diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/CalendarView.tsx b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/CalendarView.tsx
index df6a0ebf..286448c9 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/CalendarView.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/CalendarView.tsx
@@ -4,298 +4,14 @@ import type { ScanOpportunityRow } from "@/lib/dashboard-types";
 import { getLocalizedCityName } from "@/lib/dashboard-home-copy";
 import { formatTemperatureValue } from "@/lib/temperature-utils";
 import {
-  formatShortDate,
-  getPeakCountdownMeta,
-} from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/decision-utils";
-
-const CALENDAR_UPCOMING_HORIZON_MINUTES = 12 * 60;
-const CALENDAR_POST_PEAK_GRACE_MINUTES = 3 * 60;
-const MINUTE_MS = 60_000;
-
-type CalendarMeta = ReturnType<typeof getPeakCountdownMeta> & {
-  localWindowLabel?: string | null;
-  cityWindowLabel?: string | null;
-  startAtMs?: number | null;
-  endAtMs?: number | null;
-};
-
-type CalendarActionGroup = {
-  key: "now" | "next" | "later" | "past";
-  label: string;
-  subtitle: string;
-  sort: number;
-};
-
-type CalendarActionItem = {
-  row: ScanOpportunityRow;
-  meta: CalendarMeta;
-  reason: string;
-};
-
-function normalizeCalendarCityKey(value?: string | null) {
-  return String(value || "")
-    .trim()
-    .toLowerCase()
-    .replace(/[\s_-]+/g, "");
-}
-
-function getCalendarCardKey(row: ScanOpportunityRow) {
-  const city =
-    normalizeCalendarCityKey(row.city) ||
-    normalizeCalendarCityKey(row.city_display_name) ||
-    normalizeCalendarCityKey(row.display_name);
-  const date = String(row.selected_date || row.local_date || "").trim();
-  return `${city || row.id}:${date || "date-unknown"}`;
-}
-
-function getCalendarRowScore(row: ScanOpportunityRow) {
-  return Number(row.final_score || 0) * 1000 + Number(row.edge_percent || 0);
-}
-
-function dedupeCalendarRows(rows: ScanOpportunityRow[]) {
-  const bestByCard = new Map<string, ScanOpportunityRow>();
-  rows.forEach((row) => {
-    const key = getCalendarCardKey(row);
-    const current = bestByCard.get(key);
-    if (!current || getCalendarRowScore(row) > getCalendarRowScore(current)) {
-      bestByCard.set(key, row);
-    }
-  });
-  return [...bestByCard.values()];
-}
-
-function finiteCalendarNumber(value?: number | null) {
-  const numeric = Number(value);
-  return Number.isFinite(numeric) ? numeric : null;
-}
-
-function formatUserLocalDate(value: Date, locale: string) {
-  return value.toLocaleDateString(locale === "en-US" ? "en-US" : "zh-CN", {
-    month: "short",
-    day: "numeric",
-  });
-}
-
-function formatUserLocalTime(value: Date, locale: string) {
-  return value.toLocaleTimeString(locale === "en-US" ? "en-US" : "zh-CN", {
-    hour: "2-digit",
-    minute: "2-digit",
-  });
-}
-
-function formatUserLocalWindow(
-  startAtMs: number,
-  endAtMs: number,
-  locale: string,
-) {
-  const start = new Date(startAtMs);
-  const end = new Date(endAtMs);
-  const startDate = formatUserLocalDate(start, locale);
-  const endDate = formatUserLocalDate(end, locale);
-  const startTime = formatUserLocalTime(start, locale);
-  const endTime = formatUserLocalTime(end, locale);
-  if (start.toDateString() === end.toDateString()) {
-    return `${startDate} ${startTime}-${endTime}`;
-  }
-  return `${startDate} ${startTime} → ${endDate} ${endTime}`;
-}
-
-function buildCalendarMeta(
-  row: ScanOpportunityRow,
-  locale: string,
-  snapshotMs: number,
-  nowMs: number,
-): CalendarMeta {
-  const startDelta = finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_start);
-  const endDelta = finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_end);
-  if (startDelta === null || endDelta === null) {
-    const fallback = getPeakCountdownMeta(row, locale);
-    return {
-      ...fallback,
-      cityWindowLabel: fallback.detail,
-      localWindowLabel: null,
-      startAtMs: null,
-      endAtMs: null,
-    };
-  }
-
-  const startAtMs = snapshotMs + startDelta * MINUTE_MS;
-  const endAtMs = snapshotMs + endDelta * MINUTE_MS;
-  const liveStartDelta = (startAtMs - nowMs) / MINUTE_MS;
-  const liveEndDelta = (endAtMs - nowMs) / MINUTE_MS;
-  const meta = getPeakCountdownMeta(
-    {
-      ...row,
-      window_phase: null,
-      minutes_until_peak_start: liveStartDelta,
-      minutes_until_peak_end: liveEndDelta,
-    },
-    locale,
-  );
-
-  return {
-    ...meta,
-    cityWindowLabel: meta.detail,
-    localWindowLabel: formatUserLocalWindow(startAtMs, endAtMs, locale),
-    startAtMs,
-    endAtMs,
-  };
-}
-
-function isCalendarActionable(row: ScanOpportunityRow, meta: CalendarMeta, nowMs: number) {
-  if (meta.startAtMs !== null && meta.startAtMs !== undefined) {
-    const endAtMs = meta.endAtMs ?? meta.startAtMs;
-    return (
-      meta.startAtMs <= nowMs + CALENDAR_UPCOMING_HORIZON_MINUTES * MINUTE_MS &&
-      endAtMs >= nowMs - CALENDAR_POST_PEAK_GRACE_MINUTES * MINUTE_MS
-    );
-  }
-
-  const phase = String(row.window_phase || "").toLowerCase();
-  const startDelta = finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_start);
-  const endDelta = finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_end);
-
-  if (phase === "active_peak" || (startDelta !== null && startDelta <= 0 && endDelta !== null && endDelta >= 0)) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  if (phase === "post_peak") {
-    return endDelta === null || endDelta >= -CALENDAR_POST_PEAK_GRACE_MINUTES;
-  }
-
-  if (startDelta === null) {
-    return phase === "setup_today";
-  }
-
-  return startDelta >= 0 && startDelta <= CALENDAR_UPCOMING_HORIZON_MINUTES;
-}
-
-function getCalendarActionGroup(
-  row: ScanOpportunityRow,
-  meta: CalendarMeta,
-  nowMs: number,
-  locale: string,
-): CalendarActionGroup {
-  const isEn = locale === "en-US";
-  const phase = String(row.window_phase || "").toLowerCase();
-  const startDelta =
-    meta.startAtMs != null ? (meta.startAtMs - nowMs) / MINUTE_MS : finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_start);
-  const endDelta =
-    meta.endAtMs != null ? (meta.endAtMs - nowMs) / MINUTE_MS : finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_end);
-  const isPast =
-    phase === "post_peak" ||
-    (endDelta != null && endDelta < 0) ||
-    meta.key === "past";
-  if (isPast) {
-    return {
-      key: "past",
-      label: isEn ? "Past peak · confirm" : "已过峰值，等待确认",
-      subtitle: isEn ? "Check whether a new high printed; avoid chasing if it did not." : "确认是否刷新高点；若无新高，避免追高。",
-      sort: 3,
-    };
-  }
-  const isNow =
-    phase === "active_peak" ||
-    (startDelta != null && startDelta <= 60) ||
-    meta.key === "active";
-  if (isNow) {
-    return {
-      key: "now",
-      label: isEn ? "Watch now" : "现在可看",
-      subtitle: isEn ? "Peak window is live or close enough to require immediate checks." : "峰值窗口正在进行或即将开始，需要马上核对。",
-      sort: 0,
-    };
-  }
-  if (startDelta != null && startDelta <= 180) {
-    return {
-      key: "next",
-      label: isEn ? "In 1-3 hours" : "1-3 小时内",
-      subtitle: isEn ? "Prepare the setup and wait for the next observation." : "提前准备，只等下一轮观测确认。",
-      sort: 1,
-    };
-  }
-  return {
-    key: "later",
-    label: isEn ? "Later today" : "今天稍后",
-    subtitle: isEn ? "Keep on the board, but do not spend attention yet." : "先放在行动面板，不需要立刻盯盘。",
-    sort: 2,
-  };
-}
-
-function getCalendarModelUpper(row: ScanOpportunityRow) {
-  const values = [
-    finiteCalendarNumber(row.cluster_core_high),
-    ...Object.values(row.model_cluster_sources || {}).map((value) => finiteCalendarNumber(value)),
-  ].filter((value): value is number => value != null);
-  return values.length ? Math.max(...values) : null;
-}
-
-function getCalendarModelLower(row: ScanOpportunityRow) {
-  const values = [
-    finiteCalendarNumber(row.cluster_core_low),
-    ...Object.values(row.model_cluster_sources || {}).map((value) => finiteCalendarNumber(value)),
-  ].filter((value): value is number => value != null);
-  return values.length ? Math.min(...values) : null;
-}
-
-function firstSentence(value?: string | null) {
-  const text = String(value || "").trim();
-  if (!text) return "";
-  const match = text.match(/^.*?[。.!?？](?:\s|$)/);
-  return (match?.[0] || text).trim();
-}
-
-function buildCalendarCoreReason(
-  row: ScanOpportunityRow,
-  group: CalendarActionGroup,
-  locale: string,
-) {
-  const isEn = locale === "en-US";
-  const tempSymbol = row.temp_symbol || "°C";
-  const currentTemp = finiteCalendarNumber(row.current_temp ?? row.metar_context?.last_temp);
-  const modelUpper = getCalendarModelUpper(row);
-  const modelLower = getCalendarModelLower(row);
-  const modelSpread =
-    modelUpper != null && modelLower != null ? modelUpper - modelLower : null;
-  if (currentTemp != null && modelUpper != null && currentTemp > modelUpper + 0.2) {
-    return isEn
-      ? `Observed ${formatTemperatureValue(currentTemp, tempSymbol)} is above the model upper bound; watch whether the high keeps revising up.`
-      : `实测已高于模型上沿，需关注是否继续上修`;
-  }
-  if (group.key === "past") {
-    return isEn
-      ? "Peak window has passed; avoid chasing if no new high prints."
-      : "峰值窗口已过，若无新高应避免追高";
-  }
-  if (row.metar_status?.stale_for_today || row.metar_context?.stale_for_today) {
-    return isEn
-      ? "METAR is stale, so use it as background only."
-      : "METAR 已过旧，仅作背景参考";
-  }
-  if (currentTemp != null && modelLower != null && currentTemp < modelLower - 0.5) {
-    return isEn
-      ? "Observed temperature is still below the model core; wait for the next report."
-      : "实测仍低于模型核心区，等待下一报文确认";
-  }
-  if (Number(row.cluster_model_count || 0) >= 4 && modelSpread != null && modelSpread <= 2) {
-    return isEn
-      ? "Models are tightly aligned; the next observation should decide direction."
-      : "模型高度一致，等待下一报文确认方向";
-  }
-  const aiReason = firstSentence(
-    isEn
-      ? row.ai_watchlist_reason_en || row.ai_forecast_match_reason_en || row.ai_reason_en || row.ai_city_thesis_en
-      : row.ai_watchlist_reason_zh || row.ai_forecast_match_reason_zh || row.ai_reason_zh || row.ai_city_thesis_zh,
-  );
-  if (aiReason) return aiReason;
-  return group.key === "now"
-    ? isEn
-      ? "Peak timing is close; open the card and verify live evidence."
-      : "峰值时间接近，打开卡片核对实况证据"
-    : isEn
-      ? "Keep it on the action board until the next observation."
-      : "先放入行动面板，等待下一轮观测";
-}
+  buildCalendarCoreReason,
+  buildCalendarMeta,
+  dedupeCalendarRows,
+  formatCalendarCardShortDate,
+  getCalendarActionGroup,
+  isCalendarActionable,
+  type CalendarActionItem,
+} from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/calendar-action-utils";
 
 const CalendarActionCard = memo(function CalendarActionCard({
   item,
@@ -349,7 +65,7 @@ const CalendarActionCard = memo(function CalendarActionCard({
       </div>
       <div className="scan-calendar-meta">
         <span>
-          {formatShortDate(row.selected_date || row.local_date, locale)} · {row.local_time || "--"}
+          {formatCalendarCardShortDate(row, locale)} · {row.local_time || "--"}
         </span>
         <span>{phaseMeta.label}</span>
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/buildCityDecisionState.test.ts b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/buildCityDecisionState.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..665a2329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/buildCityDecisionState.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { buildCityDecisionState } from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/city-decision-state";
+import type { MarketDecisionView } from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/city-card-decision-utils";
+import type { AiCityForecastState } from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/types";
+
+function market(status: MarketDecisionView["status"]): MarketDecisionView {
+  return {
+    bucketLabel: "--",
+    confidence: "--",
+    edgeText: "--",
+    impliedText: "--",
+    modelText: "--",
+    priceText: "--",
+    reason: "",
+    status,
+    title: "",
+    tone: "watch",
+  };
+}
+
+function ai(status: AiCityForecastState["status"], extra: Partial<AiCityForecastState> = {}): AiCityForecastState {
+  return { status, ...extra };
+}
+
+export function runTests() {
+  const breakout = buildCityDecisionState({
+    aiCityForecast: null,
+    aiForecast: ai("ready"),
+    aiRuleEvidenceMode: false,
+    isEn: false,
+    isHkoObservation: false,
+    marketDecisionView: market("ready"),
+    modelHighlyConsistent: true,
+    needsNextBulletin: false,
+    observationStale: false,
+    observedHighBreak: true,
+    observedLowBreak: false,
+    observedLowLag: false,
+    peakHasPassed: false,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(breakout.urgency, "now");
+  assert.equal(breakout.recommendation, "watch");
+  assert.match(breakout.primaryReason, /实测已突破模型上沿/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(breakout.primaryReason, /等待确认|等待下一报文/);
+  assert.ok(breakout.badges.some((badge) => badge.label === "实测突破"));
+
+  const marketUnavailable = buildCityDecisionState({
+    aiCityForecast: null,
+    aiForecast: ai("ready"),
+    aiRuleEvidenceMode: false,
+    isEn: false,
+    isHkoObservation: false,
+    marketDecisionView: market("unavailable"),
+    modelHighlyConsistent: false,
+    needsNextBulletin: false,
+    observationStale: false,
+    observedHighBreak: false,
+    observedLowBreak: false,
+    observedLowLag: false,
+    peakHasPassed: false,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(marketUnavailable.marketStatus, "unavailable");
+  assert.match(marketUnavailable.primaryReason, /暂无可交易价格/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(marketUnavailable.primaryReason, /未接入|系统缺失|系统坏/);
+
+  const fallback = buildCityDecisionState({
+    aiCityForecast: null,
+    aiForecast: ai("ready", { payload: { degraded: true } }),
+    aiRuleEvidenceMode: true,
+    isEn: false,
+    isHkoObservation: false,
+    marketDecisionView: market("ready"),
+    modelHighlyConsistent: false,
+    needsNextBulletin: false,
+    observationStale: false,
+    observedHighBreak: false,
+    observedLowBreak: false,
+    observedLowLag: false,
+    peakHasPassed: false,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(fallback.aiStatus, "fallback");
+  assert.equal(fallback.aiStatusLabel, "规则证据模式");
+  assert.notEqual(fallback.aiStatusLabel, "AI 解读已完成");
+
+  const partialStream = buildCityDecisionState({
+    aiCityForecast: null,
+    aiForecast: ai("loading", { streamText: "partial" }),
+    aiRuleEvidenceMode: false,
+    isEn: false,
+    isHkoObservation: false,
+    marketDecisionView: market("ready"),
+    modelHighlyConsistent: false,
+    needsNextBulletin: true,
+    observationStale: false,
+    observedHighBreak: false,
+    observedLowBreak: false,
+    observedLowLag: true,
+    peakHasPassed: false,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(partialStream.aiStatus, "deepseek-loading");
+  assert.equal(partialStream.aiStatusLabel, "快速判断已完成");
+}
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/buildStatusTags.test.ts b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/buildStatusTags.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..424fc1db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/buildStatusTags.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { buildCityDecisionState } from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/city-decision-state";
+import type { MarketDecisionView } from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/city-card-decision-utils";
+
+const readyMarket: MarketDecisionView = {
+  bucketLabel: "--",
+  confidence: "--",
+  edgeText: "--",
+  impliedText: "--",
+  modelText: "--",
+  priceText: "--",
+  reason: "",
+  status: "ready",
+  title: "",
+  tone: "neutral",
+};
+
+export function runTests() {
+  const peakPassed = buildCityDecisionState({
+    aiCityForecast: null,
+    aiForecast: { status: "ready" },
+    aiRuleEvidenceMode: false,
+    isEn: false,
+    isHkoObservation: false,
+    marketDecisionView: readyMarket,
+    modelHighlyConsistent: true,
+    needsNextBulletin: false,
+    observationStale: false,
+    observedHighBreak: false,
+    observedLowBreak: false,
+    observedLowLag: false,
+    peakHasPassed: true,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(peakPassed.urgency, "past");
+  assert.equal(peakPassed.recommendation, "avoid");
+  assert.match(peakPassed.primaryReason, /峰值窗口已过/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(peakPassed.primaryReason, /值得关注/);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    peakPassed.badges.map((badge) => badge.label),
+    ["峰值窗口已过", "模型高度一致"],
+  );
+
+  const staleMetar = buildCityDecisionState({
+    aiCityForecast: null,
+    aiForecast: { status: "ready" },
+    aiRuleEvidenceMode: false,
+    isEn: false,
+    isHkoObservation: false,
+    marketDecisionView: readyMarket,
+    modelHighlyConsistent: false,
+    needsNextBulletin: false,
+    observationStale: true,
+    observedHighBreak: false,
+    observedLowBreak: false,
+    observedLowLag: false,
+    peakHasPassed: false,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(staleMetar.evidenceQuality, "stale");
+  assert.equal(staleMetar.recommendation, "background");
+  assert.ok(staleMetar.badges.some((badge) => badge.label === "METAR 过旧"));
+}
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/calendarGrouping.test.ts b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/calendarGrouping.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b1ad34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/calendarGrouping.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import {
+  buildCalendarCoreReason,
+  buildCalendarMeta,
+  getCalendarActionGroup,
+} from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/calendar-action-utils";
+import type { ScanOpportunityRow } from "@/lib/dashboard-types";
+
+function row(overrides: Partial<ScanOpportunityRow>): ScanOpportunityRow {
+  return {
+    city: "London",
+    city_display_name: "London",
+    current_temp: 21,
+    deb_prediction: 24,
+    id: "london-2026-04-27",
+    local_date: "2026-04-27",
+    local_time: "4/27·00:01",
+    selected_date: "2026-04-27",
+    temp_symbol: "°C",
+    ...overrides,
+  } as ScanOpportunityRow;
+}
+
+export function runTests() {
+  const snapshotMs = Date.UTC(2026, 3, 27, 16, 1);
+  const sameNow = snapshotMs;
+  const localTimeCase = row({
+    minutes_until_peak_end: 119,
+    minutes_until_peak_start: 0,
+    window_phase: "active_peak",
+  });
+  const meta = buildCalendarMeta(localTimeCase, "zh-CN", snapshotMs, sameNow);
+
+  assert.equal(meta.startAtMs, snapshotMs);
+  assert.ok(meta.localWindowLabel, "should expose the user's local peak window");
+  assert.notEqual(meta.localWindowLabel, localTimeCase.local_time);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(meta.localWindowLabel || "", /4\/27·00:01/);
+
+  const activeGroup = getCalendarActionGroup(localTimeCase, meta, sameNow, "zh-CN");
+  assert.equal(activeGroup.key, "now");
+
+  const breakoutReason = buildCalendarCoreReason(
+    row({
+      cluster_core_high: 24.7,
+      cluster_core_low: 23.1,
+      cluster_model_count: 6,
+      current_temp: 25.2,
+      model_cluster_sources: {
+        ecmwf: 24.4,
+        gfs: 24.7,
+      },
+    }),
+    activeGroup,
+    "zh-CN",
+  );
+  assert.match(breakoutReason, /实测已高于模型上沿/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(breakoutReason, /等待下一报文确认方向/);
+
+  const pastMeta = buildCalendarMeta(
+    row({
+      minutes_until_peak_end: -20,
+      minutes_until_peak_start: -120,
+      window_phase: "post_peak",
+    }),
+    "zh-CN",
+    snapshotMs,
+    sameNow,
+  );
+  const pastGroup = getCalendarActionGroup(
+    row({ minutes_until_peak_end: -20, minutes_until_peak_start: -120, window_phase: "post_peak" }),
+    pastMeta,
+    sameNow,
+    "zh-CN",
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(pastGroup.key, "past");
+  assert.match(
+    buildCalendarCoreReason(row({}), pastGroup, "zh-CN"),
+    /峰值窗口已过，若无新高应避免追高/,
+  );
+}
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/marketDecisionView.test.ts b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/marketDecisionView.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ade2f53d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/__tests__/marketDecisionView.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import {
+  buildMarketDecisionView,
+  pickMarketBucketForWeatherCenter,
+} from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/city-card-decision-utils";
+import type { MarketScan } from "@/lib/dashboard-types";
+
+export function runTests() {
+  const unavailable = buildMarketDecisionView({
+    expectedHigh: 24,
+    isEn: false,
+    marketScan: { available: false },
+    marketStatus: "ready",
+    tempSymbol: "°C",
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(unavailable.status, "unavailable");
+  assert.equal(unavailable.title, "市场价格暂不可用");
+  assert.match(unavailable.reason, /暂无可交易价格/);
+  assert.match(unavailable.reason, /天气判断仍可参考/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(unavailable.reason, /未接入|系统缺失|系统坏/);
+
+  const mismatchedScan: MarketScan = {
+    available: true,
+    all_buckets: [
+      {
+        label: "40°C",
+        temp: 40,
+        unit: "C",
+        model_probability: 0.2,
+        market_price: 0.3,
+        yes_buy: 0.31,
+      },
+    ],
+    market_price: 0.3,
+    model_probability: 0.55,
+    yes_buy: 0.31,
+  };
+  const mismatched = buildMarketDecisionView({
+    expectedHigh: 24,
+    isEn: false,
+    marketScan: mismatchedScan,
+    marketStatus: "ready",
+    tempSymbol: "°C",
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(pickMarketBucketForWeatherCenter(mismatchedScan, 24, "°C"), null);
+  assert.equal(mismatched.status, "ready");
+  assert.equal(mismatched.title, "市场温度桶需重新匹配");
+  assert.equal(mismatched.edgeText, "--");
+  assert.match(mismatched.reason, /温度桶与今日预计高点不够匹配/);
+
+  const matched = buildMarketDecisionView({
+    expectedHigh: 24.3,
+    isEn: false,
+    marketScan: {
+      available: true,
+      all_buckets: [
+        {
+          label: "24°C",
+          temp: 24,
+          unit: "C",
+          model_probability: 0.64,
+          market_price: 0.41,
+          yes_buy: 0.42,
+          slug: "tokyo-high-24c",
+        },
+      ],
+      market_price: 0.41,
+      model_probability: 0.64,
+      yes_buy: 0.42,
+    },
+    marketStatus: "ready",
+    tempSymbol: "°C",
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(matched.status, "ready");
+  assert.equal(matched.bucketLabel, "24°C");
+  assert.equal(matched.priceText, "42¢");
+  assert.match(matched.reason, /模型概率 64\.0%/);
+}
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/calendar-action-utils.ts b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/calendar-action-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbdd7287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/calendar-action-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+import type { ScanOpportunityRow } from "@/lib/dashboard-types";
+import { formatTemperatureValue } from "@/lib/temperature-utils";
+import {
+  formatShortDate,
+  getPeakCountdownMeta,
+} from "@/components/dashboard/scan-terminal/decision-utils";
+
+export const CALENDAR_UPCOMING_HORIZON_MINUTES = 12 * 60;
+export const CALENDAR_POST_PEAK_GRACE_MINUTES = 3 * 60;
+const MINUTE_MS = 60_000;
+
+export type CalendarMeta = ReturnType<typeof getPeakCountdownMeta> & {
+  localWindowLabel?: string | null;
+  cityWindowLabel?: string | null;
+  startAtMs?: number | null;
+  endAtMs?: number | null;
+};
+
+export type CalendarActionGroup = {
+  key: "now" | "next" | "later" | "past";
+  label: string;
+  subtitle: string;
+  sort: number;
+};
+
+export type CalendarActionItem = {
+  row: ScanOpportunityRow;
+  meta: CalendarMeta;
+  reason: string;
+};
+
+function normalizeCalendarCityKey(value?: string | null) {
+  return String(value || "")
+    .trim()
+    .toLowerCase()
+    .replace(/[\s_-]+/g, "");
+}
+
+function getCalendarCardKey(row: ScanOpportunityRow) {
+  const city =
+    normalizeCalendarCityKey(row.city) ||
+    normalizeCalendarCityKey(row.city_display_name) ||
+    normalizeCalendarCityKey(row.display_name);
+  const date = String(row.selected_date || row.local_date || "").trim();
+  return `${city || row.id}:${date || "date-unknown"}`;
+}
+
+function getCalendarRowScore(row: ScanOpportunityRow) {
+  return Number(row.final_score || 0) * 1000 + Number(row.edge_percent || 0);
+}
+
+export function dedupeCalendarRows(rows: ScanOpportunityRow[]) {
+  const bestByCard = new Map<string, ScanOpportunityRow>();
+  rows.forEach((row) => {
+    const key = getCalendarCardKey(row);
+    const current = bestByCard.get(key);
+    if (!current || getCalendarRowScore(row) > getCalendarRowScore(current)) {
+      bestByCard.set(key, row);
+    }
+  });
+  return [...bestByCard.values()];
+}
+
+export function finiteCalendarNumber(value?: number | null) {
+  const numeric = Number(value);
+  return Number.isFinite(numeric) ? numeric : null;
+}
+
+function formatUserLocalDate(value: Date, locale: string) {
+  return value.toLocaleDateString(locale === "en-US" ? "en-US" : "zh-CN", {
+    month: "short",
+    day: "numeric",
+  });
+}
+
+function formatUserLocalTime(value: Date, locale: string) {
+  return value.toLocaleTimeString(locale === "en-US" ? "en-US" : "zh-CN", {
+    hour: "2-digit",
+    minute: "2-digit",
+  });
+}
+
+export function formatUserLocalWindow(
+  startAtMs: number,
+  endAtMs: number,
+  locale: string,
+) {
+  const start = new Date(startAtMs);
+  const end = new Date(endAtMs);
+  const startDate = formatUserLocalDate(start, locale);
+  const endDate = formatUserLocalDate(end, locale);
+  const startTime = formatUserLocalTime(start, locale);
+  const endTime = formatUserLocalTime(end, locale);
+  if (start.toDateString() === end.toDateString()) {
+    return `${startDate} ${startTime}-${endTime}`;
+  }
+  return `${startDate} ${startTime} → ${endDate} ${endTime}`;
+}
+
+export function buildCalendarMeta(
+  row: ScanOpportunityRow,
+  locale: string,
+  snapshotMs: number,
+  nowMs: number,
+): CalendarMeta {
+  const startDelta = finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_start);
+  const endDelta = finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_end);
+  if (startDelta === null || endDelta === null) {
+    const fallback = getPeakCountdownMeta(row, locale);
+    return {
+      ...fallback,
+      cityWindowLabel: fallback.detail,
+      localWindowLabel: null,
+      startAtMs: null,
+      endAtMs: null,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const startAtMs = snapshotMs + startDelta * MINUTE_MS;
+  const endAtMs = snapshotMs + endDelta * MINUTE_MS;
+  const liveStartDelta = (startAtMs - nowMs) / MINUTE_MS;
+  const liveEndDelta = (endAtMs - nowMs) / MINUTE_MS;
+  const meta = getPeakCountdownMeta(
+    {
+      ...row,
+      window_phase: null,
+      minutes_until_peak_start: liveStartDelta,
+      minutes_until_peak_end: liveEndDelta,
+    },
+    locale,
+  );
+
+  return {
+    ...meta,
+    cityWindowLabel: meta.detail,
+    localWindowLabel: formatUserLocalWindow(startAtMs, endAtMs, locale),
+    startAtMs,
+    endAtMs,
+  };
+}
+
+export function isCalendarActionable(row: ScanOpportunityRow, meta: CalendarMeta, nowMs: number) {
+  if (meta.startAtMs !== null && meta.startAtMs !== undefined) {
+    const endAtMs = meta.endAtMs ?? meta.startAtMs;
+    return (
+      meta.startAtMs <= nowMs + CALENDAR_UPCOMING_HORIZON_MINUTES * MINUTE_MS &&
+      endAtMs >= nowMs - CALENDAR_POST_PEAK_GRACE_MINUTES * MINUTE_MS
+    );
+  }
+
+  const phase = String(row.window_phase || "").toLowerCase();
+  const startDelta = finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_start);
+  const endDelta = finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_end);
+
+  if (phase === "active_peak" || (startDelta !== null && startDelta <= 0 && endDelta !== null && endDelta >= 0)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (phase === "post_peak") {
+    return endDelta === null || endDelta >= -CALENDAR_POST_PEAK_GRACE_MINUTES;
+  }
+
+  if (startDelta === null) {
+    return phase === "setup_today";
+  }
+
+  return startDelta >= 0 && startDelta <= CALENDAR_UPCOMING_HORIZON_MINUTES;
+}
+
+export function getCalendarActionGroup(
+  row: ScanOpportunityRow,
+  meta: CalendarMeta,
+  nowMs: number,
+  locale: string,
+): CalendarActionGroup {
+  const isEn = locale === "en-US";
+  const phase = String(row.window_phase || "").toLowerCase();
+  const startDelta =
+    meta.startAtMs != null ? (meta.startAtMs - nowMs) / MINUTE_MS : finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_start);
+  const endDelta =
+    meta.endAtMs != null ? (meta.endAtMs - nowMs) / MINUTE_MS : finiteCalendarNumber(row.minutes_until_peak_end);
+  const isPast =
+    phase === "post_peak" ||
+    (endDelta != null && endDelta < 0) ||
+    meta.key === "past";
+  if (isPast) {
+    return {
+      key: "past",
+      label: isEn ? "Past peak · confirm" : "已过峰值，等待确认",
+      subtitle: isEn ? "Check whether a new high printed; avoid chasing if it did not." : "确认是否刷新高点；若无新高，避免追高。",
+      sort: 3,
+    };
+  }
+  const isNow =
+    phase === "active_peak" ||
+    (startDelta != null && startDelta <= 60) ||
+    meta.key === "active";
+  if (isNow) {
+    return {
+      key: "now",
+      label: isEn ? "Watch now" : "现在可看",
+      subtitle: isEn ? "Peak window is live or close enough to require immediate checks." : "峰值窗口正在进行或即将开始，需要马上核对。",
+      sort: 0,
+    };
+  }
+  if (startDelta != null && startDelta <= 180) {
+    return {
+      key: "next",
+      label: isEn ? "In 1-3 hours" : "1-3 小时内",
+      subtitle: isEn ? "Prepare the setup and wait for the next observation." : "提前准备，只等下一轮观测确认。",
+      sort: 1,
+    };
+  }
+  return {
+    key: "later",
+    label: isEn ? "Later today" : "今天稍后",
+    subtitle: isEn ? "Keep on the board, but do not spend attention yet." : "先放在行动面板，不需要立刻盯盘。",
+    sort: 2,
+  };
+}
+
+function getCalendarModelUpper(row: ScanOpportunityRow) {
+  const values = [
+    finiteCalendarNumber(row.cluster_core_high),
+    ...Object.values(row.model_cluster_sources || {}).map((value) => finiteCalendarNumber(value)),
+  ].filter((value): value is number => value != null);
+  return values.length ? Math.max(...values) : null;
+}
+
+function getCalendarModelLower(row: ScanOpportunityRow) {
+  const values = [
+    finiteCalendarNumber(row.cluster_core_low),
+    ...Object.values(row.model_cluster_sources || {}).map((value) => finiteCalendarNumber(value)),
+  ].filter((value): value is number => value != null);
+  return values.length ? Math.min(...values) : null;
+}
+
+function firstSentence(value?: string | null) {
+  const text = String(value || "").trim();
+  if (!text) return "";
+  const match = text.match(/^.*?[。.!?？](?:\s|$)/);
+  return (match?.[0] || text).trim();
+}
+
+export function buildCalendarCoreReason(
+  row: ScanOpportunityRow,
+  group: CalendarActionGroup,
+  locale: string,
+) {
+  const isEn = locale === "en-US";
+  const tempSymbol = row.temp_symbol || "°C";
+  const currentTemp = finiteCalendarNumber(row.current_temp ?? row.metar_context?.last_temp);
+  const modelUpper = getCalendarModelUpper(row);
+  const modelLower = getCalendarModelLower(row);
+  const modelSpread =
+    modelUpper != null && modelLower != null ? modelUpper - modelLower : null;
+  if (currentTemp != null && modelUpper != null && currentTemp > modelUpper + 0.2) {
+    return isEn
+      ? `Observed ${formatTemperatureValue(currentTemp, tempSymbol)} is above the model upper bound; watch whether the high keeps revising up.`
+      : `实测已高于模型上沿，需关注是否继续上修`;
+  }
+  if (group.key === "past") {
+    return isEn
+      ? "Peak window has passed; avoid chasing if no new high prints."
+      : "峰值窗口已过，若无新高应避免追高";
+  }
+  if (row.metar_status?.stale_for_today || row.metar_context?.stale_for_today) {
+    return isEn
+      ? "METAR is stale, so use it as background only."
+      : "METAR 已过旧，仅作背景参考";
+  }
+  if (currentTemp != null && modelLower != null && currentTemp < modelLower - 0.5) {
+    return isEn
+      ? "Observed temperature is still below the model core; wait for the next report."
+      : "实测仍低于模型核心区，等待下一报文确认";
+  }
+  if (Number(row.cluster_model_count || 0) >= 4 && modelSpread != null && modelSpread <= 2) {
+    return isEn
+      ? "Models are tightly aligned; the next observation should decide direction."
+      : "模型高度一致，等待下一报文确认方向";
+  }
+  const aiReason = firstSentence(
+    isEn
+      ? row.ai_watchlist_reason_en || row.ai_forecast_match_reason_en || row.ai_reason_en || row.ai_city_thesis_en
+      : row.ai_watchlist_reason_zh || row.ai_forecast_match_reason_zh || row.ai_reason_zh || row.ai_city_thesis_zh,
+  );
+  if (aiReason) return aiReason;
+  return group.key === "now"
+    ? isEn
+      ? "Peak timing is close; open the card and verify live evidence."
+      : "峰值时间接近，打开卡片核对实况证据"
+    : isEn
+      ? "Keep it on the action board until the next observation."
+      : "先放入行动面板，等待下一轮观测";
+}
+
+export function formatCalendarCardShortDate(row: ScanOpportunityRow, locale: string) {
+  return formatShortDate(row.selected_date || row.local_date, locale);
+}
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index b58b218b..8ab47694 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
     "dev": "node scripts/sync-next-server-chunks.mjs --clean-root && next dev",
     "build": "next build && node scripts/sync-next-server-chunks.mjs",
     "start": "next start",
-    "lint": "next lint"
+    "lint": "next lint",
+    "test:business": "node scripts/run-business-state-tests.mjs"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@radix-ui/react-slot": "^1.1.2",
diff --git a/frontend/scripts/run-business-state-tests.mjs b/frontend/scripts/run-business-state-tests.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74e1ec3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/scripts/run-business-state-tests.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import vm from "node:vm";
+import { createRequire } from "node:module";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import ts from "typescript";
+
+const projectRoot = path.resolve(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "..");
+const nodeRequire = createRequire(import.meta.url);
+const moduleCache = new Map();
+
+function toWindowsSafePath(value) {
+  return process.platform === "win32" && value.startsWith("/")
+    ? value.slice(1)
+    : value;
+}
+
+function resolveModule(specifier, fromFile) {
+  if (specifier.startsWith("@/")) {
+    return resolveFile(path.join(projectRoot, specifier.slice(2)));
+  }
+  if (specifier.startsWith(".")) {
+    return resolveFile(path.resolve(path.dirname(fromFile), specifier));
+  }
+  return specifier;
+}
+
+function resolveFile(basePath) {
+  const candidates = [
+    basePath,
+    `${basePath}.ts`,
+    `${basePath}.tsx`,
+    `${basePath}.js`,
+    `${basePath}.jsx`,
+    path.join(basePath, "index.ts"),
+    path.join(basePath, "index.tsx"),
+    path.join(basePath, "index.js"),
+  ];
+  const match = candidates.find((candidate) => fs.existsSync(candidate) && fs.statSync(candidate).isFile());
+  if (!match) {
+    throw new Error(`Cannot resolve module file: ${basePath}`);
+  }
+  return match;
+}
+
+function loadLocalModule(filename) {
+  const normalized = path.normalize(filename);
+  if (moduleCache.has(normalized)) return moduleCache.get(normalized).exports;
+
+  const source = fs.readFileSync(normalized, "utf8");
+  const transpiled = ts.transpileModule(source, {
+    compilerOptions: {
+      esModuleInterop: true,
+      jsx: ts.JsxEmit.ReactJSX,
+      module: ts.ModuleKind.CommonJS,
+      target: ts.ScriptTarget.ES2022,
+    },
+    fileName: normalized,
+  }).outputText;
+
+  const module = { exports: {} };
+  moduleCache.set(normalized, module);
+
+  const localRequire = (specifier) => {
+    const resolved = resolveModule(specifier, normalized);
+    if (typeof resolved === "string" && path.isAbsolute(resolved)) {
+      return loadLocalModule(resolved);
+    }
+    return nodeRequire(specifier);
+  };
+
+  const wrapper = `(function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) {\n${transpiled}\n})`;
+  const compiled = vm.runInThisContext(wrapper, { filename: normalized });
+  compiled(module.exports, localRequire, module, normalized, path.dirname(normalized));
+  return module.exports;
+}
+
+function collectTests(dir) {
+  const entries = fs.readdirSync(dir, { withFileTypes: true });
+  return entries.flatMap((entry) => {
+    const fullPath = path.join(dir, entry.name);
+    if (entry.isDirectory()) return collectTests(fullPath);
+    return /\.test\.tsx?$/.test(entry.name) ? [fullPath] : [];
+  });
+}
+
+const testsRoot = path.join(projectRoot, "components", "dashboard", "scan-terminal", "__tests__");
+const testFiles = fs.existsSync(testsRoot) ? collectTests(testsRoot).sort() : [];
+
+if (!testFiles.length) {
+  throw new Error(`No business state tests found under ${testsRoot}`);
+}
+
+let passed = 0;
+for (const file of testFiles) {
+  const exported = loadLocalModule(toWindowsSafePath(file));
+  const run = exported.runTests || exported.default;
+  if (typeof run !== "function") {
+    throw new Error(`${file} must export runTests()`);
+  }
+  await run();
+  passed += 1;
+  console.log(`✓ ${path.relative(projectRoot, file)}`);
+}
+
+console.log(`Business state tests passed: ${passed}/${testFiles.length}`);