store factory, and let Redis-backed deployments fan out live events through a Redis subscriber loop instead of direct in-process ingest broadcast.
+
+**Tech Stack:** FastAPI, redis-py, Redis Stream, SQLite fallback, pytest, existing frontend EventSource hook.
+
+---
+
+### Task 1: Redis Store Contract
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `tests/test_redis_realtime_event_store.py`
+- Create: `web/redis_realtime_event_store.py`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing tests**
+
+Cover append, replay by city, replay gap, and fallback-independent event shape.
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Verify tests fail**
+
+Run: `python -m pytest tests/test_redis_realtime_event_store.py -q`
+
+Expected: fails because `web.redis_realtime_event_store` does not exist.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Implement Redis store**
+
+Add `RedisRealtimeEventStore` with `append_event`, `latest_revision`, `replay_events`, `replay_requires_resync`, and idempotent `start_live_subscription`.
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Verify tests pass**
+
+Run: `python -m pytest tests/test_redis_realtime_event_store.py -q`
+
+### Task 2: Store Factory And SSE Router
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `web/realtime_event_store_factory.py`
+- Modify: `web/routers/sse_router.py`
+- Test: `tests/test_sse_replay.py`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write failing tests**
+
+Cover `POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE=redis` selecting Redis, SQLite fallback when Redis is not configured, and Redis ingest not doing direct local broadcast.
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Verify tests fail**
+
+Run: `python -m pytest tests/test_sse_replay.py tests/test_realtime_event_store_factory.py -q`
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Implement factory and router integration**
+
+Use Redis store when configured; otherwise keep existing SQLite store. Ingest broadcasts directly only for stores that do not provide external live fanout.
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Verify tests pass**
+
+Run: `python -m pytest tests/test_sse_replay.py tests/test_realtime_event_store_factory.py -q`
+
+### Task 3: Dependency And Operational Config
+
+**Files:**
+- Modify: `requirements.txt`
+- Modify: `docs/superpowers/specs/2026-05-27-redis-stream-realtime-event-architecture-design.md`
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Add redis-py dependency**
+
+Add `redis>=5.0.0` to `requirements.txt`.
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Add final config notes**
+
+Ensure the design doc names the runtime env vars used by code.
+
+### Task 4: Verification
+
+**Files:**
+- No production edits unless tests reveal a gap.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Run backend realtime tests**
+
+Run:
+
+```powershell
+python -m pytest tests/test_realtime_patch_schema.py tests/test_realtime_event_store.py tests/test_redis_realtime_event_store.py tests/test_realtime_event_store_factory.py tests/test_sse_replay.py -q
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run broader frontend/backend checks**
+
+Run:
+
+```powershell
+cd frontend
+npm run test:business
+npm run typecheck
+npm run build
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Inspect diff**
+
+Run:
+
+```powershell
+git diff --check
+git status --short
+```
diff --git a/docs/superpowers/specs/2026-05-27-redis-stream-realtime-event-architecture-design.md b/docs/superpowers/specs/2026-05-27-redis-stream-realtime-event-architecture-design.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f385159e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/superpowers/specs/2026-05-27-redis-stream-realtime-event-architecture-design.md
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+# Redis Stream Realtime Event Architecture Design
+
+> 日期: 2026-05-27
+> 范围: PolyWeather 网站图表实时观测事件层
+> 目标服务器: 2 vCPU / 8 GB RAM / 50 GB 系统盘
+
+## 背景
+
+当前实时层已经具备生产化雏形：
+
+- 后端已有 `city_observation_patch.v1` schema。
+- `web/realtime_event_store.py` 使用 SQLite 保存 `observation_patch_events`，支持 `since_revision` replay。
+- `/api/events?cities=...&since_revision=...&replay_limit=...` 已经是前端 SSE 入口。
+- 前端 `frontend/hooks/use-sse-patches.ts` 使用 `EventSource`，并按当前可见城市订阅。
+
+这解决了单进程、单实例下的实时推送和短窗口 replay，但还不够“一步到位”：
+
+- 多 worker / 多实例时，进程内广播不能共享。
+- SQLite replay log 可以补数据，但不适合作为跨实例 live fanout。
+- 服务重启、浏览器后台恢复、SSE 断线后，需要更稳定的事件源。
+- 后续如果把采集器拆成独立进程，需要一个明确的后端事件总线。
+
+## 目标
+
+升级为“Redis Stream 主事件日志 + SSE 浏览器传输 + SQLite fallback”的架构：
+
+- Redis Stream 是生产环境实时事件主通道。
+- SSE 仍然是浏览器唯一实时入口。
+- 前端协议保持 `city_observation_patch.v1`，不让浏览器感知 Redis。
+- 继续使用 numeric `revision`，兼容现有前端 `since_revision` 逻辑。
+- 支持按城市订阅、断线 replay、多 worker fanout。
+- 事件只保留短窗口，默认 24 小时；生产不建议超过 24 小时。
+
+## 非目标
+
+这次不做以下事情：
+
+- 不引入 Kafka、RabbitMQ 或复杂 consumer group。
+- 不把天气历史数据全部 event sourcing。
+- 不让浏览器直接连接 Redis。
+- 不把 DEB 预测、模型曲线、概率分布都改成事件流。
+- 不做永久行情归档；超过 replay 窗口时继续走 HTTP full detail resync。
+
+## 推荐架构
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    Collector["WeatherDataCollector / city refresh"] --> Ingest["POST /api/internal/collector-patch"]
+    Ingest --> Normalize["city_observation_patch.v1 normalizer"]
+    Normalize --> Store["RealtimeEventStore interface"]
+    Store --> Redis["Redis Stream: stream:city_observation"]
+    Store --> SQLite["SQLite fallback: observation_patch_events"]
+    Redis --> WorkerSub["Redis XREAD subscriber per API worker"]
+    WorkerSub --> LocalFanout["Local SSE fanout"]
+    SQLite --> ReplayFallback["SQLite replay fallback"]
+    SSE["GET /api/events?cities=...&since_revision=..."] --> Browser["Frontend EventSource"]
+    LocalFanout --> SSE
+    Redis --> SSE
+    ReplayFallback --> SSE
+    Browser --> Chart["Chart applies patch"]
+    Browser -->|resync_required| Detail["HTTP /api/city/{city}/detail"]
+```
+
+关键原则：
+
+- Redis Stream 负责后端事件保存、短窗口 replay、多实例共享。
+- SSE 负责服务端到浏览器的单向推送。
+- SQLite 只做 fallback 和本地开发，不再作为生产主事件总线。
+- 前端只认 patch event，不关心事件来自 Redis 还是 SQLite。
+
+## 事件模型
+
+继续使用现有 schema：
+
+```json
+{
+  "type": "city_observation_patch.v1",
+  "revision": 12345,
+  "city": "taipei",
+  "source": "cwa",
+  "obs_time": "2026-05-27T10:00:00+08:00",
+  "observed_at_utc": "2026-05-27T02:00:00Z",
+  "observed_at_local": "2026-05-27T10:00:00+08:00",
+  "city_local_date": "2026-05-27",
+  "city_timezone": "Asia/Taipei",
+  "source_cadence_sec": 600,
+  "ts": 1780000000000,
+  "payload": {
+    "temp": 34.2,
+    "max_so_far": 34.2,
+    "station_code": "466920",
+    "station_label": "中央气象署台北站",
+    "series_key": "settlement",
+    "unit": "celsius"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+`revision` 仍然是前端公开排序键，必须是全局单调递增整数。
+
+Redis Stream 自身的 stream ID，例如 `1780000000000-0`，只作为后端内部定位信息，不暴露给前端作为主 revision。
+
+## Redis Stream 设计
+
+Stream key:
+
+```text
+stream:city_observation
+```
+
+Revision key:
+
+```text
+counter:city_observation_revision
+```
+
+每条 stream entry 字段：
+
+- `revision`: 全局递增整数，公开给 SSE/前端。
+- `type`: `city_observation_patch.v1`
+- `city`: normalized city key。
+- `source`: source code，例如 `cwa`, `metar`, `amos`, `amsc_awos`。
+- `obs_time`: 原始观测时间。
+- `payload_json`: compact JSON。
+- `created_at_ms`: 写入 Redis 的 UTC epoch ms。
+- `producer_id`: API worker / collector instance id，便于排查。
+
+写入必须通过 Lua 脚本原子完成：
+
+1. `INCR counter:city_observation_revision`
+2. `XADD stream:city_observation MAXLEN ~ {maxlen} * revision ... payload_json ...`
+3. 返回 `{revision, stream_id}`
+
+原因：
+
+- 避免 `INCR` 成功但 `XADD` 失败后造成非必要 gap。
+- 让 revision 分配和事件入流成为一个原子操作。
+- 保持现有前端 numeric `since_revision` 不变。
+
+## Replay 策略
+
+`GET /api/events` 收到 `since_revision` 后：
+
+1. 读取 Redis Stream 最旧 entry，拿到 oldest revision。
+2. 如果 `since_revision > 0` 且 `since_revision < oldest_revision - 1`，发送 `resync_required`。
+3. 从 Redis Stream 顺序扫描事件。
+4. 过滤 `revision > since_revision`。
+5. 过滤 `city IN subscribed_cities`。
+6. 返回最多 `replay_limit + 1` 条。
+7. 如果超过 `replay_limit`，发送 `resync_required`，让前端 HTTP resync。
+
+当前事件量很小，单个 stream 顺序扫描 24 小时事件是可以接受的：
+
+- 30 城市 * 1 条/分钟 * 24 小时 = 43,200 条。
+- replay 通常只发生在断线重连，不是高频查询。
+
+如果后续城市量扩大，或者确实需要超过 24 小时的 replay，再加 per-city stream 或 Redis sorted index。
+
+## Live Fanout
+
+每个 API worker 启动一个 Redis subscriber loop：
+
+```text
+XREAD BLOCK 5000 STREAMS stream:city_observation {last_seen_stream_id}
+```
+
+读取到事件后：
+
+1. 解析 `city_observation_patch.v1`。
+2. 按本进程 SSE 连接的 `cities` subscription 过滤。
+3. 推送给本进程匹配的浏览器连接。
+4. 更新 worker 内存中的 `last_seen_stream_id`。
+
+ingest endpoint 写入 Redis 后不直接广播本地连接，由 subscriber loop 统一 fanout。这样避免同一个 worker 上“写入后本地广播一次、subscriber 又广播一次”的重复事件。
+
+前端仍然用 revision 去重。即使极端情况下收到重复 revision，也应忽略旧 revision。
+
+## SQLite Fallback
+
+保留当前 SQLite store，但角色调整为：
+
+- 本地开发无需 Redis 时使用。
+- Redis 不可用且允许降级时使用。
+- 单实例临时运行时可用。
+
+新增环境变量：
+
+```text
+POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE=redis
+POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE_FALLBACK=sqlite
+POLYWEATHER_REDIS_URL=redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0
+POLYWEATHER_REDIS_STREAM_KEY=stream:city_observation
+POLYWEATHER_REDIS_STREAM_MAXLEN=50000
+POLYWEATHER_PATCH_EVENT_RETENTION_HOURS=24
+POLYWEATHER_REDIS_REQUIRED=true
+```
+
+推荐生产策略：
+
+- `POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE=redis`
+- `POLYWEATHER_REDIS_REQUIRED=true`
+- Redis 写入失败时 ingest 返回 503，不广播不可 replay 的事件。
+
+推荐本地策略：
+
+- 不配置 Redis，自动使用 SQLite。
+- 或 `POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE=sqlite`。
+
+## Redis 容量与配置
+
+当前 VPS 可以跑本机 Redis。
+
+建议：
+
+```text
+bind 127.0.0.1
+protected-mode yes
+appendonly yes
+appendfsync everysec
+maxmemory 512mb
+maxmemory-policy noeviction
+```
+
+默认 `MAXLEN ~ 50000` 足够约 24 小时事件：
+
+- 30 城市 * 1/min * 24h = 43,200 条。
+- payload 约 1-3 KB，实际内存取决于 Redis Stream overhead。
+- 512 MB Redis maxmemory 对当前事件量足够。
+
+注意：这个事件流不是永久数据仓库。超过 24 小时窗口后，前端应 HTTP resync 当前城市 detail。
+
+## 模块边界
+
+新增/调整后端接口：
+
+### `web/realtime_event_store.py`
+
+定义统一接口：
+
+```python
+class RealtimeEventStore:
+    def append_event(self, event: dict) -> dict: ...
+    def replay_events(self, *, cities: set[str] | None, since_revision: int, limit: int) -> list[dict]: ...
+    def replay_requires_resync(self, *, cities: set[str] | None, since_revision: int, replay_count: int, limit: int) -> bool: ...
+    def latest_revision(self) -> int: ...
+```
+
+保留现有 SQLite 实现，新增 Redis 实现。
+
+### `web/redis_realtime_event_store.py`
+
+职责：
+
+- Redis 连接与健康检查。
+- Lua append script。
+- Redis Stream replay。
+- maxlen trim。
+- entry 到 SSE event 的反序列化。
+
+### `web/sse_manager.py`
+
+职责：
+
+- 管理本进程 SSE 连接。
+- 记录每个连接订阅城市集合。
+- 将 Redis subscriber 读到的 event fanout 给匹配连接。
+
+### `web/routers/sse_router.py`
+
+职责：
+
+- `/api/internal/collector-patch` 规范化并写入 event store。
+- `/api/events` 处理 connected、replay、heartbeat、live stream。
+- 当 replay 不完整时发送 `resync_required`。
+
+### 前端
+
+前端原则上不需要大改：
+
+- `use-sse-patches.ts` 继续使用 `EventSource`。
+- `lastRevision` 仍然是 number。
+- `resync_required` 继续触发当前可见城市 HTTP detail refresh。
+- 继续按可见城市列表构建 `cities` 参数。
+
+## 运行流程
+
+### 首屏
+
+1. 前端 HTTP 加载 terminal rows。
+2. 可见图表 HTTP 加载 full detail。
+3. 前端连接 `/api/events?cities=...&since_revision=...&replay_limit=500`。
+4. 后端先 replay Redis Stream 中缺失事件，再进入 live stream。
+
+### 新观测
+
+1. 采集器产生 `city_patch` 或 v1 patch。
+2. ingest endpoint 规范化成 `city_observation_patch.v1`。
+3. Redis Lua script 写入 stream 并生成 revision。
+4. 每个 API worker 的 subscriber loop 读到事件。
+5. worker fanout 给订阅对应城市的 SSE 连接。
+6. 前端 apply patch，图表无痛追加点。
+
+### 浏览器后台恢复
+
+1. EventSource 如果断线，前端按指数退避重连。
+2. URL 带 `since_revision=lastRevision`。
+3. Redis replay 补齐后台期间错过的事件。
+4. 如果 revision 太旧或 replay 超限，前端收到 `resync_required`，HTTP 重拉 full detail。
+
+## 错误处理
+
+- Redis append 失败且 `POLYWEATHER_REDIS_REQUIRED=true`：ingest 返回 503，不广播。
+- Redis append 失败且允许 fallback：写入 SQLite，并在 health 状态标记 degraded。
+- Redis replay 失败：SSE 发送 `resync_required`，然后继续尝试 live stream。
+- Redis subscriber loop 断开：指数退避重连；期间 SSE heartbeat 仍可维持连接，但不会有 live patch。
+- 前端收到 revision 倒退或重复：忽略。
+- 前端收到未知 event type：忽略并记录 debug。
+
+## 监控与诊断
+
+新增健康指标：
+
+- 当前 event store mode: `redis` / `sqlite` / `degraded_sqlite`
+- Redis ping latency
+- latest revision
+- stream length
+- oldest revision
+- subscriber connected
+- SSE active connection count
+- dropped/resync_required count
+
+建议暴露到现有 health endpoint 或日志：
+
+```json
+{
+  "realtime": {
+    "store": "redis",
+    "redis_connected": true,
+    "stream_len": 43210,
+    "latest_revision": 123456,
+    "oldest_revision": 80200,
+    "subscriber_connected": true,
+    "sse_connections": 9
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## 测试策略
+
+后端：
+
+- Redis store append 会生成全局递增 numeric revision。
+- Redis replay 支持 city 过滤。
+- Redis replay 支持 `since_revision`。
+- Redis replay 超出 retention/limit 返回 resync required。
+- Redis 不可用时，根据 env 严格失败或 fallback SQLite。
+- SQLite store 现有测试保持通过。
+- SSE router 在 Redis store 下仍发送 connected、replay、heartbeat。
+
+前端：
+
+- `use-sse-patches.ts` 保持 `revision` numeric。
+- 重连 URL 保留 `since_revision`。
+- 收到 `resync_required` 会触发 visible city refresh。
+- 重复 revision 不重复追加图表点。
+
+验收命令：
+
+```powershell
+python -m pytest tests/test_realtime_patch_schema.py tests/test_realtime_event_store.py tests/test_sse_replay.py
+python -m pytest tests/test_redis_realtime_event_store.py
+cd frontend
+npm run test:business
+npm run typecheck
+npm run build
+```
+
+## 迁移步骤
+
+1. 保留现有 SQLite implementation，抽出 event store factory。
+2. 新增 Redis implementation 和单元测试。
+3. 新增 Redis subscriber loop，但先在本地开发环境跑。
+4. `/api/events` 接入 event store factory。
+5. 线上安装 Redis，只监听 `127.0.0.1`。
+6. 先用 `POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE=redis`、`POLYWEATHER_REDIS_REQUIRED=false` 灰度。
+7. 观察 stream length、latest revision、SSE error、resync count。
+8. 稳定后切换 `POLYWEATHER_REDIS_REQUIRED=true`。
+9. 保留 SQLite fallback 代码，但生产不主动降级，避免多实例状态分裂。
+
+## 验收标准
+
+- 断开浏览器网络 1-5 分钟后恢复，图表自动补齐期间 patch。
+- 后台挂页面再回来，图表不需要等待 full loading 才更新当前点。
+- 多 worker 下，任意 worker 写入的 patch 都能推到其他 worker 的 SSE 连接。
+- `/api/events?cities=taipei,shanghai&since_revision=...` 只 replay 指定城市。
+- Redis 重启后，前端收到 `resync_required` 并 HTTP 重建画面。
+- 前端无需知道 Redis 存在。
+- 现有 `city_observation_patch.v1` schema 不破坏。
+
+## 结论
+
+这是一种“一步到位但不过度设计”的方案：
+
+- 一步到位的是事件契约、replay、跨实例 fanout 和生产部署边界。
+- 不过度设计的是不用 Kafka、不做永久行情库、不重写前端协议。
+
+对当前产品最关键的是：图表像股票行情一样无痛刷新，断线可补，后台恢复可追上，多实例以后不用再推倒实时层。
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/LiveTemperatureThresholdChart.tsx b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/LiveTemperatureThresholdChart.tsx
index 4f6fab6f..ad9d8885 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/LiveTemperatureThresholdChart.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/LiveTemperatureThresholdChart.tsx
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import {
   normObs,
   prefersHighFrequencyRunwayResolution,
   readSessionCache,
+  selectDisplayRunwayTemp,
   seedHourlyForecastFromRow,
   shouldPollLiveChart,
   validNumber,
@@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ export function LiveTemperatureThresholdChart({
     () => getObservationDisplayMetrics(row, chartHourly, settlementPlate),
     [row, chartHourly, settlementPlate],
   );
-  const displayRunwayTemp = liveTemp ?? currentRunwayTemp;
+  const displayRunwayTemp = selectDisplayRunwayTemp(liveTemp, currentRunwayTemp, hasRunwayData);
   const wundergroundDailyHigh = validNumber(chartHourly?.airportCurrent?.max_so_far ?? chartHourly?.airportPrimary?.max_so_far) ?? null;
 
   const localDateStr = chartLocalDate || new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
@@ -786,3 +787,4 @@ export const __getObservationDisplayMetricsForTest = getObservationDisplayMetric
 export const __getPeakGlowStateForTest = getPeakGlowState;
 export const __shouldPollLiveChartForTest = shouldPollLiveChart;
 export const __mergePatchIntoHourlyForTest = mergePatchIntoHourly;
+export const __selectDisplayRunwayTempForTest = selectDisplayRunwayTemp;
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/ssePatchArchitecture.test.ts b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/ssePatchArchitecture.test.ts
index 2d2e029f..4cb70d25 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/ssePatchArchitecture.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/ssePatchArchitecture.test.ts
@@ -42,6 +42,20 @@ export function runTests() {
   assert(store.includes("replay_events"), "event store must expose replay_events");
   assert(store.includes("replay_requires_resync"), "event store must detect incomplete replay windows");
 
+  const redisStorePath = path.join(repoRoot, "web", "redis_realtime_event_store.py");
+  assert(fs.existsSync(redisStorePath), "backend must define a Redis Stream realtime event store");
+  const redisStore = fs.readFileSync(redisStorePath, "utf8");
+  assert(redisStore.includes("RedisRealtimeEventStore"), "Redis store must expose RedisRealtimeEventStore");
+  assert(redisStore.includes("XADD") && redisStore.includes("MAXLEN"), "Redis store must append patches to a bounded Redis Stream");
+  assert(redisStore.includes("xread"), "Redis store must support live fanout through Redis Stream reads");
+  assert(redisStore.includes("counter:city_observation_revision"), "Redis store must keep a numeric revision counter for frontend compatibility");
+
+  const storeFactoryPath = path.join(repoRoot, "web", "realtime_event_store_factory.py");
+  assert(fs.existsSync(storeFactoryPath), "backend must define a realtime event store factory");
+  const storeFactory = fs.readFileSync(storeFactoryPath, "utf8");
+  assert(storeFactory.includes("POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE"), "event store factory must select sqlite/redis from runtime config");
+  assert(storeFactory.includes("POLYWEATHER_REDIS_REQUIRED"), "event store factory must support strict Redis mode");
+
   const sseRouterPath = path.join(repoRoot, "web", "routers", "sse_router.py");
   assert(fs.existsSync(sseRouterPath), "FastAPI backend must define web/routers/sse_router.py");
   const sseRouter = fs.readFileSync(sseRouterPath, "utf8");
@@ -53,6 +67,9 @@ export function runTests() {
   assert(sseRouter.includes('"/api/internal/collector-patch"'), "SSE router must expose collector patch ingest endpoint");
   assert(sseRouter.includes("StreamingResponse"), "SSE route must return StreamingResponse");
   assert(sseRouter.includes('"text/event-stream"'), "SSE route must use text/event-stream media type");
+  assert(sseRouter.includes("create_realtime_event_store"), "SSE router must use the realtime event store factory");
+  assert(sseRouter.includes("_ensure_live_subscription"), "SSE router must start external live fanout when the store provides it");
+  assert(sseRouter.includes("uses_external_live_fanout"), "Redis-backed ingest must not directly broadcast duplicate local events");
 
   const appFactory = readRepoFile("web", "app_factory.py");
   assert(appFactory.includes("sse_router"), "FastAPI app factory must register the SSE router");
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/temperatureDefaultVisibilityPolicy.test.ts b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/temperatureDefaultVisibilityPolicy.test.ts
index a4a92497..c5f6e402 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/temperatureDefaultVisibilityPolicy.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/temperatureDefaultVisibilityPolicy.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   __getVisibleTemperatureSeriesForTest,
   __isTemperatureSeriesVisibleByDefaultForTest,
   __mergePatchIntoHourlyForTest,
+  __selectDisplayRunwayTempForTest,
 } from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/LiveTemperatureThresholdChart";
 
 function assert(condition: unknown, message: string): asserts condition {
@@ -396,6 +397,46 @@ export function runTests() {
     "Shenzhen HKO observation series should include the airportPrimaryTodayObs curve points",
   );
 
+  const hongKongCowinAndHko = __buildTemperatureChartDataForTest(
+    {
+      city: "hong kong",
+      local_date: "2026-05-27",
+      local_time: "10:42",
+      tz_offset_seconds: 8 * 60 * 60,
+      temp_symbol: "°C",
+    } as any,
+    {
+      localTime: "10:42",
+      times: ["00:00", "12:00", "18:00"],
+      temps: [27.2, 30.9, 27.6],
+      airportPrimary: {
+        source_code: "cowin_obs",
+        source_label: "CoWIN 6087",
+        station_label: "保良局陳守仁小學 1min (CoWIN)",
+        temp: 31.3,
+        obs_time: "2026-05-27T02:42:00Z",
+      },
+      airportPrimaryTodayObs: [
+        ["2026-05-27T02:40:00Z", 31.1],
+        ["2026-05-27T02:41:00Z", 31.2],
+        ["2026-05-27T02:42:00Z", 31.3],
+      ],
+      settlementTodayObs: [
+        { time: "2026-05-27T02:30:00Z", temp: 31.0 },
+        { time: "2026-05-27T02:40:00Z", temp: 31.2 },
+      ],
+    } as any,
+    "1D",
+  );
+  const hongKongCowinSeries = seriesByKey(hongKongCowinAndHko.series, "settlement") as any;
+  const hongKongHkoSeries = seriesByKey(hongKongCowinAndHko.series, "madis") as any;
+  assert(hongKongCowinSeries?.label === "CoWIN 6087", "Hong Kong should render CoWIN 6087 as the reference-station curve");
+  assert(
+    hongKongCowinSeries.values.filter((value: number | null) => value !== null).length >= 2,
+    "Hong Kong CoWIN 6087 curve should use airportPrimaryTodayObs history points",
+  );
+  assert(hongKongHkoSeries?.label === "HKO", "Hong Kong HKO settlement observations should remain visible as the HKO curve");
+
   const chengduFromAmosSnapshot = __buildTemperatureChartDataForTest(
     {
       city: "chengdu",
@@ -663,6 +704,49 @@ export function runTests() {
     "AMOS temp/dew tuples should not be misread as two runway temperature samples",
   );
 
+  const seoulRunwayMetrics = __getObservationDisplayMetricsForTest(
+    {
+      city: "seoul",
+      local_date: "2026-05-27",
+      local_time: "11:45",
+      tz_offset_seconds: 9 * 60 * 60,
+      current_temp: 23.0,
+      temp_symbol: "°C",
+    } as any,
+    {
+      localTime: "11:45",
+      times: ["00:00", "12:00", "18:00", "23:00"],
+      temps: [22.6, 22.6, 22.0, 21.4],
+      runwayPlateHistory: {
+        "15R/33L": [
+          { time: "2026-05-27T02:40:00Z", temp: 23.9 },
+          { time: "2026-05-27T02:45:00Z", temp: 24.3 },
+        ],
+        "16L/34R": [
+          { time: "2026-05-27T02:40:00Z", temp: 24.1 },
+          { time: "2026-05-27T02:45:00Z", temp: 24.7 },
+        ],
+      },
+      amos: {
+        source: "amos",
+        temp_c: 23.0,
+      },
+    } as any,
+    { maxTemp: 23.0 },
+  );
+  assert(
+    seoulRunwayMetrics.currentRunwayTemp === 24.3,
+    "runway header should use the latest settlement runway point instead of AMOS/METAR aggregate temp",
+  );
+  assert(
+    seoulRunwayMetrics.observedHighRunway === 24.3,
+    "runway high should follow settlement runway history before AMOS/METAR aggregate temp",
+  );
+  assert(
+    __selectDisplayRunwayTempForTest(23.0, 24.3, true) === 24.3,
+    "live aggregate temp should not override runway-history current temp when runway data is rendered",
+  );
+
   const newYorkMetrics = __getObservationDisplayMetricsForTest(
     {
       city: "new york",
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/temperature-chart-logic.ts b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/temperature-chart-logic.ts
index d1aec61c..60c56482 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/temperature-chart-logic.ts
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/temperature-chart-logic.ts
@@ -548,6 +548,35 @@ function maxObservationValue(obs: Array<{ ts: number; value: number }>) {
   return Math.max(...obs.map((point) => point.value));
 }
 
+function getRunwayHistoryObservationMetrics(
+  row: ScanOpportunityRow | null,
+  hourly: HourlyForecast,
+) {
+  const tzOffset = row?.tz_offset_seconds ?? 0;
+  const localDateStr = resolveChartLocalDate(row, hourly);
+  const localDayBounds = getLocalDayBounds(localDateStr);
+  const runwayHistorySeries = buildRunwayHistorySeries(row, hourly, tzOffset, localDateStr, 1)
+    .map((item) => ({
+      ...item,
+      points: filterTimelinePointsToLocalDay(item.points, localDayBounds),
+    }))
+    .filter((item) => item.points.length > 0);
+
+  const settlementSeries = runwayHistorySeries.filter((item) => item.isSettlement);
+  const candidateSeries = settlementSeries.length ? settlementSeries : runwayHistorySeries;
+  const points = candidateSeries.flatMap((item) => item.points);
+  if (!points.length) return { latest: null, high: null };
+
+  const latestTs = Math.max(...points.map((point) => point.ts));
+  const latestValues = points
+    .filter((point) => point.ts === latestTs)
+    .map((point) => point.value);
+  return {
+    latest: latestValues.length ? Math.max(...latestValues) : null,
+    high: Math.max(...points.map((point) => point.value)),
+  };
+}
+
 function hasRenderableLineSeries(series: EvidenceSeries[]) {
   return series.some(
     (item) => item.values.filter((value) => validNumber(value) !== null).length >= 2,
@@ -588,6 +617,7 @@ function getObservationDisplayMetrics(
   const airportCurrentTemp = validNumber(hourly?.airportCurrent?.temp) ?? validNumber(hourly?.airportPrimary?.temp);
   const airportHigh = validNumber(hourly?.airportCurrent?.max_so_far) ?? validNumber(hourly?.airportPrimary?.max_so_far);
   const rowMetarHigh = validNumber(row?.metar_context?.airport_max_so_far ?? row?.metar_context?.max_temp ?? row?.current_max_so_far);
+  const runwayHistoryMetrics = getRunwayHistoryObservationMetrics(row, hourly);
 
   const settlementCityKey = normalizeCityKey(row?.city);
   const isShenzhen = settlementCityKey === 'shenzhen';
@@ -616,14 +646,16 @@ function getObservationDisplayMetrics(
       null;
   } else {
     currentRunwayTemp =
-      validNumber(hourly?.amos?.temp_c) ??
+      runwayHistoryMetrics.latest ??
       settlementPlate?.maxTemp ??
+      validNumber(hourly?.amos?.temp_c) ??
       latestSettlement ??
       latestMetar ??
       airportCurrentTemp ??
       validNumber(row?.current_temp) ??
       null;
     observedHighRunway =
+      runwayHistoryMetrics.high ??
       settlementPlate?.maxTemp ??
       highSettlement ??
       airportHigh ??
@@ -638,6 +670,17 @@ function getObservationDisplayMetrics(
   return { currentRunwayTemp, observedHighMetar, observedHighRunway };
 }
 
+function selectDisplayRunwayTemp(
+  liveTemp: number | null,
+  currentRunwayTemp: number | null,
+  hasRunwayData: boolean,
+) {
+  if (hasRunwayData && currentRunwayTemp !== null) {
+    return currentRunwayTemp;
+  }
+  return liveTemp ?? currentRunwayTemp;
+}
+
 function isSettlementRunway(row: ScanOpportunityRow | null, rwy: string) {
   const cityKey = normalizeCityKey(row?.city);
   const settlementPairs = SETTLEMENT_RUNWAY_PAIRS[cityKey] || [];
@@ -1071,6 +1114,7 @@ function buildRunwayHistorySeries(
   hourly: HourlyForecast,
   tzOffset: number,
   localDateStr: string,
+  minPoints = 2,
 ): RunwayHistorySeries[] {
   const directHistory =
     hourly?.runwayPlateHistory ??
@@ -1100,7 +1144,7 @@ function buildRunwayHistorySeries(
           points,
         };
       })
-      .filter((series) => series.points.length > 1);
+      .filter((series) => series.points.length >= minPoints);
     if (directSeries.length) return directSeries;
   }
 
@@ -1153,7 +1197,7 @@ function buildRunwayHistorySeries(
           };
         })
         .filter((point) => validNumber(point.value) !== null);
-      if (values.length <= 1) return null;
+      if (values.length < minPoints) return null;
       return {
         key: runwaySeriesKey(rwy),
         label: `${rwy}${isSettlement ? " 结算跑道" : ""}`,
@@ -2047,6 +2091,7 @@ export {
   normalizeCityKey,
   prefersHighFrequencyRunwayResolution,
   readSessionCache,
+  selectDisplayRunwayTemp,
   seedHourlyForecastFromRow,
   seriesStats,
   shouldPollLiveChart,
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 8534c0f0..b93aee76 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ web3
 fastapi
 uvicorn
 websockets
+redis>=5.0.0
diff --git a/src/data_collection/country_networks.py b/src/data_collection/country_networks.py
index 1f35526b..6b366780 100644
--- a/src/data_collection/country_networks.py
+++ b/src/data_collection/country_networks.py
@@ -443,15 +443,30 @@ def _airport_primary_from_raw(city: str, raw: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
     cowin = raw.get("cowin_current") or {}
     if cowin.get("temp") is not None:
+        cowin_station_code = str(
+            cowin.get("istNo")
+            or cowin.get("station_code")
+            or cowin.get("station_id")
+            or ""
+        ).strip()
+        if not cowin_station_code:
+            raw_icao = str(cowin.get("icao") or "").strip().upper()
+            if raw_icao.startswith("COWIN") and raw_icao[5:]:
+                cowin_station_code = raw_icao[5:]
         return _normalize_station_row(
-            station_code=meta.get("icao") or str(cowin.get("icao") or "COWIN6087"),
-            station_label=meta.get("airport_name") or cowin.get("station_label") or meta.get("icao"),
+            station_code=cowin_station_code or "6087",
+            station_label=(
+                cowin.get("station_label")
+                or cowin.get("station_name")
+                or meta.get("airport_name")
+                or "CoWIN 6087"
+            ),
             temp=_safe_float(cowin["temp"]),
             obs_time=str(cowin.get("obs_time") or metar.get("observation_time") or ""),
             source_code="cowin_obs",
             source_label="CoWIN 6087",
             is_official=True,
-            is_airport_station=True,
+            is_airport_station=False,
             is_settlement_anchor=False,
             extra={
                 "max_so_far": _safe_float(current.get("max_temp_so_far")),
diff --git a/tests/test_country_networks.py b/tests/test_country_networks.py
index d69f9dbd..2fa96c85 100644
--- a/tests/test_country_networks.py
+++ b/tests/test_country_networks.py
@@ -306,6 +306,58 @@ def test_hko_provider_marks_explicit_official_station_as_anchor():
     assert snapshot["official_nearby"][0]["station_code"] == "LFS"
 
 
+def test_hong_kong_cowin_primary_uses_station_6087_history(monkeypatch):
+    from src.database import runtime_state
+
+    requested = {}
+
+    class FakeOfficialIntradayObservationRepository:
+        def load_points(self, *, source_code, station_code, target_date):
+            requested["source_code"] = source_code
+            requested["station_code"] = station_code
+            requested["target_date"] = target_date
+            if source_code == "cowin_obs" and station_code == "6087":
+                return [
+                    {"time": "10:40", "temp": 31.1},
+                    {"time": "10:41", "temp": 31.3},
+                ]
+            return []
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        runtime_state,
+        "OfficialIntradayObservationRepository",
+        FakeOfficialIntradayObservationRepository,
+    )
+
+    snapshot = build_country_network_snapshot(
+        "hong kong",
+        {
+            "cowin_current": {
+                "temp": 31.3,
+                "obs_time": "2026-05-27T02:41:00Z",
+                "istNo": "6087",
+                "icao": "COWIN6087",
+                "station_label": "保良局陳守仁小學 1min (CoWIN)",
+            },
+            "settlement_current": {
+                "station_code": "HKO",
+                "station_name": "HK Observatory",
+                "observation_time": "2026-05-27T10:40:00+08:00",
+                "current": {"temp": 31.2},
+            },
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert snapshot["airport_primary_current"]["source_code"] == "cowin_obs"
+    assert snapshot["airport_primary_current"]["station_code"] == "6087"
+    assert "陳守仁" in snapshot["airport_primary_current"]["station_label"]
+    assert requested["station_code"] == "6087"
+    assert snapshot["airport_primary_today_obs"] == [
+        {"time": "10:40", "temp": 31.1},
+        {"time": "10:41", "temp": 31.3},
+    ]
+
+
 def test_moscow_provider_uses_realtime_metar_cluster_not_station_archive_rows():
     raw = {
         "metar": {
diff --git a/tests/test_realtime_event_store_factory.py b/tests/test_realtime_event_store_factory.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77343bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_realtime_event_store_factory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import pytest
+
+from web.realtime_event_store import RealtimeEventStore
+from web.realtime_event_store_factory import create_realtime_event_store
+from web.redis_realtime_event_store import RedisRealtimeEventStore
+
+
+class FakeRedis:
+    pass
+
+
+def test_event_store_factory_uses_sqlite_by_default(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    monkeypatch.delenv("POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE", raising=False)
+
+    store = create_realtime_event_store(db_path=str(tmp_path / "polyweather.db"))
+
+    assert isinstance(store, RealtimeEventStore)
+
+
+def test_event_store_factory_uses_redis_when_configured(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE", "redis")
+
+    store = create_realtime_event_store(redis_client=FakeRedis())
+
+    assert isinstance(store, RedisRealtimeEventStore)
+
+
+def test_event_store_factory_falls_back_to_sqlite_when_redis_is_optional(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE", "redis")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("POLYWEATHER_REDIS_REQUIRED", "false")
+
+    def broken_redis_store(**_kwargs):
+        raise RuntimeError("redis down")
+
+    store = create_realtime_event_store(
+        db_path=str(tmp_path / "polyweather.db"),
+        redis_store_builder=broken_redis_store,
+    )
+
+    assert isinstance(store, RealtimeEventStore)
+    assert getattr(store, "degraded_from", None) == "redis"
+
+
+def test_event_store_factory_raises_when_redis_is_required(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE", "redis")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("POLYWEATHER_REDIS_REQUIRED", "true")
+
+    def broken_redis_store(**_kwargs):
+        raise RuntimeError("redis down")
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="redis down"):
+        create_realtime_event_store(
+            db_path=str(tmp_path / "polyweather.db"),
+            redis_store_builder=broken_redis_store,
+        )
diff --git a/tests/test_redis_realtime_event_store.py b/tests/test_redis_realtime_event_store.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e162ec7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_redis_realtime_event_store.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+from web.redis_realtime_event_store import RedisRealtimeEventStore
+from web.realtime_patch_schema import normalize_observation_patch
+
+
+class FakeRedis:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.counter = 0
+        self.entries = []
+
+    def eval(self, _script, _numkeys, stream_key, counter_key, *args):
+        (
+            maxlen,
+            event_type,
+            schema_type,
+            schema_version,
+            city,
+            source,
+            obs_time,
+            payload_json,
+            created_at_ms,
+            ts,
+            producer_id,
+        ) = args
+        self.counter += 1
+        stream_id = f"{created_at_ms}-{self.counter}"
+        fields = {
+            "revision": str(self.counter),
+            "type": event_type,
+            "schema_type": schema_type,
+            "schema_version": str(schema_version),
+            "city": city,
+            "source": source,
+            "obs_time": obs_time,
+            "payload_json": payload_json,
+            "created_at_ms": str(created_at_ms),
+            "ts": str(ts),
+            "producer_id": producer_id,
+        }
+        self.entries.append((stream_id, fields))
+        trim_to = int(maxlen)
+        if trim_to > 0 and len(self.entries) > trim_to:
+            self.entries = self.entries[-trim_to:]
+        return [self.counter, stream_id]
+
+    def get(self, key):
+        if key == "counter:city_observation_revision":
+            return str(self.counter)
+        return None
+
+    def xrange(self, stream_key, min="-", max="+", count=None):
+        rows = list(self.entries)
+        if count is not None:
+            rows = rows[: int(count)]
+        return rows
+
+
+def _event(city: str, temp: float, source: str = "cwa"):
+    return normalize_observation_patch(
+        {
+            "city": city,
+            "changes": {
+                "temp": temp,
+                "obs_time": "2026-05-27T10:00:00+08:00",
+                "source": source,
+            },
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def test_redis_event_store_appends_monotonic_revisions_and_replays_by_city():
+    store = RedisRealtimeEventStore(redis_client=FakeRedis(), maxlen=10, producer_id="test")
+
+    taipei = store.append_event(_event("taipei", 34.2))
+    seoul = store.append_event(_event("seoul", 21.5, source="amos"))
+    taipei_next = store.append_event(_event("taipei", 34.4))
+
+    assert taipei["revision"] == 1
+    assert seoul["revision"] == 2
+    assert taipei_next["revision"] == 3
+    assert store.latest_revision() == 3
+
+    replay = store.replay_events(cities={"taipei"}, since_revision=1, limit=10)
+
+    assert [event["revision"] for event in replay] == [3]
+    assert replay[0]["city"] == "taipei"
+    assert replay[0]["payload"]["temp"] == 34.4
+
+
+def test_redis_event_store_preserves_time_contract_on_replay():
+    store = RedisRealtimeEventStore(redis_client=FakeRedis(), maxlen=10, producer_id="test")
+
+    stored = store.append_event(
+        normalize_observation_patch(
+            {
+                "city": "toronto",
+                "changes": {
+                    "temp": 26,
+                    "obs_time": "2026-05-27T23:16:00Z",
+                    "source": "metar",
+                },
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    replayed = store.replay_events(cities={"toronto"}, since_revision=0, limit=10)[0]
+
+    assert stored["observed_at_utc"] == "2026-05-27T23:16:00Z"
+    assert replayed["observed_at_local"] == "2026-05-27T19:16:00-04:00"
+    assert replayed["city_timezone"] == "America/Toronto"
+
+
+def test_redis_event_store_reports_replay_gap_when_limit_is_exceeded():
+    store = RedisRealtimeEventStore(redis_client=FakeRedis(), maxlen=10, producer_id="test")
+
+    for temp in [30.0, 30.5, 31.0]:
+        store.append_event(_event("hong kong", temp, source="hko"))
+
+    replay = store.replay_events(cities={"hong kong"}, since_revision=0, limit=2)
+
+    assert [event["revision"] for event in replay] == [1, 2]
+    assert store.replay_requires_resync(
+        cities={"hong kong"},
+        since_revision=0,
+        replay_count=len(replay),
+        limit=2,
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_sse_replay.py b/tests/test_sse_replay.py
index a3759f52..d3e0d40d 100644
--- a/tests/test_sse_replay.py
+++ b/tests/test_sse_replay.py
@@ -131,3 +131,52 @@ def test_replay_limit_is_bounded():
     assert sse_router._bounded_replay_limit(0) == 1
     assert sse_router._bounded_replay_limit(500) == 500
     assert sse_router._bounded_replay_limit(5000) == 2000
+
+
+def test_ingest_patch_uses_external_fanout_without_direct_broadcast(monkeypatch):
+    class FakeExternalStore:
+        uses_external_live_fanout = True
+
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.started = 0
+
+        def start_live_subscription(self, callback):
+            self.started += 1
+            self.callback = callback
+
+        def append_event(self, event):
+            return {
+                **event,
+                "revision": 12,
+            }
+
+    class FakeManager:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.broadcasted = []
+
+        def broadcast_event(self, event):
+            self.broadcasted.append(event)
+            return event
+
+    store = FakeExternalStore()
+    manager = FakeManager()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sse_router, "event_store", store)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sse_router, "sse_manager", manager)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sse_router, "_live_subscription_started", False)
+
+    response = TestClient(app).post(
+        "/api/internal/collector-patch",
+        json={
+            "city": "taipei",
+            "changes": {
+                "temp": 34.2,
+                "source": "cwa",
+                "obs_time": "2026-05-27T10:00:00+08:00",
+            },
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json()["revision"] == 12
+    assert store.started == 1
+    assert manager.broadcasted == []
diff --git a/tests/test_web_observability.py b/tests/test_web_observability.py
index 910f6a0c..20dc0cc2 100644
--- a/tests/test_web_observability.py
+++ b/tests/test_web_observability.py
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ def test_system_status_returns_summary_shape():
     assert payload['probability']['engine_mode'] == 'legacy'
     assert 'training_data' in payload
     assert 'station_networks' in payload
+    assert 'realtime' in payload
+    assert payload['realtime']['store'] in {'sqlite', 'redis', 'degraded_sqlite'}
+    assert 'latest_revision' in payload['realtime']
+    assert 'sse_connections' in payload['realtime']
     assert 'truth_records' in payload['training_data']
     assert 'training_features' in payload['training_data']
     assert 'city_coverage' in payload['training_data']
diff --git a/web/realtime_event_store_factory.py b/web/realtime_event_store_factory.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bd0f35a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/realtime_event_store_factory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"""Factory for selecting the realtime observation event store."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+from web.realtime_event_store import RealtimeEventStore
+from web.redis_realtime_event_store import RedisRealtimeEventStore
+
+
+def _truthy(value: Optional[str], *, default: bool = False) -> bool:
+    raw = str(value or "").strip().lower()
+    if not raw:
+        return default
+    return raw in {"1", "true", "yes", "on"}
+
+
+def create_realtime_event_store(
+    *,
+    db_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    redis_client: Any = None,
+    redis_store_builder: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+) -> Any:
+    mode = str(os.getenv("POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE") or "sqlite").strip().lower()
+    if mode in {"", "sqlite"}:
+        return RealtimeEventStore(db_path=db_path)
+
+    if mode != "redis":
+        logger.warning(f"Unknown POLYWEATHER_EVENT_STORE={mode!r}; using sqlite event store")
+        return RealtimeEventStore(db_path=db_path)
+
+    builder = redis_store_builder or RedisRealtimeEventStore
+    try:
+        kwargs = {"redis_client": redis_client} if redis_client is not None else {}
+        return builder(**kwargs)
+    except Exception:
+        if _truthy(os.getenv("POLYWEATHER_REDIS_REQUIRED"), default=True):
+            raise
+        logger.exception("Redis realtime event store unavailable; falling back to sqlite")
+        fallback = RealtimeEventStore(db_path=db_path)
+        setattr(fallback, "degraded_from", "redis")
+        return fallback
diff --git a/web/redis_realtime_event_store.py b/web/redis_realtime_event_store.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d64baa4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/redis_realtime_event_store.py
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+"""Redis Stream-backed realtime observation event store."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import socket
+import threading
+import time
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+from web.realtime_event_store import MAX_REPLAY_LIMIT, TIME_CONTRACT_KEYS
+from web.realtime_patch_schema import EVENT_TYPE
+
+
+DEFAULT_STREAM_KEY = "stream:city_observation"
+DEFAULT_COUNTER_KEY = "counter:city_observation_revision"
+DEFAULT_MAXLEN = 50000
+
+APPEND_EVENT_SCRIPT = """
+local revision = redis.call('INCR', KEYS[2])
+local stream_id = redis.call(
+  'XADD', KEYS[1], 'MAXLEN', '~', ARGV[1], '*',
+  'revision', revision,
+  'type', ARGV[2],
+  'schema_type', ARGV[3],
+  'schema_version', ARGV[4],
+  'city', ARGV[5],
+  'source', ARGV[6],
+  'obs_time', ARGV[7],
+  'payload_json', ARGV[8],
+  'created_at_ms', ARGV[9],
+  'ts', ARGV[10],
+  'producer_id', ARGV[11]
+)
+return {revision, stream_id}
+"""
+
+
+def _decode(value: Any) -> str:
+    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+        return value.decode("utf-8")
+    return str(value or "")
+
+
+def _normalize_city_set(cities: Optional[Iterable[str]]) -> Set[str]:
+    return {str(city or "").strip().lower() for city in (cities or set()) if str(city or "").strip()}
+
+
+def _time_contract_from_payload(payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    return {key: payload[key] for key in TIME_CONTRACT_KEYS if key in payload}
+
+
+def _int_or_zero(value: Any) -> int:
+    try:
+        return int(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return 0
+
+
+class RedisRealtimeEventStore:
+    """Persist replayable observation patch events in a Redis Stream."""
+
+    uses_external_live_fanout = True
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        redis_url: Optional[str] = None,
+        redis_client: Any = None,
+        stream_key: Optional[str] = None,
+        counter_key: Optional[str] = None,
+        maxlen: Optional[int] = None,
+        producer_id: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.stream_key = stream_key or os.getenv("POLYWEATHER_REDIS_STREAM_KEY") or DEFAULT_STREAM_KEY
+        self.counter_key = counter_key or os.getenv("POLYWEATHER_REDIS_COUNTER_KEY") or DEFAULT_COUNTER_KEY
+        self.maxlen = max(1, int(maxlen or os.getenv("POLYWEATHER_REDIS_STREAM_MAXLEN") or DEFAULT_MAXLEN))
+        self.producer_id = producer_id or os.getenv("POLYWEATHER_INSTANCE_ID") or socket.gethostname()
+        self._client = redis_client or self._build_client(redis_url)
+        self._subscriber_lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._subscriber_thread: Optional[threading.Thread] = None
+        self._subscriber_stop: Optional[threading.Event] = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_client(redis_url: Optional[str]) -> Any:
+        try:
+            import redis  # type: ignore
+        except ImportError as exc:
+            raise RuntimeError("redis package is required for Redis realtime event store") from exc
+
+        url = redis_url or os.getenv("POLYWEATHER_REDIS_URL") or "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0"
+        client = redis.Redis.from_url(
+            url,
+            socket_timeout=5,
+            socket_connect_timeout=5,
+            health_check_interval=30,
+        )
+        client.ping()
+        return client
+
+    def append_event(self, event: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        if event.get("type") != EVENT_TYPE:
+            raise ValueError("unsupported realtime event type")
+        payload = event.get("payload")
+        if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+            raise ValueError("event payload must be an object")
+
+        created_at_ms = int(time.time() * 1000)
+        ts = int(event.get("ts") or created_at_ms)
+        payload_json = json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=False, separators=(",", ":"))
+        result = self._client.eval(
+            APPEND_EVENT_SCRIPT,
+            2,
+            self.stream_key,
+            self.counter_key,
+            self.maxlen,
+            str(event["type"]),
+            str(event["schema_type"]),
+            int(event["schema_version"]),
+            str(event["city"]),
+            str(event["source"]),
+            str(event.get("obs_time") or ""),
+            payload_json,
+            created_at_ms,
+            ts,
+            self.producer_id,
+        )
+        revision = int(_decode(result[0] if isinstance(result, (list, tuple)) else result))
+        return {
+            "type": event["type"],
+            "revision": revision,
+            "city": str(event["city"]),
+            "source": str(event["source"]),
+            "obs_time": event.get("obs_time"),
+            **_time_contract_from_payload(payload),
+            "ts": ts,
+            "payload": payload,
+        }
+
+    def latest_revision(self) -> int:
+        value = self._client.get(self.counter_key)
+        revision = _int_or_zero(_decode(value))
+        if revision:
+            return revision
+        return max((event["revision"] for event in self._all_events()), default=0)
+
+    def status(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        out: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "store": "redis",
+            "redis_connected": False,
+            "stream_key": self.stream_key,
+            "latest_revision": 0,
+            "stream_len": None,
+            "oldest_revision": None,
+            "subscriber_connected": bool(
+                self._subscriber_thread and self._subscriber_thread.is_alive()
+            ),
+        }
+        try:
+            ping = getattr(self._client, "ping", None)
+            if callable(ping):
+                ping()
+            out["redis_connected"] = True
+            out["latest_revision"] = self.latest_revision()
+            xlen = getattr(self._client, "xlen", None)
+            if callable(xlen):
+                out["stream_len"] = int(xlen(self.stream_key))
+            events = self._all_events()
+            if events:
+                out["oldest_revision"] = min(int(event["revision"]) for event in events)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            out["error"] = str(exc)
+        return out
+
+    def replay_events(
+        self,
+        *,
+        cities: Optional[Set[str]],
+        since_revision: int,
+        limit: int,
+    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        city_set = _normalize_city_set(cities)
+        since = max(0, int(since_revision or 0))
+        bounded_limit = max(1, min(MAX_REPLAY_LIMIT, int(limit or 1)))
+        replay: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+        for event in self._all_events():
+            if int(event.get("revision") or 0) <= since:
+                continue
+            if city_set and str(event.get("city") or "").strip().lower() not in city_set:
+                continue
+            replay.append(event)
+            if len(replay) >= bounded_limit:
+                break
+        return replay
+
+    def replay_requires_resync(
+        self,
+        *,
+        cities: Optional[Set[str]],
+        since_revision: int,
+        replay_count: int,
+        limit: int,
+    ) -> bool:
+        city_set = _normalize_city_set(cities)
+        since = max(0, int(since_revision or 0))
+        matching_events = [
+            event
+            for event in self._all_events()
+            if not city_set or str(event.get("city") or "").strip().lower() in city_set
+        ]
+        if not matching_events:
+            return False
+
+        min_revision = min(int(event["revision"]) for event in matching_events)
+        if since > 0 and since < min_revision - 1:
+            return True
+        bounded_limit = max(1, int(limit or 1))
+        if int(replay_count or 0) < bounded_limit:
+            return False
+        return sum(1 for event in matching_events if int(event["revision"]) > since) > bounded_limit
+
+    def start_live_subscription(self, callback: Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], None]) -> None:
+        with self._subscriber_lock:
+            if self._subscriber_thread and self._subscriber_thread.is_alive():
+                return
+            self._subscriber_stop = threading.Event()
+            self._subscriber_thread = threading.Thread(
+                target=self._live_subscription_loop,
+                args=(callback, self._subscriber_stop),
+                name="polyweather-redis-realtime-subscriber",
+                daemon=True,
+            )
+            self._subscriber_thread.start()
+
+    def stop_live_subscription(self) -> None:
+        with self._subscriber_lock:
+            if self._subscriber_stop:
+                self._subscriber_stop.set()
+            self._subscriber_thread = None
+            self._subscriber_stop = None
+
+    def _live_subscription_loop(
+        self,
+        callback: Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], None],
+        stop_event: threading.Event,
+    ) -> None:
+        last_seen_id = "$"
+        while not stop_event.is_set():
+            try:
+                rows = self._client.xread({self.stream_key: last_seen_id}, count=100, block=5000)
+                for _stream_name, entries in rows or []:
+                    for entry_id, fields in entries:
+                        last_seen_id = _decode(entry_id)
+                        callback(self._entry_to_event(entry_id, fields))
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning(f"Redis realtime subscriber disconnected: {exc}")
+                stop_event.wait(2.0)
+
+    def _all_events(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        rows = self._client.xrange(self.stream_key, min="-", max="+")
+        return [self._entry_to_event(entry_id, fields) for entry_id, fields in rows or []]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _entry_to_event(entry_id: Any, fields: Dict[Any, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        normalized = {_decode(key): _decode(value) for key, value in dict(fields or {}).items()}
+        payload = json.loads(normalized.get("payload_json") or "{}")
+        schema_type = normalized.get("schema_type") or "city_observation_patch"
+        schema_version = int(normalized.get("schema_version") or 1)
+        created_at_ms = _int_or_zero(normalized.get("created_at_ms")) or int(time.time() * 1000)
+        ts = _int_or_zero(normalized.get("ts")) or created_at_ms
+        obs_time = normalized.get("obs_time") or None
+        return {
+            "type": normalized.get("type") or f"{schema_type}.v{schema_version}",
+            "revision": int(normalized["revision"]),
+            "city": normalized.get("city") or "",
+            "source": normalized.get("source") or "",
+            "obs_time": obs_time,
+            **_time_contract_from_payload(payload if isinstance(payload, dict) else {}),
+            "ts": ts,
+            "payload": payload if isinstance(payload, dict) else {},
+        }
diff --git a/web/routers/sse_router.py b/web/routers/sse_router.py
index d5d2ccc8..3234a1e4 100644
--- a/web/routers/sse_router.py
+++ b/web/routers/sse_router.py
@@ -3,18 +3,22 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import time
+import threading
 from typing import Any, Optional, Set
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, Query, Request
 from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
 
-from web.realtime_event_store import RealtimeEventStore, MAX_REPLAY_LIMIT
+from web.realtime_event_store import MAX_REPLAY_LIMIT
+from web.realtime_event_store_factory import create_realtime_event_store
 from web.realtime_patch_schema import PatchValidationError, normalize_observation_patch
 from web.sse_manager import sse_manager
 
 
 router = APIRouter(tags=["events"])
-event_store = RealtimeEventStore()
+event_store = create_realtime_event_store()
+_live_subscription_lock = threading.Lock()
+_live_subscription_started = False
 
 
 def _parse_cities_param(cities: str) -> Set[str]:
@@ -33,6 +37,18 @@ def _bounded_replay_limit(value: int) -> int:
     return max(1, min(MAX_REPLAY_LIMIT, limit))
 
 
+def _ensure_live_subscription() -> None:
+    starter = getattr(event_store, "start_live_subscription", None)
+    if not callable(starter):
+        return
+    global _live_subscription_started
+    with _live_subscription_lock:
+        if _live_subscription_started:
+            return
+        starter(sse_manager.broadcast_event)
+        _live_subscription_started = True
+
+
 @router.options("/api/events")
 async def sse_events_preflight(request: Request):
     return {"ok": True}
@@ -50,6 +66,7 @@ async def sse_events(
     allowed = origin in {"https://polyweather.top", "https://www.polyweather.top", "http://localhost:3000"}
     city_set = _parse_cities_param(cities)
     limit = _bounded_replay_limit(replay_limit)
+    _ensure_live_subscription()
     latest_revision = event_store.latest_revision()
     replay_events = []
     resync_event = None
@@ -107,10 +124,13 @@ async def ingest_patch(patch: dict[str, Any]):
     except PatchValidationError as exc:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(exc)) from exc
 
+    _ensure_live_subscription()
+
     try:
         event = event_store.append_event(normalized)
     except Exception as exc:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="event log write failed") from exc
 
-    sse_manager.broadcast_event(event)
+    if not bool(getattr(event_store, "uses_external_live_fanout", False)):
+        sse_manager.broadcast_event(event)
     return {"ok": True, "revision": event["revision"]}
diff --git a/web/services/system_api.py b/web/services/system_api.py
index a59e2899..eb2cd429 100644
--- a/web/services/system_api.py
+++ b/web/services/system_api.py
@@ -23,7 +23,35 @@ def get_health_payload() -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
 
 async def get_system_status_payload() -> Dict[str, Any]:
-    return await run_in_threadpool(build_system_status_payload)
+    payload = await run_in_threadpool(build_system_status_payload)
+    payload["realtime"] = await run_in_threadpool(_realtime_status_payload)
+    return payload
+
+
+def _realtime_status_payload() -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    try:
+        from web.routers import sse_router
+
+        store = sse_router.event_store
+        status_fn = getattr(store, "status", None)
+        if callable(status_fn):
+            status = dict(status_fn())
+        else:
+            store_name = "degraded_sqlite" if getattr(store, "degraded_from", None) == "redis" else "sqlite"
+            status = {
+                "store": store_name,
+                "latest_revision": int(store.latest_revision()),
+            }
+        connection_count = getattr(sse_router.sse_manager, "connection_count", None)
+        status["sse_connections"] = int(connection_count()) if callable(connection_count) else 0
+        return status
+    except Exception as exc:
+        return {
+            "store": "unknown",
+            "latest_revision": 0,
+            "sse_connections": 0,
+            "error": str(exc),
+        }
 
 
 def get_system_cache_status(request: Request, cities: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
diff --git a/web/sse_manager.py b/web/sse_manager.py
index 475f71ef..c74b3006 100644
--- a/web/sse_manager.py
+++ b/web/sse_manager.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ class SseManager:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self._queues: DefaultDict[str, set[asyncio.Queue[dict[str, Any]]]] = defaultdict(set)
         self._queue_cities: dict[int, frozenset[str]] = {}
+        self._queue_loops: dict[int, asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] = {}
         self._lock = threading.RLock()
         self._revision = 0
 
@@ -49,6 +50,10 @@ class SseManager:
             if revision > self._revision:
                 self._revision = revision
 
+    def connection_count(self) -> int:
+        with self._lock:
+            return sum(len(queue_set) for queue_set in self._queues.values())
+
     def broadcast(self, city: str, changes: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         event = {
             "type": "city_patch",
@@ -69,26 +74,37 @@ class SseManager:
 
         with self._lock:
             queue_items = [
-                (queue, self._queue_cities.get(id(queue), frozenset()))
+                (
+                    queue,
+                    self._queue_cities.get(id(queue), frozenset()),
+                    self._queue_loops.get(id(queue)),
+                )
                 for queue_set in self._queues.values()
                 for queue in queue_set
             ]
 
-        for queue, subscribed_cities in queue_items:
+        for queue, subscribed_cities, loop in queue_items:
             if subscribed_cities and city not in subscribed_cities:
                 continue
+            if loop and loop.is_running():
+                loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self._put_queue_event, queue, event)
+                continue
+            self._put_queue_event(queue, event)
+        return event
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _put_queue_event(queue: asyncio.Queue[dict[str, Any]], event: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        try:
+            queue.put_nowait(event)
+        except asyncio.QueueFull:
+            try:
+                queue.get_nowait()
+            except asyncio.QueueEmpty:
+                pass
             try:
                 queue.put_nowait(event)
             except asyncio.QueueFull:
-                try:
-                    queue.get_nowait()
-                except asyncio.QueueEmpty:
-                    pass
-                try:
-                    queue.put_nowait(event)
-                except asyncio.QueueFull:
-                    pass
-        return event
+                pass
 
     async def event_stream(
         self,
@@ -102,9 +118,11 @@ class SseManager:
         user_key = str(user_id or "anon")
         city_set = frozenset(self._normalize_city_set(cities))
         queue: asyncio.Queue[dict[str, Any]] = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=QUEUE_MAXSIZE)
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
         with self._lock:
             self._queues[user_key].add(queue)
             self._queue_cities[id(queue)] = city_set
+            self._queue_loops[id(queue)] = loop
             if connected_revision is not None:
                 self._revision = max(self._revision, int(connected_revision or 0))
 
@@ -138,6 +156,7 @@ class SseManager:
             with self._lock:
                 self._queues[user_key].discard(queue)
                 self._queue_cities.pop(id(queue), None)
+                self._queue_loops.pop(id(queue), None)
                 if not self._queues[user_key]:
                     self._queues.pop(user_key, None)